Oral Histology and Embryology- Final review exam, Exams of Nursing

Download Oral Histology and Embryology- Final review exam and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Oral Histology and

Embryology- Final review

exam

4 primary tissue types - answer ✅✅-epithelial -neural -connective tissue -muscle The first brachial arch is also known as what? How is it joined together? - answer ✅✅-mandibular arch -joined by fusion Fusion - answer ✅✅-merging of tissues-most of the face is developed this way. Where do the maxillary processes come from? - answer ✅✅- the first brachial arch, mandibular arch What is the second brachial arch called? - answer ✅✅-hyoid arch

Which cartilage came from the first arch? - answer ✅✅- meckels Which cartilage came from the second arch? - answer ✅✅- reicherts Meckels cartilage forms what? Through what process? - answer ✅✅-the mandible -endochondral ossification What do the maxillary processes have to fuse with on the outside to prevent the formation of a cleft lip? internally and externally what do the medial nasal processes fuse to form? - answer ✅✅-medial nasal processes -medial nasal processes have to fuse to form to create the philtrum-externally. Internally they fuse to form the primary palate. Where did the lateral palatine shelves come from? When they fuse in the middle its going to help form what?

• answer ✅✅-maxillary processes -secondary palate Epiblasts turn into what? - answer ✅✅-ectoderm

Hypoblasts turn into what? - answer ✅✅-endoderm What has to occur for palatal elevation to occur? Palatine shelves come from where, and fuse to form? - answer ✅✅-the tongue has to move -maxillary process-secondary palate Salivary glands* new stuff where are the taste buds located? (circumvallate papilla) - answer ✅✅-epithelium known as the ducts of von ebner and salivary glands of von ebner and its a serous secretion How do we classify the major salivary glands? - answer ✅✅- on secretions -mixed-submandiublar -mucous-sublingual -serous-parotid Von Ebner corresponds with what type of secretion? - answer ✅✅-serous gemination - answer ✅✅-a tooth that tries to split fusion - answer ✅✅-union of two adjacent tooth germs enamel pearl - answer ✅✅-sphere on enamel root

dens in dente - answer ✅✅-folds into tooth, creates groove Hydrodynamic theory - answer ✅✅-theory of how the tooth processes pain from exposed dentin even though it doesn't have nerves, come through the tubules Mucoperiosteum is located where in the palate? - answer ✅✅-on the midline, clinically known as the median palatine raphe, skeletally known as the mid palatine suture. Missing the submucosa here. ONLY HAS LAMINA PROPRIA Filiform does not have taste buds so its function is only what? - answer ✅✅-mechanical Circumvallate papilla are located on the? - answer ✅✅- sulcus terminalis Structures that actually secrete the saliva are known as the? - answer ✅✅-acini If you needed to break down carbohydrates you'd need? - answer ✅✅-amylase What kind of muscle is located in the tongue? - answer ✅✅- striated or voluntary Papilla is filled with what kind of connective tissue? - answer ✅✅-lamina propria

Demilune correspond with what gland? What kind of secretion does it have? - answer ✅✅- submandibular (purple and clear) -mixed Which is the clear gland? What does it secrete? - answer ✅✅-sublingual -mucous Adipose cells would most likely be in which gland? - answer ✅✅-parotid (dark purple) -think cheeks Connective tissue runs between what? - answer ✅✅-lobules, where the fibroblasts are also known as septa Which gland is cuboidal? - answer ✅✅-intercalated- smaller Which gland is columnar? - answer ✅✅-striated- larger Lining - answer ✅✅-nonkeratinized layers: lamina propria, and submucosa - always covers: buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, ventral surfaces of the tongue, alveolar mucosa and is mixed salivary glands are present

Masticatory - answer ✅✅-parakeratinized, orthokeratinzed covers: hard palate, and does not have submucosa! Layers of the pulp zone - answer ✅✅-odontoblast *outer layer -cell free *contains capillary plexus -cell rich *high cell density -pulp core *contains major vessels Neurons which part takes the signal away and which takes it to? - answer ✅✅-axon (away) -dendrite (toward) Epithelium is? - answer ✅✅avascular, nutrition comes from the vascular tissue below What kind of epithelium lines the oral cavity? - answer ✅✅- stratified squamous epithelium What is contained in the basal layer of the basement membrane? What is below that? - answer ✅✅-lamina lucida -lamina densa -reticular lamina First dense connective tissue layer is known as?

