PADI Open Water Diver Certification,Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024.Definite Suc, Exams of Sociology

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SCUBA - Correct answer Self contained underwater breathing apparatus…

What is the pressure change for each 10m/33ft of depth change? - Correct answer 1 bar/1 ata/ atmosphere

What is the relationship between my depth in water and the pressure? - Correct answer The deeper you go in water, the more the pressure increases Pressure is expressed as the weight of air

What is the relationship between pressure, and the volume and the density of air? - Correct answer As pressure increases, the gas volume decreases and the gas density increases

If I take a volume of air from one depth to another depth, how much will the volume and density change? - Correct answer Volume will be 1/ata# Density will be ata#

What 3 major body air spaces does increasing pressure affect as I descend? - Correct answer Ears, sinuses, mask

What is a "squeeze"? - Correct answer The discomfort caused by pressure imbalance pulling tissue into the air space

What is "equalization"? - Correct answer The addition of air to your air spaces as you descend

How do I equalize as I descend? - Correct answer For ears and sinuses, pinch your nose and blow gently, or wiggle your jaw and swallow For mask, blow into it with nose

How often should I equalize? - Correct answer Every meter/few feet, BEFORE you feel discomfort

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What should I do if I can't equalize? - Correct answer Stop your descent, signal problem and point to your ear, ascend a bit, and try again

What can happen if I don't or can't equalize gently and keep descending? - Correct answer Fluid can rupture the eardrum Bruising around the face can occur

Why does a congestion from a cold or allergy temporarily keep me from diving? - Correct answer Congestion might block normal air flow, making equalization difficult or impossible

Why should I never dive with earplugs? - Correct answer They create air spaces that you can't equalize

What other body air spaces are affected by increasing pressure? How do I equalize them? - Correct answer In filled teeth - go to a dentist In a dry suit - learn from an instructor Lungs - breathe normally and continuously

What is the most important rule in scuba diving? - Correct answer Breathe continuously and never hold your breath

What can happen if I don't follow the most important rule in scuba diving? - Correct answer Your lungs will over expand and rupture

What is a "reverse block"? - Correct answer When expanding air becomes trapped in your body air spaces as you ascend

What should I do if I feel discomfort in my ears, sinuses, stomach, intestines, or teeth while ascending? - Correct answer Stop your ascent and descend a meter/few feet to reduce discomfort and give trapped air time to work its way out

How does depth affect how long my air supply lasts? - Correct answer The deeper you are, the more dense air you breathe, and the faster you use the air in your cylinder. Compared to the surface, air supply lasts 1/#ata as long along with other factors

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What's the most efficient way to breathe dense air underwater? - Correct answer Take slow, deep breaths

How do I breathe to reduce anxiety when under stress? - Correct answer Do NOT breathe faster - keep breathing slowly

What are my 4 breathing rules as a scuba diver? - Correct answer 1. Breathe continuously and never hold your breath

2. Breathe slowly and deeply
3. Don't allow yourself to get winded or out of breath
4. If faced with a problem, stop, and reduce anxiety by breathing slowly and deeply

What is buoyancy? - Correct answer An upward force acting on an object in the water, canceling the pull of gravity

What causes buoyancy? - Correct answer The upwards force is caused by the water displaced by the object, and is equal to the weight of displaced water

positive buoyancy - Correct answer The object weighs less than the water it displaces, so it floats

neutral buoyancy - Correct answer The object weighs the same as the water it displaces, neither sinking nor floating

negative buoyancy - Correct answer The object weighs more than the water it displaces, so it sinks

Why does salt water cause more buoyancy than fresh water? - Correct answer It has dissolved minerals in it, so a given volume weighs more than fresh water

What 2 pieces of equipment do I normally use to control buoyancy? - Correct answer The weight system and the BCD (buoyancy control device)

How does descending affect my buoyancy? - Correct answer The volume decreases, reducing buoyancy, so you ADD air to the BC

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How does ascending affect my buoyancy? - Correct answer The volume increases, adding buoyancy, so you RELEASE air from the BC

How does breathing affect my buoyancy? - Correct answer Inhaling adds, exhaling reduces

