PADI, Open Water Diver, Final Exam Review with Complete Solutions 2024 Graded A, Exams of Water and Wastewater Engineering

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PADI, Open Water Diver, Final Exam Review

with Complete Solutions 2024 Graded A

If an object is neutrally buoyant (does not sink or float) in fresh water, the same object placed into salt water would - ANSWER>>Float

Salt water is heavier than fresh water because it has dissolved minerals in it. This means it causes more upward force (buoyancy) on an object. An object that is neutrally buoyant in fresh water would float in salt water because there is greater upward force.

See Being a Diver I - Buoyancy and Controlling Buoyancy.

I blow up a balloon, tie it off, and take it to the bottom of the swimming pool. What will happen to the balloon and the air inside it? - ANSWER>>As water pressure increases, the volume of an air space will decrease. This causes the density of the air inside to increase and air molecules are pushed closer together. The balloon would get smaller and the air density inside would be greater.

See Being a Diver I - Water Pressure and Air Volume Effects.

I turn a glass upside down, trap the air in it by putting it in water, and then I take the glass down to 10 metres/33 feet. The air space would - ANSWER>>At 10 metres/33 feet, the pressure is 2 bar/ata. An air volume taken to this depth from the surface would decrease and become half the size.

See Being a Diver I - Water Pressure and Air Volume Effects.

If I am not able to equalize (clear) my body air spaces, it may be because I have - ANSWER>>A cold, or any congestion, can block air passages in your ears and sinuses, making equalization difficult or impossible.

See Being a Diver I - The Effects of Increasing Pressure on Body Air Spaces.

If my ears or sinuses hurt while I am descending (going down), it usually means - ANSWER>>I am feeling a squeeze and need to equalize.

Pain in your ears or sinuses means that they aren't equalized. Stop your descent and ascend slightly to relieve pressure on your ears. Then attempt to equalize again. If you can't equalize, end the dive.

See Being a Diver I - The Effects of Increasing Pressure on Body Air Spaces.

The best place for me to position an alternate air source is - ANSWER>>Your alternate air source attaches with a quick release in the triangle area formed by your chin and the lower corners of your rib cage. Avoid letting your alternate air source dangle unsecured from your kit.

See Equipment I - Regulators.

Lung overexpansion injuries can be caused by - ANSWER>>Blocking off your lungs by holding your breath and ascending could cause them to overexpand and rupture, which is a serious injury that could result in paralysis and death. Breathing continuously while scuba diving keeps air passages open allowing expanding air to escape.

See Being a Diver I - The Effects of Decreasing Pressure on Body Air Spaces.

If my cylinder of air lasts 60 minutes while I am at the surface breathing normally, assuming all else is the same, how long will it last at 20 metres/66 feet breathing normally? - ANSWER>>20 minutes

The deeper you go, the more air you take in with each breath. At 20 metres/ feet you're at 3 bar/ata, thus your air supply would last one-third of the time at the surface or 20 minutes.

See Being a Diver I - Breathing Underwater.

How often should I take my scuba cylinder to be visually inspected by my dive center? - ANSWER>>Have your cylinder visually inspected annually for internal corrosion or other contamination/damage.

See Equipment I - Cylinders.

The difference between DIN valves and yoke valves is that DIN valves - ANSWER>>have threaded openings to screw the regulator into.

With the DIN system, the regulator screws into the valve. The yoke system holds the regulator first stage to the cylinder with a clamp system.

See Equipment I - Cylinders.

Which of the following is part of proper care for my scuba cylinder? - ANSWER>>You should keep some air in the cylinder to prevent moisture from entering and causing corrosion. Also have it pressure tested at required intervals, usually two to five years. Have it visually inspected annually. Store it standing in a safe place and keep it away from high heat.

See Equipment I - Cylinder Care.

A regulator _________ is the part that connects to your scuba cylinder and a regulator _________ is the part you place in your mouth and use to breath. - ANSWER>>first stage / second stage

The first stage connects to the cylinder valve and reduces cylinder pressure to an intermediate pressure. You breathe from the second stage that reduces pressure to the pressure around you and delivers air when you inhale.

