OMSA Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

Download OMSA Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! OMSA Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 A patient has been sedated for a tooth extraction in your office. While the patient is under general anesthesia the patient starts to vomit. The correct sequence of treatment for this patient is: - Correct Answer-Roll this patient on the right side, suction, and full face mask oxygen. A patient is displaying straighter intraoperative Lee. You have terminated the surgery, packed off the site, suction the back of the throat, reposition the airway, push on the chest to listen for a huff, and the patient continues to be symptomatic. Which drug would you consider administering? - Correct Answer-Succinylcholine The doctor ask you to assess the patient's ventilation. The things you look at include watching the rise and fall of the chess and looking at the - Correct Answer-Oxygen saturation and entitle CO2 (capnograph) The ASA classification is used for assessing patients prior to general anesthesia as a risk assessment tool. Do you have a pg. 1 professoraxe l patient with a history of only hypertension. The classification of corn to the ASA would be - Correct Answer-ASA 2 Your patient is an 82-year-old female with a history of coronary artery disease, angina and a previous myocardial infarction five years ago. She has an abscessed painful molar that needs extraction. She wants to be mildly sedated for the procedure. Midway through, you noticed the EKG suddenly looks like a wavy, chaotic undulating line. Can you check the leads and they are all correct. You feel for a pulse, and there is no pulse. Your first actions would be to - Correct Answer- Difibrillate with an AED, start CPR and call 911 A patient has stopped breathing. What is the main primary psychological mechanism that will restart this patient's breathing? - Correct Answer-Excess of carbon dioxide The correct sequence of air flow from the nose to the lungs is - Correct Answer-Nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, trachea, and lungs The right side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood - Correct Answer-True pg. 2 professoraxe l Correct Answer-Stop the amoxicillin and take some over-the- counter Benadryl He just finished removing four wisdom teeth on a 20 year old male. He received quite a bit of anesthetic agents. Specifically 200 mg of pro football, 8 mg of Versed, 200 mcg of fentanyl. He has been in recovery for about 15 minutes when the alarm of the pulse oximeter goes off. You check on him and find him a new Roswell, ashen color with a respiratory rate of eight which is very slow breathing. What drugs would you consider giving him - Correct Answer-Narcan and Flumazenil The classification of drugs used to relax patients or reduce anxiety are called - Correct Answer-Benzodiazepine In compartment syndrome, when can see an increase of pressure in the forearm. This can be caused by Veni puncture. This is considered a true medical emergency - Correct Answer- True Drugs given to the patients are usually metabolized (broken down) in the body by what organ - Correct Answer-Liver pg. 5 professoraxe l A patient with type one diabetes caused the morning of surgery. She states that she's going to sleep to have a bad tooth removed. She is aware that she needs to have nothing to eat or drink prior to coming in but she's not sure what to do with her insulin. She asked for instructions on her insulin that she normally injects her self with in the morning. You advise her to - Correct Answer-You tell her to skip the morning dose of insulin A patient comes into your office with a history of diabetes for the placement of a dental implant as you always do in your office, you perform a fingerstick to check patient's blood glue close before you start the procedure. The fingerstick reveals a blood glucose of 400. What is the most appropriate action for your doctor to take next? - Correct Answer-Do not perform the surgery today and delay the implant placement There are two main categories of local anesthetics using dentistry the most common category of local anesthetic use an oral and Maxillofacial surgery is an - Correct Answer-Amide The doctor ask you to assess the patient oxygenation. The things you look at include looking at the color the patient skin and - Correct Answer-Pulse oximeter pg. 6 professoraxe l Ketamine can cause hallucinations. The best drug to give along with ketamine, to reduce the incidence of these unwanted side effects is - Correct Answer-Versed Your patient presents for a surgery at 10 AM. He states that he remember not to eat or drink anything, but out of habit, took his morning dose of insulin. He is pale, trembling and not feeling well. You perform a fingerstick as you always do for your diabetic patients. His blood glucose is 50 you have not started your IV yet. The best treatment option for this patient is to - Correct Answer-Start an IV and give D5W as your IV fluids The trachea branches into the right and left main stream bronchus. A patient is undergoing general anesthesia in your office to remove a tooth. The patient aspirates the tooth. Which lung would you guess the tooth will end up in? - Correct Answer-The right lung FAST