What is the buddy system? - Correct answer Diving with another diver

What are the 3 most important considerations in choosing scuba equipment? - Correct answer Suitability, fit, and comfort

How do I generally care for scuba equipment? - Correct answer Rinse everything in fresh water and dry it in the shade and store in a cool, dry place

Why do I need a mask? - Correct answer It provides an air space so your eyes can focus because light behaves differently underwater

Why does my mask need to enclose my nose? - Correct answer Because the mask creates an air space, you need your nose to blow in it to equalize it

Why do I need a snorkel? - Correct answer It saves your air supply while your face is in the water

What are 2 basic fin styles? - Correct answer Full-foot and adjustable strap

What consists of your scuba kit? - Correct answer Buoyancy control device, regulator, air cylinder, weight system

What 5 components make up a BCD? - Correct answer Inflatable bladder, harness/jacket and cylinder band, low pressure inflator (LPI) mechanism, overpressure/quick dump exhaust valve, weight system

inflatable bladder - Correct answer Controls buoyancy

harness/jacket and cylinder band - Correct answer Holds cylinder on back

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low pressure inflator (LPI) mechanism - Correct answer Inflates bladder with air from your cylinder with the touch of a button

overpressure/quick dump exhaust valve - Correct answer Vents air if the bladder is overfilled

weight system - Correct answer Contain weight pockets that you release and drop in case of emergency

What 2 special maintenance considerations do BCDs have? - Correct answer Rinse the inside of the bladder with fresh water, and store them partially inflated to keep the bladder from sticking together

What 5 components make up a regulator? - Correct answer First stage, second stage, alternate air source, low pressure inflator (LPI) hose, submersible pressure gauge (SPG)

first stage - Correct answer Supplies air to all the other components, connecting to the cylinder valve by screw or clamp, reduces cylinder pressure to intermediate pressure (above surrounding pressure)

alternate air source - Correct answer An extra second stage you use for sharing air with a buddy Attaches in triangle area between chin and hips

second stage - Correct answer Reduces pressure to surrounding pressure, delivers air upon inhalation, vents exhalation Goes over right shoulder

low pressure inflator (LPI) hose - Correct answer Supplies air to your BCD inflator

submersible pressure gauge (SPG) - Correct answer Hose that tells you air pressure remaining in your cylinder Goes under left arm

What is the most important consideration in choosing a regulator? - Correct answer The ease of breathing

yoke system - Correct answer Holds first stage to cylinder with a clamp

DIN system - Correct answer Regulator screws into valve

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What 3 special maintenance considerations do regulators have? - Correct answer Rinse first stage individually, run water through second stage, have professional overhaul it about every year

What 2 components make up a scuba cylinder? - Correct answer The aluminum/steel container and the valve to control air flow

What is a burst disk? - Correct answer A safety device that relieves overpressure by rupturing and releasing air

What is the most important feature in my weight system? - Correct answer A quick release that will enable you to float with an uninflated BC

Why use more than 1 weight system? - Correct answer It will help distribute weight

trim - Correct answer The orientation and balance of a swimmer in the water - the ideal is horizontal

danger/hazard - Correct answer

okay - Correct answer

go up/end dive - Correct answer

something's wrong - Correct answer

down/descend - Correct answer

low on air - Correct answer

okay - Correct answer

distress/in trouble - Correct answer

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How does being underwater affect the apparent size or distance of things? - Correct answer Refraction occurs, where light changes direction, and things are magnified by 1/

How does water affect light intensity and color? - Correct answer It reflects, scatters, and absorbs light in the roygbiv order As you go deeper, it gets darker

How does hearing differ underwater? - Correct answer It travels faster and longer

How does water's density affect moving in water? - Correct answer It takes more energy the faster you try to swim

What is "airway control"? - Correct answer The skill of breathing past remaining water without drawing any into your throat after clearing your regulator/snorkel

What are 2 techniques for airway control? - Correct answer Inhaling slowly, looking down, and touching your tongue to the roof of your mouth as you inhale

