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NYSTCE MULTI-SUBJECT CST: Part 3, Arts & Sciences Exam Study Guide with Complete Solution, Exams of Advanced Education

University of CumbriaAdvanced Education

NYSTCE MULTI-SUBJECT CST: Part 3, Arts & Sciences Exam Study Guide with Complete Solution 1. Altimeter: An instrument that uses air pressure to record height, such as the height of an airplane. 2. Anemometer: An instrument to measure wind speed. 3. Angiosperm: A group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary, which may mature into a fruit.

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NYSTCE MULTI-SUBJECT CST: Part 3, Arts &
Sciences Exam Study Guide with Complete
Solution
1. Altimeter: An instrument that uses air pressure to record height, such
as the height of an airplane.
2. Anemometer: An instrument to measure wind speed.
3. Angiosperm: A group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an
ovary, which may mature into a fruit.
4. Annuals: Plants that die after one growing season.
5. Asexual Reproduction: Reproduction involving ONE parent only.
6. Atmosphere: The Earth's atmosphere is primarily nitrogen and oxygen.
- atmosphere extends to the surface of about 10km.
- stratosphere extends from 10km to 50km
- mesosphere extends from 50km to 80km
- thermosphere extends beyond 80km
7. Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights): Light emission from the upper
atmosphere that appear in many shapes and colors.
8. Bacillus: a rod-shaped bacteria.
9. Blood: Fluid that circulates throughout the body of an animal, distributing
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Partial preview of the text

Download NYSTCE MULTI-SUBJECT CST: Part 3, Arts & Sciences Exam Study Guide with Complete Solution and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!

NYSTCE MULTI-SUBJECT CST: Part 3, Arts &

Sciences Exam Study Guide with Complete

Solution

  1. Altimeter: An instrument that uses air pressure to record height, such as the height of an airplane.
  2. Anemometer: An instrument to measure wind speed.
  3. Angiosperm: A group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary, which may mature into a fruit.
  4. Annuals: Plants that die after one growing season.
  5. Asexual Reproduction: Reproduction involving ONE parent only.
  6. Atmosphere: The Earth's atmosphere is primarily nitrogen and oxygen.
  • atmosphere extends to the surface of about 10km.
  • stratosphere extends from 10km to 50km
  • mesosphere extends from 50km to 80km
  • thermosphere extends beyond 80km
  1. Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights): Light emission from the upper atmosphere that appear in many shapes and colors.
  2. Bacillus: a rod-shaped bacteria.
  3. Blood: Fluid that circulates throughout the body of an animal, distributing

nutri- ents (usually oxygen).

