PACKRAT 1 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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PACKRAT 1 Exam Questions With 100%

Correct Answers 2024

What is the most specific diagnostic test for PUD? - Correct Answer-Endoscopy A patient complains of a rash on his palms and sole. He has a fever and chills. In conversation he mentions a strange painless chancre he had a few weeks ago. What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Secondary syphilis. This is the most contagious stage. A patient present with watery bilateral discharge from the eyes and nontender preauricular adenopathy what is the most likely diagnosis? what is the most common pathogen? - Correct Answer-viral conjunctivitis, adenovirus What is the first line treatment for pertussis? - Correct Answer-Erythromycin A patient presents with a painful ipsilateral third nerve palsy. what is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Posterior communicating artery aneurysm (PcomA)

Your attending asks you to come and see an excellent example of Hutchinson's sign. What diagnosis does the patient have? - Correct Answer-Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus After 7 days of sinusitis what antibiotic would you start? - Correct Answer-Amoxicillin or Bactrim What is the most common cause of CHF? - Correct Answer- Coronary artery disease What antibiotic class of choice for chlamydia? - Correct Answer-Macrolides A surge in what hormone leads to ovulation? - Correct Answer-Luteinizing hormone As a part of antepartum testing a baby has a positive stress test. what does that mean? - Correct Answer-They have had 2 heart rate accelerations in a 20 min period of 15 beats above baseline for at least 15 seconds....This is a good thing

What organism is most common cause of pneumonia in the patient with cystic fibrosis? - Correct Answer-Pseudomonas Propranolol belongs to what class of medications? - Correct Answer-Beta blockers Grape-like vesicles or sack of grapes on ultrasound should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer- Hydatidiform mole List three positive symptoms of schizophrenia. - Correct Answer-Hallucinations, delusions, movement disorders What is pertussis more commonly referred to as? - Correct Answer-Whooping cough Name three medications "classes" which are indicated for reduction in LDL? - Correct Answer-statins, ezetimibe, niacin, and nicotinic acid Treatment for stasis dermatitis. - Correct Answer-Compression stockings

A 95y.o. female present to the ER after a fall in her home. Her left leg is shortened and externally rotated. What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-hip fracture Yellow, brown fleshy mass on the conjunctiva that does not interfere with vision? - Correct Answer-Pinguecula Is an upper respiratory infection that includes hoarseness most likely bacterial or viral? - Correct Answer-Viral Tenderness over the anatomical snuffbox is indicative of what fracture? - Correct Answer-Scaphoid If you have heartburn that does not improve with medication what is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer- Gastrinoma Steatorrhea should make you think of which diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Pancreatitis

Describe the Barlow's test. - Correct Answer-Adduct and internal rotation of the hips What two viral hepatitis infections are self limiting? - Correct Answer-Hep A & Hep E What is the most common organism that causes bladder infection - Correct Answer-E. coli Where are Heberden's nodes found? - Correct Answer-Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) What is the leading cause of deficiency anemia? - Correct Answer-E. coli A 65yo male presents with frequency. On digital rectal exam you feel an elastic moderately enlarged prostate. What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-BPH What is the most common fracture in a patient with osteoporosis? - Correct Answer-A compression fracture of the vertebral body followed by hip fracture

At approximately how many weeks pregnant is the uterus at the level of the umbilicus? - Correct Answer-20 weeks Following an MI, what medication should you be using to treat hypertension? - Correct Answer-Beta blocker A COPD patient has apical cavities and calcified nodes on his CXR. You also discover he has a pet bat and a few birds what is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Histoplasmosis Since a Genetic cause is the MC reason for primary amenorrhea what is one important test? - Correct Answer- Karyotype What is the name for the triangular or wedge shaped growth on the conjunctiva that may interfere with vision? - Correct Answer-Pterygium Scleroderma has five main characteristics for which the CREST acronym is often used. What are those five things? - Correct Answer-Calcinosis Raynaud's

Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia What CXR finding might make you think of mesothelioma? - Correct Answer-Pleural thickening (80% found in the pleural lining) You recommend bisphosphonates for a patient with osteoporosis. what instructions do you giver her immediately after taking the medication? - Correct Answer-remain upright for 30 minutes With a gastric ulcer are the patient's symptoms exacerbated or relieved with food? - Correct Answer-Exacerbated Which EKG leads are used to diagnose an anterior wall MI? - Correct Answer-V1, V2, & V A patient presents to the ER with chest pain. EKG shows diffuse ST elevations in almost all leads. What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Pericarditis

A 45yo female complains of feeling the ground rolling under her feet at times. What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-vertigo At what BMI would a patient be hospitalized for anorexia? - Correct Answer-BMI of <17.5 or 20% below appropriate body weight How do fibrates work to affect the lipid profile? - Correct Answer-They inhibit the synthesis of VLDL & elevate lipoprotein lipase Describe Courvoisier's sign. - Correct Answer-Nontender, palpable gallbladder with may indicate pancreatic neoplasm When is the typical onset of Tourette's syndrome? - Correct Answer-3-8 years old You are treating a patient for TB. He has noticed that his body fluids now have an orange tint. what drug is most like causing this? - Correct Answer-Rifampin

Will evidence of TB be seen more frequently in the upper or lower lung lobes on CXR? - Correct Answer-Upper List three causes of decreased tactile fremitus. - Correct Answer-COPD, Asthma, pleural effusion, pneumothorax At approximately how many weeks pregnant is the uterus at the level of the symphysis pubis? - Correct Answer-12 weeks what are the ABC's of Melanoma? - Correct Answer- Asymmetry, border, color, diameter, elevation/irregularity, evolving What life threatening side effect do statins have? - Correct Answer-Rhabdomyolysis What two hormones are recreated by the posterior pituitary?