What are 8 symptoms of overexertion while diving? - Correct answer Fatigue, labored breathing, a feeling of suffocation, weakness, anxiety, headaches, muscle cramping, and a tendency to panic

What should I do if I think I'm becoming overexerted at the surface and underwater? - Correct answer Stop all activity, signal your buddy, and rest

What points should a dive plan normally include? - Correct answer Agree on best entry/exit techniques, decide what course you'll follow, agree on maximum time and depth, review underwater signs, determine when you will head back, agree on how you'll stay together during the dive, establish what you'll do if you become separated, discuss emergency procedures

How do we conduct the predive safety check? - Correct answer Using Begin With Review And Friend (BWRAF)

BWRAF - Correct answer BCD, weight, releases, air, final check

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What do I do if I get separated from my buddy on a dive? - Correct answer Look for each other for no more than 1 minute, and then ascend to the surface if you can't find them

How do my buddy and I manage our air supply together while diving? - Correct answer Plan your dive around who breathes air the fastest. Subtract your reserve/ascent supply from your starting pressure to find out how much pressure you have for the main part of the dive To be safe, plan to use half your air coming down, and half coming back

What are the 5 steps for a proper descent with scuba? - Correct answer 1. Confirm that your buddy is ready

2. Orient yourself to something
3. Switch from your snorkel to your regulator
4. Check your dive computer/timer
5. Signal "descend" and slowly deflate your BCD

What are the 5 steps for a proper ascent with scuba? - Correct answer 1. Signal "up" and confirm that your buddy is ready

2. Check your dive computer/timer to be sure you're within dive limits
3. Look up and hold your BCD deflator hose
4. Ascend no slower than your dive computer's maximum rate
5. Look up, turn as you ascend, and stay with your buddy

What is the maximum ascent rate? - Correct answer 18 m/60 ft//min

What is a safety stop? - Correct answer A pause in your ascent between 6 m/20 ft and 3 m/10 ft to give your tissues extra time to release dissolved gases for at least 3 minutes

When would I not make a safety stop? - Correct answer When you're assisting a diver who has an air supply problem or if you're low on air

dive computer - Correct answer Tells you your time and depth underwater and guides you in keeping dissolved nitrogen in your body within accepted limits

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How do I measure/define visibility as a diver? - Correct answer The distance you can see horizontally underwater

What 4 principles affect visibility? - Correct answer Water movement, weather, plankton, bottom composition

When diving in a mild current, in what direction would I normally go? - Correct answer Swim slowly into the current so that when you turn the dive, the current will push you back to your exit point

What do I do if I'm caught in a current and am carried downstream from where I planned to dive or exit the water? - Correct answer Swim perpendicular to the current

What two things in the water affect a diver? - Correct answer The waves and current

What is assessing conditions based on? - Correct answer The weather, season, water motion, water appearance, reports online and from other divers, and dives made at similar sites

What should I do if I see a potentially aggressive animal underwater? - Correct answer Remain still and calm. Swim away if you become uncomfortable

In what depth water do waves break? - Correct answer In the surf zone, in water only slightly deeper than their height

surge - Correct answer A back-and-forth motion caused by waves passing overhead

undertow - Correct answer The water of waves flowing back to sea under incoming waves

rip current - Correct answer When waves push water over a long obstruction and the water underneath funnels back to sea through an available opening

What should I do if I get caught in a rip current? - Correct answer Establish buoyancy and swim at a sustainable pace parallel to the shore

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upwelling - Correct answer Usually caused by wind blowing from shore, pushing surface water away, resulting in cooler, deeper water rising towards the surface to replace it

What 3 environmental conditions does tide generally affect? - Correct answer The current, depth, and visibility

bow - Correct answer The front of the boat

stern - Correct answer The back of the boat

port - Correct answer The left side of the boat as you face forward

starboard - Correct answer The right side of the boat as you face forward

leeward - Correct answer The side away from the wind

windward - Correct answer The side toward the wind

The bridge/wheelhouse - Correct answer The portion of the boat where the controls are

head - Correct answer The boat's toilet facilities

galley - Correct answer The boat's kitchen area

swim step - Correct answer A platform on the stern that is close to water level

What are characteristics of a responsive diver? - Correct answer They are breathing, alert, and active