Refers to someone who is having a stroke. This acronym stands for - Correct Answer-Face, arm, speech, time The classification of drugs used to relieve pain are called - Correct Answer-Narcotics pg. 7 professoraxe l The pneumonic Mona stands for - Correct Answer-Morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin A patient with type one diabetes would typically be giving themselves shots of insulin to control their Blood glucose into control their diabetes. - Correct Answer-True Which of the following drugs is most commonly associated with respiratory depression when given by IV? - Correct Answer-Fentanyl The most concerning signs and symptoms of an acute anaphylactic reaction are - Correct Answer-Airway edema and circulatory collapse Which monitor gives the most information about ventilation - Correct Answer-Capnograph You are doing a bicuspid extraction on a 20-year-old male under general anesthesia. He doesn't seem that deep because he keeps moving his tongue all over the place. The chin or notices that the pulse oximeter measurement is dropping and that his chest shows paradoxical rocking. He stopped the pg. 10 professoraxe l procedure, pack off the site, inspection went very well. Next you try to give him positive pressure ventilation, but this is unsuccessful. There is no crowing sound. You count the teeth on the tray, and although you did for extractions, you can only find three. Your doctor quickly looks with the laryngoscope, sees the tooth, but cannot get it out. The saturation is now down to 42 and the patient is beginning to appear ashen. Your next step is - Correct Answer-Perform cricothyrotomy (surgical airway) A laryngospasm is a disorder of the - Correct Answer-Upper airway Angina is potentially reversible - Correct Answer-True You are starting an IV on your patient in the antecubital fossa. The artery that you want to avoid in the antecubital fossa is - Correct Answer-Brachial artery The two types of diabetes that are classically characterized as the following - Correct Answer-Type one is insulin dependent and type two is non-insulin dependent pg. 11 professoraxe l The left side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood - Correct Answer-False Myocardial infarction of the heart muscle is reversible - Correct Answer-False Asthma is a disease of the lungs. It is specifically considered a disease of the - Correct Answer-Lower airway, bronchiolar constriction Classic symptoms of congestive heart failure include - Correct Answer-Shortness of breath and swollen ankles Your patient arrives for a 1:30 PM surgery he admits he was so thirsty he had a sip of water at 1 PM so he has been NPO for only 30 minutes. He assures you it was just a sip of water and nothing more. You can tell him - Correct Answer-It's OK to proceed but we must wait 1.5 hours You are discussing postoperative instructions with your patient who has a history of high blood pressure. Suddenly, the patient begins talking but his speech does not make sense. pg. 12 professoraxe l maintain the local anesthetic closer to the inferior alveolar nerve potentially making it more effective for profound local anesthesia. This should theoretically - Correct Answer- Decrease the number of cartridges needed to obtain profound local anesthesia The pulse oximeter gives us information on - Correct Answer- Oxygenation A pediatric airway is different than adult airway in that - Correct Answer-Kids have a larger tongue and a conical shaped airway Your patient is relatively difficult anesthetic he is morbidly obese with a short neck, recess lower job, and Milan petty score of five. You're struggling to chin him. You've already put in a nasal pharyngeal airway. What else might you try it before you intubate him? - Correct Answer-Laryngeal-mask- airway The agent that is used to reverse the effects of midozalam (versed) is - Correct Answer-Romazicon (flumazenil) pg. 15 professoraxe l A patient who is a 72-year-old male presents for his implant surgery. He has a history of MM I six years ago with angioplasty and stent. He tells you that he stopped his aspirin a week ago it was not instructed by his physician but he just did that on his own. Before you start, he complains of a vague chest pain, almost like indigestion, but it is radiating to his left arm. He is also sweating. Your diagnosis for this patient is - Correct Answer-Angina, possible heart attack You have a patient that is a 17 year-old female who is undergoing the removal of all four wisdom teeth. She has a history of asthma which was more prevalent as a child, not so much now. During the surgery, you hear a wheezing sound and her oxygen saturation begins to fall. Your diagnosis and treatment are - Correct Answer-Bronchospasm, give inhaler and epinephrine if needed The most frequent anatomical cause of airway obstruction is the - Correct Answer-Tongue Your patient calls the morning of the procedure. She is scheduled for general anesthesia. She remembers that she should not have anything to eat or drink but cannot remember what to do about her blood pressure medicine. You pg. 16 professoraxe l advise her she should - Correct Answer-Take the normal dose with a small sip of water One way for your doctor to know that he/she has inadvertently placed an IV into an artery is to see - Correct Answer-The difference between a myocardial infraction an angina is The normal pathway of the connecting systems in the heart is the following - Correct Answer-SA node, AV node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers The following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart - Correct Answer-Superior/inferior Venna cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, Aorta Dilation or widening of all your arteries and blood vessels will cause your blood pressure to increase - Correct Answer-False Do you have a patient that is a 17-year-old female who is Undergoing the removal of all four of wisdom teeth. During pg. 17 professoraxe l Circulation of the left heart consist of - Correct Answer- Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation, high pressure Beto one controls the what? - Correct Answer-Heart Trace the pathway of the conduction system through the heart: ____ node to the ___ node, to the bundle of his to the ____ and finally the ___. - Correct Answer-SA, AC, bundle branches, purkinijie fibers Name the two systems that compromise the autonomic nervous system - Correct Answer-Parasympathetic and sympathetic The heart is divided into ___ chambers. The upper chambers are called ___ while lower chambers are called ___. - Correct Answer-Four, atria, ventricles Insufficient blood flow through the coronary arteries can result in? - Correct Answer-Angina pg. 20 professoraxe l Stimulation of the vagus nerve will ___ the heart rate - Correct Answer-Decrease Another name for the sympathetic nervous system is the Chilingerie system. True or false - Correct Answer-False The ___ valve lies in between the right atrium and the right ventricle, while the ____ Valve lies in between the left atrium and the left ventricle. - Correct Answer-tricuspid and mitral What is the difference between angina and a myocardial infarction? - Correct Answer-Angina is chest pain due to inadequate oxygenation while a myocardial infarction means death of the actual heart muscle. What does ischemia mean? - Correct Answer-inadequate blood supply What are the two kinds of heart failure? - Correct Answer- right and left Symptoms of left sided heart failure include? - Correct Answer-Shortness of breath, pulmonary edema pg. 21 professoraxe l Left sided heart failure often leads to - Correct Answer-right sided heart failure Which patient needs antibiotics prior to sx? - Correct Answer- A 70 year old with prosthetic valve What does necrosis mean? - Correct Answer-death of tissue What medication is used in the treatment of angina? - Correct Answer-nitroglycerin The first heart sound is caused by - Correct Answer-The mitral and tricuspid valves closing Symptoms of right sided heart failure include - Correct Answer-ascites and pitting edema What do beta blockers do? - Correct Answer-Reduce the heart rate and blood pressure pg. 22 professoraxe l Ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and asystole will do what? - Correct Answer-These rhythms will kill What is the correct sequence of impulses through the heart? - Correct Answer-SA node, AV node, bundle of his, purkinjie fibers The T wave is caused by? - Correct Answer-repolarization of ventricles What is more dangerous multifocal PVCs or unifocal PVCs? - Correct Answer-Multifocal PVCs Your patient has an irregularly irregular pulse she has? - Correct Answer-Atrial fibrillation True or false: Sinus arrhythmia is the same as asystole? - Correct Answer-False The P wave is caused by - Correct Answer-depolarization of the atria pg. 25 professoraxe l The QRS complex is caused by? - Correct Answer- depolarization of the ventricles The most common rhythm of cardiac arrest is? - Correct Answer-Ventricular fibrillation The best treatment for ventricular fibrillation is? - Correct Answer-defibrillation What can you treat bradycardia with? - Correct Answer- Atropine, epi-nephron, for serious heart blocks transcutaneous pacing True or false, you can defibrillate asystole? - Correct Answer- False The second medication used in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation is - Correct Answer-Amiodarone pg. 26 professoraxe l You come across A patient who is not breathing and no pulse your next move is to? - Correct Answer-Start chest compressions True or false: Patients in ventricular fibrillation have a pulse? - Correct Answer-False When performing CPR, the rate of compress is how many per minute? - Correct Answer-100 Vagal maneuvers can be using diagnosis and treatment of patients with which rhythm? - Correct Answer-Supra ventricular tachycardia A patient who is in a narrow complex tachycardia of chest pain. You notice blood pressure is falling in the patient has an altered level of consciousness. Your next move is to - Correct Answer-Sedate the patient then perform a synchronized cardioversion True or false all bradycardias with a rate under 50 should be given .5 mg of atropine - Correct Answer-False pg. 27 professoraxe l Pulse oximeter readings can be affected by all of the following except - Correct Answer-Asthma medication Rescue inhalers are usually - Correct Answer-bronchodilators Asthma is a disease of - Correct Answer-Bronchoconstruction True or false, LMA is the most ideal, preferred method of airway maintenance - Correct Answer-Flase