• Correct Answer-Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) Define paphimosis. - Correct Answer-Foreskin that is retracted and cannot be reduced

Borderline personality disorder is on the border of what two psychological disorders? - Correct Answer-neurosis & psychosis Does FEV1 go up or down with asthma? - Correct Answer-goes down A biphasic P wave should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-L atrial enlargement What is the treatment for tetanus infections? - Correct Answer-PCN, immune globulin, & supportive care (esp. respiratory support) What are the genetic characteristics of Wilson's disease? - Correct Answer-Autosomal recessive, chromosome 13 How does Metformin work? - Correct Answer-Decreases the hepatic glucose production and increases peripheral glucose uptake

Where is disease of the tricuspid valve best heard? - Correct Answer-Left lower sternal border Giant cells on Tzanck smear should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-HSV A positive Finkelstein's Test indicates what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-de Quervain's tenosynovitis You have a patient with diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. While waiting for surgery, should you use an alpha blocker or a beta blocker? - Correct Answer-Alpha blocker. You should never use a pure beta blocker. What medication is used for patients with lupus? - Correct Answer-Systemic steroids Bloody stool with cysts and trophozoites should make you think of which diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Amebiasis Pearly dome-shaped lesion with a central umbilication should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer- Molluscum Contagiousum

What is an Xray finding that supports diagnosis of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis? - Correct Answer-Ice cream falling of the cone An opening snap on auscultation of the heart should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-mitral stenosis Eggshell opacities on the CXR should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Silicosis How much fiber should you normally get in a day? - Correct Answer-~30 grams How long should symptoms occur before diagnosing schizophrenia? - Correct Answer-at least 6 months What is the normal pH of blood? - Correct Answer-7.35 - 7. To be diagnosed with ADD patients must exhibit symptoms before what age? - Correct Answer-7 y.o.

What are the three major criteria for endocarditis? - Correct Answer-2 positive blood cultures, a positive transesophageal echo, new murmur What is the treatment of cholera? - Correct Answer-Fluids Which lipid management may cause flushing? - Correct Answer-Niacin A patient believes she is pregnant. You notice that her cervix appears a little blue. What is the name of this sign? - Correct Answer-Chadwick's sign A sudden Thunderclap headache should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Subarachnoid hematoma what is the treatment of pertussis? - Correct Answer- Erythromycin x 7days what are the two most common causes of epididymitis? - Correct Answer-Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia

Under normal conditions at what hemoglobin level would you begin to consider a transfusion? - Correct Answer- A patient presents with acute swelling and pain in the cheek that increases at meals. what is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Sialadenitis (salivary gland infection)- S. aureus What kind is the most common in endometrial cancer? - Correct Answer-75% are adenocarcinomas What characteristics of pelvic inflammatory disease will help differentiate it in a question from ectopic pregnancy, appendicitis, ovarian torsion, and ovarian cyst? - Correct Answer-it will be bilateral pain. Most other common abdominal complaints have unilateral pain A blockage of which artery causes a lateral wall MI? - Correct Answer-L circumflex artery what are two tocolytic medications you should be aware of? - Correct Answer-Magnesium sulfate & Calcium Channel Blockers

Vision loss described as a curtain coming down should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Retinal detachment Carpel Tunnel affects what nerve & what parts of the hand? - Correct Answer-Median nerve & thumb, pointer, and ring finger - Thenar wasting is a sign of advanced disease Define phimosis. - Correct Answer-Foreskin that can not be retracted An HIV patient with a nonproductive cough and a CXR showing diffuse interstitial infiltrates. What is most likely the diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Pneumocystic jiroveci pneumonia Loop diuretics cause hyperkalemia or hypokalemia? - Correct Answer-Hypokalemia White blood cell casts should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Pyelonephritis

A young boy comes into your office. he has elevated BP when taken in his arm, but no femoral pulses can be palpated. what is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Coarctation of aorta Oral herpes is best treated with systemic or topical antivirals?