What are the 4 basic steps for assisting a responsive diver at the surface? - Correct answer 1. Help reestablish breathing control

2. Have the diver take slow, deep, breaths
3. Give the diver a chance to rest and recover
4. Assist the diver to the boat or shore

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What are the 4 basic steps for assisting an unresponsive diver at the surface? - Correct answer 1. Establish buoyancy for the victim and yourself

2. Call for help
3. Check for breathing and begin rescue breaths as you tow the diver
4. Continue rescue breathing and get the victim out of water

How should I breathe from a freeflowing regulator? - Correct answer DON'T seal your mouth on the mouthpiece. Hold the second stage and press the mouthpiece outside your lips, or insert one end of the mouthpiece into your mouth and "sip" breaths. Begin ascent immediately

In order of priority, what are my four options if I run out of air underwater? - Correct answer 1. Take lighter breaths and don't attempt a safety stop as you ascend

2. Use an alternate air source from your buddy
3. Make a controlled emergency swimming ascent (CESA)
4. Make a buoyant emergency ascent

How do I make a controlled emergency swimming ascent (CESA)? - Correct answer When you have no air and are approximately 6-9 m/20-30 ft from the surface, look up and swim to the surface making a continuous ahhhhh sound into your regulator

How do I make a buoyant emergency ascent? - Correct answer When you have no air and are very deep, ditch your weights, look up and swim to the surface making a continuous ahhhhh sound into your regulator

How should I assist an unresponsive diver underwater and what is the priority? - Correct answer You want to get the diver to the surface. Hold the diver's regulator in their mouth and try to ascend at a safe rate

At a minimum, how many surface signaling devices should I have with me on a dive? - Correct answer At least 2 - one audible and one visual

How close am I supposed to stay to a dive flag? - Correct answer Within 15 m/50 ft

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How far away are boaters supposed to stay from a dive flag? - Correct answer At least 30-60 m/100- ft

For what 4 purposes might I carry a slate or wet book? - Correct answer Communication, to note dive plan limits, to record information during the dive, and for the unexpected

What information do I typically record, at a minimum, regardless of what I choose? - Correct answer Date, dive site name/location, dive buddy, dive depth and duration, objective and description

What can I do with dive planning software? - Correct answer Estimate how long your air supply will last and estimate the time your dive computer will allow on a dive

What is the composition of air to divers? - Correct answer 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen

To what 4 diving related issues does the makeup of air relate? - Correct answer Oxygen toxicity, contaminated air, decompression sickness, and gas narcosis

How do I prevent oxygen toxicity? - Correct answer The higher the oxygen content, the shallower the depth limit for using it while diving. Don't exceed 40 m/130 ft when diving recreationally

What are 5 possible signs/symptoms of contaminated air? - Correct answer Headache, nausea, cherry- red lips and fingernail beds, dizziness, and unconsciousness/unresponsiveness

What are the 2 primary factors that influence how much nitrogen dissolves into my body tissues during a dive? - Correct answer Depth and time

What is decompression sickness (DCS), or "the bends"? - Correct answer When excess nitrogen in your body tissues is too high when you surface, so nitrogen comes out of solution faster than your body can eliminate it. Nitrogen bubbles will form within your blood and body tissues.

What are 9 signs/symptoms of decompression sickness? - Correct answer Paralysis, dizziness, tingling, joint and limb pain, shock, numbness, difficulty breathing, weakness and prolonged fatigue, unconsciousness and death

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When do symptoms of DCS occur? - Correct answer Usually 15 minutes to 12 hours after a dive

How does a dive computer or dive table estimate the amount of nitrogen I absorb during a dive? - Correct answer By using your dive time and depth information to calculate the theoretical amount of nitrogen in your body

What is no stop diving? - Correct answer When you can swim directly to the surface without unacceptable risk of decompression sickness

What is a no stop limit? - Correct answer The maximum time you can spend at a given depth and still ascend to the surface

What do I have to do if I exceed a no stop limit? - Correct answer I must make an emergency decompression stop