Asthma medication include all of the following below except - Correct Answer-A (alpha) agonist Ideally, patient should stop smoking how long before an elective surgical procedure? - Correct Answer-8 weeks Normal adult should have a pulse oximeter reading of at least what percent on room air? - Correct Answer-96% Medication to treat bronchospasms are usually - Correct Answer-Beta agonist pg. 30 professoraxe l Protective reflex closure of the vocal cord is called a - Correct Answer-Laryngospasm Treatment of respiratory depression from an overdose of narcotics and benzodiazepines are ___ and ___. - Correct Answer-Naloxone (narcan) flumazenil Symptoms of hyper ventilation are caused by? - Correct Answer-The decrease in blood carbon dioxide Treatment of emesis is to turn the patient to the - Correct Answer-Right The crowing sound indicating laryngospasm is called - Correct Answer-stridor What is the normal blood glucose level ? - Correct Answer-70- 100 What is the function of insulin? - Correct Answer-To drive glucose into the cells pg. 31 professoraxe l What is the function of glucagon? - Correct Answer-To release glucose from the cells into the bloodstream What are symptoms of diabetes? - Correct Answer-Polyphagia (Always hungry), polydyspea (always thirsty), polyuria (frequent urination) What is endocrinology? - Correct Answer-It's the study of glands that secrete hormones that regulate the body Where is insulin produced? - Correct Answer-pancreas What does the thyroid do? - Correct Answer-Produces hormones that control metabolism and growth What is the danger of doing surgery on a patient who is adrenally suppressed? - Correct Answer-They may experience a drop in blood pressure and shock What is the problem with performing surgery on a patient whose blood sugar is too high - Correct Answer-They will have difficulty with wound healing pg. 32 professoraxe l Your patient is really nervous. You probably want to give this patient and anesthetic agent targeted at - Correct Answer-The center of emotion Normally, a nerve cell is POLARIZED. This means: - Correct Answer-There are more positive ions on the outside of the cell membrane and more negative ions on the inside of the cell. Increase in salvation is due to stimulation of the - Correct Answer-Parasympathetic system The main organ that illuminates the drug is the - Correct Answer-Kidney The stimulus for respiration is - Correct Answer-Increase in carbon dioxide levels The main organ that process is the anesthetic drugs and changes the chemical structure of the drug is the - Correct Answer-Liver pg. 35 professoraxe l Anesthetic agents act by - Correct Answer-Interfering with the depolarization of the membrane The actions of benzodiazepines is two - Correct Answer-Relax and sedate the patient The function of narcotics is to - Correct Answer-Minimize or eliminate pain Steroids are used to - Correct Answer-decrease swelling and inflammation Simply shutting off nitrous oxide and allowing patient to breathe room air can result in - Correct Answer-Diffusion hypoxia The most rapid an effective method of administration of drugs - Correct Answer-Intravenously True or false morphine is stronger than fentanyl - Correct Answer-False pg. 36 professoraxe l Brevital is classified as a - Correct Answer-Barbiturate Ketamine is classified as a - Correct Answer-Dissociative anesthetic True or false propofol can cause respiratory depression - Correct Answer-True Which category of patients will usually require more propofol - Correct Answer-children and women Contradictions for the use of propofol include allergy to - Correct Answer-Eggs and soy Early signs of a local anesthetic overdose include: - Correct Answer-Anxiety, talkative, disoriented Acetaminophen Toxicity affects which organ - Correct Answer- Liver Propofol is classified as a - Correct Answer-Sedative Hypnotic pg. 37 professoraxe l True or false it is possible to see a normal sinus rhythm on an EKG but the patient does not have a pulse - Correct Answer- True The drug of choice to speed up the heart in a symptomatic bradycardia is - Correct Answer-Atropine Example of vagal maneuver is - Correct Answer-Have the patient bear down as if they are having a bowel movement The cause of syncope is: - Correct Answer-Slow heart rate and blood pressure Treatment for syncope is - Correct Answer-Oxygen, trendelenburg If a diabetic patient takes their medications as usual the morning of surgery, we would worry about - Correct Answer- Hypoglycemia Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system will result in - Correct Answer-Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure pg. 40 professoraxe l somatic nervous system - Correct Answer-The part of the nervous system that controls the voluntary movements of the human body such as lifting a weight. autonomic nervous system - Correct Answer-The part of the nervous system that controls the "automatic" functions of the human body such as the beating of your heart. What organs are related to the autonomic system? - Correct Answer-Heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, blood vessels, pupils, and salivary glands What functions does the autonomic system do? - Correct Answer-Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, digestion, metabolism; water/electrolyte