  1. Canopy: A layer of tree branches and other vegetation elevated above the ground.
  2. Carbon Dioxide (C02): A colorless, odorless gas that is important in the Earth's atmospheric greenhouse effect.
  3. Carcinogen: A substance that can lead to cancer.
  4. Carcinoma: A malignant (infectious) tumor, which forms in the skin and outside of internal organs.
  5. Carnivore: An organism that eats meat, which includes animals, fungi, and plants.
  6. Ceilometer: An instrument that measures cloud height.
  7. Cell: A fundamental unit of all light. The cell consists of an outer plasma mem- brane, the cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA).
  8. Celsius: A temperature scale which freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
  9. Chemical Properties: Properties that do change the chemical nature of matter.
  • change results in an entirely different kind of matter.
  • burning, tarnishing, rusting, decomposing
  1. Chemotherapy: A cancer treatment that includes chemicals toxic to malignant (infected) cells.
  2. Chinook Wind: A warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky
  1. Chromosome: A single DNA molecule, a tightly coiled strand of DNA, con- densed into a compact structure.
  2. Clone: An identical copy of an organism.
  3. Cloud: A visible group of water or ice particles in the atmosphere.
  4. Commensalism: A relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits from the other without affecting it.
  5. Continental Divide: In the United States, the part of the western mountains that separates water flowing toward opposite side of the country.
  6. Convection: The movement up in the atmosphere of heated moisture. Thunder- storms are often caused by convection.
  7. Core: The portion of the Earth from beneath the mantle of the Earth's center.
  8. Cross-Pollination: Fertilization of one plant by pollen from a different plant.
  9. Diabetes: A disease related to lowered levels of insulin.
  10. Diploid Cell: A cell with TWO copies of each chromosome.
  11. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): This primary component of chromosomes car- ries an organisms genetic code.
  12. Double Helix: A term used to describe the coiling strands of DNA molecules that resembles a spiral staircase.
  1. Ecology: The study of interactions of organisms with their environment and with each other.
  2. El Nino: Warming of the Pacific Ocean seawater along the coast of South America that leads to significant weather changes in the United States.
  3. Embryo: The stage of cellular division that develops from a zygote
  4. Enzyme: A protein that aids biochemical reactions.
  5. Epicenter: The part on the surface of the Earth immediately above the focus of an earthquake.
  6. Esophagus: Part of the gut that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
  7. Estuary: A place where freshwater and seawater mix.
  8. Flower: The reproductive parts of flowering plants.
  9. Fossil: Evidence of past life.
  10. Fruit: The part of flowering plants that contains seeds.
  11. Gamete: Reproductive haploid cells that combine to create a zygote.
  12. Genus: The level of plant and animal between species and the family.
  13. Germination: The process by which seeds develop into seedlings.
  14. Gill: The tissues aquatic animals use to breathe in the water
  15. Glucose: A simple sugar and product of photosynthesis.
  16. Haploid Cell: A cell with ONE set of chromosomes, which is half of the regular (diploid) number.
  1. Herbivore: An organism that relies primarily on plants for food.
  2. Homeostasis: The tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable, relatively constant internal environment.
  3. Hypothesis: A preliminary proposition that can be tested through scientific study.
  4. Interefron: Small proteins that stimulate viral resistance.
  5. Insulin: Hormone needed to transport glucose to cells.
  6. Intestine: The digestive tract between the stomach and anus where most nutri- ents are absorbed.
  7. Isotope: Atoms of the same chemical element with a DIFFERENT number of neutrons, but the SAME number of protons. Same atomic number, but may have a different mass.
  8. Jet Stream: Strong upper wind currents in a narrow stream that flows west to east in the U.S. Weather patterns are related to the position of the jet stream, which changes often.
  9. Kelvin: A temperature scale in which:
  • 1 degree Kelvin equals 1 degree celsius
  • 0 degrees Kelvin is about -273 degrees celsius.
  • 0 degrees Kelvin is called absolute zero because there is no movement of molecules.
  1. Knot: 1 nauticle mile = about 1.15 MPH
  2. Larva: In the metamorphosis of insects, the larva becomes a pupa before it becomes an adult.
  3. Lenticular Cloud: An almond shaped cloud usually seen on windy days.
  4. Lipids: Compounds that are fats and oils.
  5. Magma: Molten rock formed in the Earth that may appear on the surface.
  6. Mantle: The part of the Earth located between the crust and the core.
  7. Marsupial: A mammal whose young crawl into its mothers punch to complete development.
  8. Meiosis: The process in which a diploid cell divides to form haploid cells.
  9. Metamorphosis: In most amphibians, a process in which larva goes through significant changes, including a pupa stage, before becoming an adult.
  10. Mitosis: Cell division consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase that usually creates in two nuclei, each with a full set of chromosomes.
  11. Moraine: Material deposited by a glacier and often marking a glaciers furthest advance.
  12. Nebula: An interstellar cloud of dust and gas.
  13. Niche: An organism's unique place in the environment.

nature of matter.