The loose second layer is known as? - answer ✅✅-lamina propria -submucosa Cells attach to themselves by what? They attach to the basement membrane by what? - answer ✅✅-desmosomes -hemidesmosomes Skin is known as what instead of epithelium, and the layers below are known as? - answer ✅✅-epidermis -dermis (dense layer below) -hypodermis (loose layer under) Five connective tissue categories are? - answer ✅✅- connective tissue proper -loose with special properties -cartilage -bone -blood Cartilage is? - answer ✅✅-avascular The nourishment for the cartilage comes from? - answer ✅✅-perichondrium

What is the difference between compact and cancellous bone? - answer ✅✅-compact has the haversion systems Matrix (cartilage or bone) is secreted how? - answer ✅✅- appositionally -layer by layer Cartilage that is caught in the matrix once the chondrocytes have gone through mitosis develop by? - answer ✅✅-interstitial growth Bone always forms how? what are the two different ways that can occur? - answer ✅✅-appositional -can form from cartilage which is known as endochondral -or from mesoderm directly which is known as intermembernous Osteons come from which kind of bone? - answer ✅✅- compact Layers of the arteries - answer ✅✅-endothelium -internal elastic layer -smooth muscle layer -external elastic layer -connective tissue layer Which blood cell is first to an injury site? - answer ✅✅- neutrophil

Lymphocyte turns into what, and produces what? - answer ✅✅- B or T cells, and the B cell produces the plasma cells which secrete antibodies or immunoglobulins Muscle- what are the contractile elements? - answer ✅✅- actin and myosin Striated muscles are also known as? Where are the nuclei located on the striated muscle? On a smooth muscle the nuclei would be located where? - answer ✅✅-voluntary -on the outer edge -in the inside List the muscles - answer ✅✅-skeletal -smooth -cardiac What lines the oral cavity? - answer ✅✅-oral epithelium What help forms and fills the dental lamina? - answer ✅✅- epithelium Epithelium in the front of the mouth from the circumvallate papilla is forward, what germ layer is this originated from? - answer ✅✅-ectoderm

-skin, nails and hair and urinary tract What germ layer did the back portion of the oral cavity develop from? - answer ✅✅-endoderm What germ layer does the dental lamina come from? - answer ✅✅-ectoderm or oral epithelium The basement membrane separates what in the tooth bud? - answer ✅✅-epithelium and the mesenchyme Bell stage forms which 4 layers of the enamel organ? - answer ✅✅-IEE-ameloblasts -stellate reticulm -stratum intermedium -OEE What came from mesechmye? - answer ✅✅-dental papilla - dental (outer cells) and pulp (inner cells) -dental follicle- pdl, cementum, alveolar bone (peridontchium) Where does root development first occur? - answer ✅✅- cervical loop -where the oee and iee meet at the end and continues down to Hertwigs root sheath The successional tooth forms where in aspect to the primary tooth? - answer ✅✅-lingually

Dental follicle forms what? - answer ✅✅-peridonchium Which tissue was developed first? - answer ✅✅-dentin occurs first (predentin and dentin) What makes up a dental tubule? What walls it off? - answer ✅✅-the tube is made of peritubular dentin -schloritc walls off tubule Once dentin is produced what occurs? - answer ✅✅-enamel begins forming from ameloblasts Mature tooth questions* incremental lines of -enamel -dentin - answer ✅✅-striae of retzuis -lines of von ebner - hypo-mineralized areas in enamel (dark) NOT ALOT OF MINERALS - answer ✅✅-enamel tufts -DEJ CEJ relationships Cementum - answer ✅✅meet- 52%

don't meet- 33% overlap- 15% Sharpeys fibers insert at? - answer ✅✅-90 degrees Spindels - answer ✅✅-projection of odontoblasts that cross into the enamel (little trees) Enamel prisms run how? - answer ✅✅-perpendicular Enamel organ collapses and forms what? What does this eventually become? - answer ✅✅-REE -junctional epithelium Primary dentin makes up? Secondary dentin makes up, and also forms what? - answer ✅✅-the largest portion and its a lot thicker -smaller portion -tertiary (reparative dentin) What are the layers of the primary dentin, and secondary dentin? - answer ✅✅-primary include mantel 1st and circumpulpal 2nd -seconday include tertiary-reparative What mineral is inorganic? - answer ✅✅-calcium hydroxyapatite

What makes up organic minerals? - answer ✅✅-fibers, ground substance -collagen mostly -cell-fibroblasts Tomes- - answer ✅✅-outside of root dentin under the cementum Acellular cementum is located where? Cellular cementum is located where? - answer ✅✅-cervical part of the tooth -apical part of the tooth A dead tract is filled with? - answer ✅✅-air, and its dark Leeway space - answer ✅✅-size differentiation between the primary and and permanent molars Free gingival groove - answer ✅✅-separates attached and free gingiva Free gingiva - answer ✅✅- interface between sulcular epithelium and epithelium of the oral cavity, also known as the crest of the marginal gingiva Attached gingiva - answer ✅✅-attached to the neck of the tooth by junctional epithelium

Mucogingival junction - answer ✅✅-separates the attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa Alveolar mucosa - answer ✅✅-mucosa between the surface of the gums and lips Incremental lines are created from the cells doing what? - answer ✅✅-stopping and resting Three parts of the tooth germ are: - answer ✅✅-enamel organ -dental papilla -dental follicle What common would be most common in a cell rich zone? - answer ✅✅-fibroblasts Caniliculi look like? - answer ✅✅-spiral like extensions -spider legs