balance, production of body fluids, urination, defecation. Parasympathetic - Correct Answer-"Rest and digest" allows body to refuel/recover pg. 41 professoraxe l What are neurotransmitters? - Correct Answer-These are chemical "messengers" that communicate within the autonomic nervous system. sympathetic - Correct Answer-"Fight or flight" how we react to stressful situations. What are the main neurotransmitters? - Correct Answer- Acetylcholine, epinephrine What does the parasympathetic nervous system use? Therefore it is sometimes called the ____ system - Correct Answer-acetylcholine; cholingeric What does the sympathetic nervous system use? It is sometimes called the ___ system. - Correct Answer- Norepinephrine; adrenergic What are the types of sympathetic receptors? - Correct Answer-Alpha, beta 1 and beta 2 Alpha receptors are on what? - Correct Answer-Blood vessels pg. 42 professoraxe l what can vasovagal syncope be triggered by? - Correct Answer-Sight of blood, or extreme stress, standing in place for long periods of time, heat exposure, straining. Episodes usually Last less than a minute and resolve without treatment. What type of drug is atropine? - Correct Answer- Parasympatholytic drug (counters the effects of the parasympathetic system. The heart is divided into four chambers, the two upper chambers are the? - Correct Answer-Atria/atrium The heart is divided into four chambers, the two lower chambers are the? - Correct Answer-Ventricles The tricuspid valve is located where? - Correct Answer- Between the right atrium and the right ventricle The mitral valve is located where? - Correct Answer-between left atrium and left ventricle pg. 45 professoraxe l The pulmonic valve lies in the what? - Correct Answer- Pulmonary artery The aortic valve lies in the what? - Correct Answer-The Aorta What is the function of the heart? - Correct Answer-The heart is the most powerful muscle in the body, which pumps blood through blood vessels to provide the body with oxygen. How does the heart pump in an atrial contraction? - Correct Answer-The atria squeezes the blood into the ventricles. Tricuspid and mitral valves open. Aortic and pulmonic valves close. How does the heart pump in ventricular contraction? - Correct Answer-Both ventricles are filled with blood. Ventricles squeeze blood into the pulmonary artery and the aorta, pulmonic and aortic valves open, tricuspid and mitral valves close. What's the pathway of blood through the heart on the right side? - Correct Answer-Superior and inferior vena cava, right pg. 46 professoraxe l atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic valve, pulmonary artery, to the lungs. What's the pathway of blood through the heart on the left side? - Correct Answer-Pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta to the rest of the body Superior and inferior Venna cava bring deoxygenated blood from where? - Correct Answer-From the body to the right atrium The pulmonary artery takes deoxygenated blood from where? - Correct Answer-From the right ventricle to the lungs. The pulmonary vein takes newly oxygenated blood from where? - Correct Answer-From the lungs to the left atrium. The aorta takes oxygenated blood from where? - Correct Answer-From the left ventricle to the rest of the body. How do arteries and veins connect? - Correct Answer-They connect through the capillary pg. 47 professoraxe l What are some causes of hypotension? - Correct Answer- Excessive anesthesia, allergic reactions, myocardial infarction, cardiac dysrhythmias, sepsis What is something we can do for hypotension? - Correct Answer-Lay patient is supine, fluid challenge, ephedrine or phenylephrine Systole - Correct Answer-Measures the pressure that blood experts on the arteries while the heart is beating Diastole - Correct Answer-Measures the pressure that blood exerts on the arteries while the heart is at rest Parasympathetic nervous system + acetylcholine = cholingeric system - Correct Answer- sympathetic nervous system + norepinephrine = adrenergic system - Correct Answer- P wave - Correct Answer-atrial depolarization pg. 50 professoraxe l P-Q wave segment. - Correct Answer-The time the signals traveled from the SA nodes to the AV nodes. Q wave - Correct Answer-depolarization of the interventricular septum QRS complex - Correct Answer-ventricular depolarization R wave - Correct Answer-ventricular depolarization S wave - Correct Answer-last phase of ventricular depolarization at the base of the heart S to at segment - Correct Answer-Ventricles contract and conduct blood T wave - Correct Answer-ventricular repolarization Tachycardia - Correct Answer-When the heart rate is over 100 bpm pg. 51 professoraxe l Bradycardia - Correct Answer-slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm) fibrillation - Correct Answer-Heart quivers Asystole - Correct Answer-Heart stops arrhythmia - Correct Answer-Means that there is no rhythm Dysrthymia - Correct Answer-Abnormal heart rhythm normal sinus rhythm - Correct Answer-60-100 bpm The first medication for a patient in ventricular fibrillation is - Correct Answer-Epinephrine 1mg iv You come upon a patient who you have determined is not breathing and has no pulse. Your next move is to - Correct Answer-Start chest compressions pg. 52 professoraxe l