See Equipment I - Regulators.

When I look at things underwater they often seem _________ than they look on the surface. - ANSWER>>larger and/or nearer

As light travels through water and into your mask, it bends, or refracts. This makes objects appear larger and closer than they really are.

See Being a Diver II - Seeing and Hearing as a Diver.

____________ travels faster in water than it does in air. This is why you cannot easily tell where it comes from. - ANSWER>>Sound

Sound travels about four times faster in water than in air. This makes it difficult to determine where the sound is coming from because it seems to come from all around or directly overhead.

See Being a Diver II - Hearing Underwater.

Unless there are laws that say differently, I should stay within _______ of my dive flag. - ANSWER>>If there are no specific local laws regarding dive flags, stay within 15 metres/50 feet of the flag. Boats should stay 30 to 60 metres/100 to 200 feet away.

See Equipment III - Dive Flags.

If I work too hard and find it difficult to breathe underwater, I should - ANSWER>>stop all activity and rest, holding on to something for support if possible.

If you find it difficult to breathe you're overexerted. Immediately stop and rest while holding onto something for support to restore normal breathing. Continue only after you've regained a normal, slow breathing rate.

See Being a Diver II - Overexertion.

As I descend (go down), my wet suit will - ANSWER>>compress (feel thinner) from water pressure, and I will lose buoyancy and warmth.

The small bubbles in your wet suit compress as you get deeper. This causes your buoyancy to decrease and makes the wet suit thinner, which affects warmth. To control your buoyancy, add small amounts of air to your BCD frequently during descent.

See Being a Diver II - Descents in Open Water.

I know I am properly weighted for diving if I - ANSWER>>float at eye level while holding a normal breath of air and with an empty BCD.

Part of having good buoyancy and trim is having the right amount of weight. You should float at eye level with an empty BCD and holding a normal breath. When you exhale, you should slowly sink.

See Your Skills as a Diver II - Weight Check and Proper Weighting.

Choose the best ANSWER for the signal shown from the choices provided. (stop hand gesture) - ANSWER>>This is the hand signal for stop, hold it or stay there.

See Your Skills as a Diver I - Hand Signals.

Choose the best ANSWER for the signal shown from the choices provided. (hand sways left and right gesture) - ANSWER>>This is the hand signal for something is wrong.

See Your Skills as a Diver I - Hand Signals.

Choose the best ANSWER for the signal shown from the choices provided. (Okay gesture) - ANSWER>>This is the hand signal for Okay.

See Your Skills as a Diver I - Hand Signals.

Choose the best ANSWER for the signal shown from the choices provided. (Both arms waved above water) - ANSWER>>This is the hand signal for distress or I need help on the surface.

See Your Skills as a Diver I - Hand Signals.

Choose the best ANSWER for the signal shown from the choices provided. (Both arms form a pyramid above water) - ANSWER>>This is the hand signal for Okay on the surface.

See Your Skills as a Diver I - Hand Signals.

Choose the best ANSWER for the signal shown from the choices provided. (Right arm moves back) - ANSWER>>This is the hand signal for out of air.

See Your Skills as a Diver I - Hand Signals.

Choose the best ANSWER for the signal shown from the choices provided. (Fist gesture) - ANSWER>>This is the hand signal for low on air.

See Your Skills as a Diver I - Hand Signals.

Choose the best ANSWER for the signal shown from the choices provided. (Hand gestures to mouth) - ANSWER>>This is the hand signal for share air.

See Your Skills as a Diver I - Hand Signals.

If I were separated from my buddy, the general procedure is to - ANSWER>>The general procedure for buddy separation is to search for no more than one minute, then surface to reunite.

See Being a Diver II - The Buddy System.

I am most likely to become confused about which way is up or down _________. - ANSWER>>in mid-water

When descending and ascending in reduced visibility, you can feel disoriented, especially in mid-water when you can't see either the bottom or the surface.

See Being a Diver III - Visibility.