What is an emergency decompression stop? - Correct answer Stops at specific depths for prescribed times to allow your body to release dissolved nitrogen before you ascend further

What is the relationship between depth and my no stop limits? - Correct answer The deeper you dive, the shorter your no stop limits

What is the difference between a decompression stop and a safety stop? - Correct answer Safety stops keep you well within limits, whereas emergency decompression stops return you from outside limits

Why is residual nitrogen important? - Correct answer It shortens your no stop limits if you make another dive

What is a repetitive dive? - Correct answer A dive made while you still have residual nitrogen

How do dive tables work? - Correct answer Table 1 assigns a Pressure Group letter that represents the theoretical amount of residual nitrogen based on your dive time and depth. Table 2 gives you credit for nitrogen leaving your body during a surface interval. Table 3 provides reduced no stop times for a repetitive dive

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What is a surface interval? - Correct answer The time you spend at the surface between dives. During this, the residual nitrogen declines as it dissolves

How do I be a SAFE diver? - Correct answer You slowly ascend from every dive

What is finding a minimum surface interval? - Correct answer Determining how long to wait after the first dive to have the no stop time you want at the planned depth of the repetitive dive

What relationship is shown through dive computers? - Correct answer Depth and no stop time

What are 3 ways I can find a minimum surface interval with a dive computer without using dive tables? - Correct answer Wait and check your no stop time until it matches your planned repetitive dive depth, use the dive computer's plan mode, or use a tablet or smart phone app

Why is going to a higher altitude after diving a potential issue? - Correct answer It lowers the pressure around you at the surface, so dissolved nitrogen in body tissues comes out of solution faster than at sea level, therefore increasing your risk of DCS

How do you fly or ascend to altitude after diving? - Correct answer You start and end your dive at sea level, and then go to lower surface pressure at altitude

How do you altitude dive? - Correct answer You start and end your dive at lower surface pressure at altitude

What are the current recommendations for flying after a single dive? - Correct answer A minimum surface interval of 12 hours

What are the current recommendations for flying after repetitive dives or multiday dives? - Correct answer A minimum surface interval of 18 hours

What are the current recommendations for flying after dives requiring emergency decompression stops? - Correct answer A minimum surface interval greater than 18 hours

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Why are being cold and/or exerting myself strenuously issues with respect to decompression sickness risk? - Correct answer You may end up with more dissolved nitrogen than calculated by your dive computer

What should I do if I am cold or exert myself strenuously on a dive? - Correct answer Plan dives as though they are 4 m/10 ft deeper than their actual depth

What is the first aid for a diver with suspected DCI? - Correct answer 1. Stop all diving

2. Check for breathing and provide CPR as needed
3. Contact emergency medical care
4. Keep the diver lying down and provide emergency oxygen
5. Monitor the diver and take steps to prevent shock
6. Lay the diver level, left side down, head supported, breathing oxygen

What treatment is usually required for DCI? - Correct answer Being put in a recompression chamber, where the pressure put on the diver helps the body absorb the gas bubbles present

What is gas narcosis? - Correct answer An intoxicating effect when many gases are put under pressure

What are signs/symptoms of gas narcosis? - Correct answer Feeling drunk/high, loss of coordination, slowed thinking, slowed reactions, inappropriate laughter, depression, false sense of security, ignoring or disregard for safety, anxiety or panic when you're under stress at depth

How do I avoid gas narcosis and what do I do if it occurs? - Correct answer Don't dive too deep and immediately ascend to a shallower depth

What is a lubber line on a compass? - Correct answer A straight line through the center of the compass face or along the side from the 6 o'clock to the 12 o'clock positions that is your direction of travel

How should I hold a compass when navigating with it underwater? - Correct answer Relatively level, aligning the lubber line with the center line of your body, locking your arms, and looking over the compass, not down on it

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How should I set a compass to navigate a straight line from one point to another? - Correct answer 1. Hold the compass so the lubber line is pointed in desired travel direction

2. Let the north needle settle on magnetic north, then rotate bezel until index marks straddle the needle
3. Swim along the lubber line keeping the needle within the index marks