• Correct Answer-topical is first line. Systemic are indicated for severe cases. What medication class is used to lower triglycerides? - Correct Answer-Fibric acid derivatives List the four cluster B personality disorders. - Correct Answer- antisocial borderline histrionic narcissistic An 82y.o. patient complains of headaches of headaches and jaw claudication. What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Giant cell (temporal) arteritis

What specific breathing patterns is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis? - Correct Answer-Kussmaul respirations What is Reynold's pentad and why does it matter? - Correct Answer-abdominal pain, fever, jaundice (chariot's triad) + hypotension + AMS. Indicates high risk of sepsis What class of antibiotics is sometimes prescribed specifically for its effects on increasing GI motility? - Correct Answer- Macrolides A patient to the ER in acute CHF. What drug class will likely be the first choice? - Correct Answer-Loop diuretics define priapism - Correct Answer-Painful persistant erection Are the ulcers from arterial insufficiency painful or painless? - Correct Answer-Painful An African American female presents with a molar as and a positive double-stranded DNA antibody. what is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-LUPUS

A patient presents with a ruptured Achilles tendon. He states that he recently was in the hospital for a "blood infection and on a ton of antibiotics" what antibiotic class may he have been on? - Correct Answer-Flouroquinolones Clue cells make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer- Bacterial vaginosis Which medication is worse to give to a pediatric patient, tetracycline or a aminoglycoside? - Correct Answer- Tetracycline- teeth staining How lone after a radiant energy burn do symptoms typically show? - Correct Answer-6-12 hours What dermatological finding is associated with insulin insensitivity? - Correct Answer-Acanthosis nigricans White curd vaginal discharge would make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-vaginal candida infections

In sickle cell microcytic, macrocytic, or normocytic? - Correct Answer-Microcytic Tapioca blisters should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Dyshidrosis eczema- usually on hands and feet A college student presents with a little purulent drainage from one eye and contender priauricular lymphadenopathy. What diagnosis should you be thinking? - Correct Answer-Chlamydia conjunctivitis when is it recommended to start pap smears? - Correct Answer-guidelines suggest beginning at age 21 regardless of sexual history at what age is primary amenorrhea diagnosed? - Correct Answer-Age 14 is no secondary sex characteristic. Age 16 if some secondary development What is the name for the 4th and 5th metacarpal fractures that often result from throwing a punch? - Correct Answer- Boxer's fracture

what is the medical term for a lazy eye? - Correct Answer- Amblyopa What tests are done to screen for HIV? - Correct Answer-ELISA and then if the positive diagnosis is confirmed with a western blot test A herald patch should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Pityriasis rosea Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) may be given to children above what age? - Correct Answer-1 y.o. A 30y.o. female presents with pustules on her face that spare the vermillion border. In her history she has been using topical steroids. What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer- Perioral dermatitis What does ERCP stand for? - Correct Answer-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Define pellagra - Correct Answer-Niacin (B3)deficiency cytomegalovirus Where is the disease of the mitral valve best heard? - Correct Answer-At the apex At how many weeks of pregnancy can chorionic villus sampling be done? - Correct Answer-10-13 weeks What is the most common infection following a C-section? - Correct Answer-metritis You have a patient with PCOS who would like to get pregnant. What are two medications you may start her on? - Correct Answer-Metformin & Clomid What is the most useful physical exam test for diagnosing an ACL tear? - Correct Answer-Lachman's, followed by anterior drawer The term philadelphia chromosome should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Chronic myeloid leukemia

What two lung cancers are typically found centrally on CXR? - Correct Answer-small cell & squamous cell Honey and babies should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Botulism Anatomically where are 80% of clavicle fractures located? - Correct Answer-middle third what molecule binds iron in the blood stream? - Correct Answer-Transferrin what is the medical term for cross-eyed? - Correct Answer- Strabismus Fruity breath should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Diabetic Ketoacidosis An RSR prime in in leads V5 or V6 should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-L bundle branch block

What dermatologic finding is associated with asthma? - Correct Answer-atopic dermatitis A child presents with painful ulcers in his mouth. On physical exam you find more of the same type of ulcers on his feet and hands. What virus is most likely causing these symptoms? - Correct Answer-Coxsackie virus An endoscopy for presumed esophagitis shows multiple shallow ulcers. What is the most likely diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Herpes simplex virus A snowstorm appearance on US should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Hydatidform mole List two risk factors for prostate cancer - Correct Answer- advancing age, African America, positive family history, high fat diet Zanamivir (Relenza) may be given to children above what age?

• Correct Answer-7 years old

At what age should a child begin to feed himself? - Correct Answer-6 months What type of mosquitoes carry malaria? - Correct Answer- Anopheles What is the most likely diagnosis for a young man who experiences sudden death while playing sports? - Correct Answer-Hypotrophic cardiomyopathy What is the treatment for brown recluse spider bite? - Correct Answer-Debridement, the venom causes tissue necrosis what antibiotic is the first line treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia? - Correct Answer-A macrolide (azithromycin or erythromycin) Decreased GABA and substance P should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Huntington's What is the most common thyroid cancer? - Correct Answer- Papillary makes up 80% of thyroid cancers

Currant jelly still should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Intussusception (late stage) Melasma is most often found in what patient population? - Correct Answer-Women of childbearing age Paradoxical pulses may be found in what pulmonary disorder?

• Correct Answer-Asthma A barrel chest should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Emphysema A physical exam revealing a retroverted uterus or uterosacral ligament nodularity should make you think of what diagnosis?
• Correct Answer-Endometriosis Dullness to percussion should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Lobar pneumonia A positive Auspitz sign should make you think of what diagnosis? - Correct Answer-Psoriasis