I feel a mild current at the start of my dive. How should I begin this dive? - ANSWER>>Dive against or into the current.

By swimming into a current for the first part of a dive, you can let it carry you back to where you started during the second part.

See Being a Diver III - Water Movement.

What the bottom is made of can cause big changes in - ANSWER>>visibility (how far you can see underwater).

The nature and composition of particles in the water affects visibility. Large, heavy material - like from gravel and rock bottoms - settles out of the water quickly, restoring visibility quickly. Small, light particles - like from mud and clay bottoms - can remain suspended for very long periods.

Most injuries caused by aquatic animals happen because the animals are - ANSWER>>trying to defend themselves.

Nearly all aquatic life injuries result from defensive actions by the animals. You can generally avoid injuries by being aware and respectful of aquatic organisms.

A diver at the surface is moving quickly and jerkily, has the mask off the face, the regulator/snorkel is out of the mouth, and the diver does not respond to directions. The diver is - ANSWER>>showing signs of distress (trouble).

Divers who are distressed or panicked often have their masks on their foreheads and don't use their breathing equipment. They usually have wide, unseeing eyes, quick and jerky movements, and do not follow instructions. They need immediate help because they may continue to struggle until exhausted.

I am close to my buddy and realize I am out of air. The best response is to - ANSWER>>switch to my buddy's alternate air source.

When out of air, your best option is usually to make an alternate air source ascent using your buddy's alternate air source.

If my regulator begins to free flow (release air continuously) while underwater, I should - ANSWER>>hold the regulator without sealing my mouth around the mouthpiece and "sip" the air I need as I ascend (go up).

You can breathe from a freeflowing regulator by "sipping" air as you need it. Don't seal your mouth around the mouthpiece. Begin your ascent promptly, because the freeflow will exhaust your air supply quickly.

Although it shouldn't have happened, on a dive I fail to watch my SPG and run out of air. If my buddy is close by, my best option is to _______. Another option is to ________, if I'm in shallow water and the surface is closer than my buddy. - ANSWER>>ascend using my buddy's alternate air source / make a controlled emergency swimming ascent

You can make a normal ascent when very low on air, but your cylinder isn't completely empty. When out of air, your best option is usually to make an alternate air source ascent using your buddy's alternate air source. Make a controlled emergency swimming ascent when fairly shallow and the surface is closer than a buddy with an alternate air source. Make a buoyant emergency ascent when your buddy is not near and you're deep enough that you don't think you can make it to the surface by just swimming.

There is an injured diver who is out of the water and is not responding to touch or my voice. The first thing to do would be - ANSWER>>to check if the diver is breathing

Your priority when assisting someone who is unresponsive is to make sure the diver is breathing. Provide rescue breaths as necessary. Contact emergency medical care.

I should have cylinders filled at a dive center I trust, not use air that tastes or smells bad, nor use air from a compressor designed to fill car tires. This is important to - ANSWER>>reduce the risk of breathing contaminated air.

Contaminated air is rare because it's easy to avoid by getting your cylinders filled at reputable scuba air sources - namely, professional dive operations. Dive centers and resorts take care of their fill systems and know the value of regular air testing.

Divers who act foolishly at depth due to gas narcosis may start acting normally again if they - ANSWER>>ascend (go up) to a shallower depth.

If you or a buddy experience narcosis, immediately ascend to a shallower depth. Narcosis generally fades quickly when you return to a shallower depth.

I am likely to increase the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) if I - ANSWER>>dive while tired, cold, sick, thirsty or injured.

Secondary factors that can contribute to developing decompression sickness include fatigue, dehydration, cold, poor fitness, high body fat, illness, injuries, age, alcohol consumption before or after a dive, and vigorous exercise before, during or immediately after a dive.

If I think I have decompression sickness I should - ANSWER>>breathe 100 percent oxygen and contact emergency medical care.

For a suspected case of decompression illness, contact emergency medical care, lie down and breathe emergency oxygen. Almost all cases of decompression illness require treatment in a recompression chamber. Don't delay first aid and getting to treatment.