  • color, size, texture, length, volume, density
  1. Sonic Boom: A loud noise caused by a shock wave when an object exceeds the speed of sound.
  2. Summer Solstice: When the sun is the highest in the sky and directly above the Tropic of Cancer.
  • Typically falls on June 22nd.
  1. Vernal Equinox: When the sun is directly overt the equinox.
  2. Virga: Precipitation that evaporates before reaching the Earth's surface.
  3. Weathering: Physical, chemical, and biological process where rock is broken down into smaller pieces.
  4. Wind Chill: Combined cooling effect of wind and temperature. High wind chill indicates that a body will cool more quickly to air temperature.
  5. Allegory: Art that represents or symbolizes some idea or quality.
  6. Arabesque: Very intricate designs based on plant forms.
  7. Atrium: An open rectangular shaped court, often in front of churches.
  8. Avant-Garde: Art considered ahead of its time.
  9. Baluster: A small, curved post or pillar.
  10. Balustrade: A railing usually supported by balusters.
  11. Batten: Strips of wood use as a base for plastering or for attaching tile.
  1. Bevel: Tool to round off a sharp edge.
  2. Biscuit: Unglazed porcelain.
  3. Bust: A sculpture showing the head and shoulders.
  4. Course: A row of bricks or stones.
  5. Cuneiform: Wedge shaped writing associated with the Babylonians and Sume- rians.
  6. Decoupage: Cutting out designs to be used in a collage.
  7. Foreshortened: Objects painted or drawn as though they were seen from an angle projecting into space.
  8. Fresco: A painting applied to wet plaster.
  9. Golden Ratio: The proportion of approx. 1.6 to 1, which is said to represent the most pleasing artistic proportion.
  10. Linear: A way of representing 3D space in 2D.
  11. Macrame: Artwork made of knotted fabrics.
  12. Monolith: A figure sculpted or carved from a single block of stone.
  13. Obelisk: A rectangular block of stone, often with a pyramidal top.
  14. Quarry Tile: Unglazed tile.
  15. Tapestry: Fabric woven from silk by hand.
  16. Tempura: A type of painting that binds the pigment with a mixture of egg and water OR egg and oil.
  1. Culture: Knowledge, beliefs, practices, and values shared by a society at a particular time.
  2. Democracy: Political system based on self-rule, in which government consists of representatives freely elected by citizens.
  3. Federalism: Political system in which authority is both central and localized.
  • example: the U.S system in which both federal and state governments have partially independent authority.
  1. Feudalism: Social organization during the Middle Ages based on reciprocal obligations among lords, vassals, and fiefs.
  2. Industrial Revolution: A period during the 18th and 19th centuries in which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban.
  3. Information Revolution: Development in technology (such as computers, dig- ital communication, microchips) in the second half of the 20th century that has led to dramatic reduction in the cost of obtaining, processing, storing, and transmitting information in all forms (texts, graphs, audio, video).
  4. Jim Crow Laws: State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
  1. Mercantilism: Dominant approach to economy in Europe during the 16th-18th centuries which assumed that the government would tightly control national econo- my by increasing exports, restricting imports, and acquiring capital.
  2. Monarchy: Political system that reflects the absolute sovereignty of a single individual. Monarchial systems both overlap with and can be distinguished from aristocrats, dictatorships, oligarchies, and plutocracies.
  3. Nation: Group of people distinguished by common identity and government.
  4. Nation-State: State that provides a sovereign territory for a single nation.
  5. Nationalism: The belief that the activities and obligations of citizens should be defined in terms of a single national identity.
  6. Natural Rights: Rights that are universal, an automatic for all humans that precede all other rights.
  7. Opportunity Cost: A benefit, profit, or value of something that must be given up to acquire or achieve something else.
  8. Power: Ability to influence the behaviors of others.
  9. Productivity: A measure of the efficiency of a person, machine, factory, sys- tem, etc., in converting inputs into useful outputs.
  10. Prejudice: Negative attitudes towards members of a group, resulting from mirror membership in the group.
  1. Scarcity: Ever-present situation in all markets whereby either less goods are available than the demand for them, or only too little money is available to their potential buyers for making the purchase.
  2. Scientific Revolution: Historical changes in thought and belief, to changes in social and institutional organization, that unfolded in Europe roughly between 1550-1700.
  • Nicholas Copernicus: asserted helio-centric (sun centered) cosmos
  • Isaac Newton: proposed universal laws
  1. Socialism: Political system that reflects collective ownership of the means of production and the distribution of goods, resulting in a relatively even distribution of wealth.
  2. Society: Group of people who reside in a particular territory. A society may have its own culture and may/may not be a part of a civilization.
  3. Supply and Demand: The amount of a product which is available and the amount which is wanted by customers
  4. Unitary State: Political system, also known as a non-federal system, in which authority is centralized. Authority may be transferred to lower levels, but these levels do not maintain independent authority.
  5. Economics: The study of how people produce, distribute, and use resources to satisfy their wants and needs.
  1. Barter: Direct exchange of goods and services without the use of money.
  2. Capital: Wealth that can be used to generate more wealth.
  • material objects such as tools or money itself.
  1. Embargo: A ban on trade with other countries.
  2. Tariff: Taxes on foreign goods that encourage the consumption of domestic products.
  3. Articles of Confederation: Ratified in 1781, this document known as the United States first national constitution, gave states more power than the federal government.
  4. Branches of Government: 1) Legislative: Congress
  1. Executive: President
  2. Judicial: Supreme Court
  1. Bill of Rights: The first 10 amendments to the constitution.
  2. What makes up the Constitution?: 7 articles and 27 amendments.
  3. Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896): Supreme Court ruling that provided for "separate but equal" segregation of races.
  4. Brown vs. Board of Education (1954): Supreme Court ruling that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.