The first step in using my dive computer is - ANSWER>>Before you dive with a computer, you need to read the manufacturer's dive computer manual. It's your responsibility to read and understand the manufacturer's instructions.

See Using Dive Computers and Tables I - Planning Dives with Your Computer.

When planning a dive with a computer, I use the "plan" or "no stop scroll" mode to determine - ANSWER>>the maximum allowable time limits for depths (typically in 3-metre/10-foot increments).

You plan dives with your dive computer by activating it and scrolling the no stop limits. With most computers, you scroll depths in 3 metre/10 foot increments, displaying the maximum time allowed at each depth. Agree with your buddy on a maximum depth based on the no stop times displayed.See

Using Dive Computers and Tables I - Planning Dives with Your Computer.

When making computer assisted dives - ANSWER>>Divers can't share a dive computer. Each diver needs a computer and the buddy team should follow the most conservative computer to turn or end a dive.

See Using Dive Computers and Tables I - Diving with Your Computer.

It's important that I do not turn off a dive computer between dives because - ANSWER>>it would lose memory of the previous dive and not calculate repetitive dives correctly.

Your dive computer tracks your personal theoretical nitrogen levels continuously during all your dives and surface intervals. For your safety, to keep an accurate account, you must not turn off your computer and need to use the same computer the entire diving day, on all dives.

See Using Dive Computers and Tables I - Repetitive Diving.

If I accidentally exceed my computer's no stop limits, I should - ANSWER>>follow the computer's instructions for decompression.

If you exceed a no stop limit, you will have to make an emergency decompression stop. You computer will go into decompression mode and guide you by providing the depth of your emergency decompression stop and how long you have to stay there before you can ascend to the surface. Emergency decompression stops are required so that you don't exceed accepted theoretical nitrogen levels.

See Using Dive Computers and Tables II - Emergency Decompression Stops.

If I'm diving in cold water or under strenuous conditions - ANSWER>>I should add an extra safety margin and stay well within my computer's limits.

If you get cold or exercise a lot during a dive, you may end up with more dissolved nitrogen than calculated by your dive computer or tables. This could increase your

decompression sickness risk. Stay well within the no stop limits, being even more conservative than normal by adding an extra safety margin.

See Using Dive Computers and Tables II - Cold and Strenuous Dives.

If my computer fails during a dive, I can use my backup computer to continue the dive. If I'm not wearing a backup, I should - ANSWER>>ascend (go up), make a safety stop and end the dive.

The procedure for a failed dive computer is to signal your buddy, ascend, make a safety stop and end the dive. If you're remaining well within limits throughout the dive, you should surface within accepted limits. You can't continue to dive without being able to track your dive profile.

See Using Dive Computers and Tables I - Diving with Your Computer.

I make two dives in one day and am flying home on a commercial plane. I should wait until my computer says I can fly or ________ hours, whichever is longer. - ANSWER>>The flying after diving recommendation is that for repetitive dives or multiday dives, a minimum preflight surface interval of 18 hours in suggested.

See Using Dive Computers and Tables II - Flying After Diving and Altitude Diving.

As a new PADI Open Water Diver, the recommended maximum depth is ______________, or the actual depth I reached in training, if shallower. The maximum depth for all recreational scuba divers, even experienced divers, is ______________. - ANSWER>>The recommended depth limit for you as a newly certified PADI Open Water Diver is a maximum of 18 metres/60 feet (or the actual depth you reached in training, if shallower). For recreational diving, the maximum depth is 40 metres/130 feet.

See Being a Diver V - Continuing Your Adventure.

When diving at an altitude above 300 metres/1000 feet - ANSWER>>I need to follow special procedures and may need to set my computer for the altitude.

Because you surface to lower atmospheric pressure, you need to use altitude diving procedures if diving at an altitude of 300 metres/1000 feet or higher. Many dive computers automatically adjust and some have settings you can adjust for altitude diving.

See Using Dive Computers and Tables II - Flying After Diving and Altitude Diving.