PADI OPEN WATER DIVER FINAL EXAMS WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED RA, Exams of Nursing

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PADI OPEN WATER DIVER FINAL EXAMS

WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS

AND VERIFIED DETAILED RATIONALES

ANSWERS 2024(NEWEST) ALREADY

GRADED A+

What are the three primary instruments used on all dives? SPG (submersible pressure gauge), dive computer, and compass Which cutting tool is a bladed hook for cutting fishing line or net? a. dive knife b. dive tool c. dive shears d. z-knife z-knife Five Point Descent

1. confirm that your buddies are ready
2. orient yourselves to something at the surface or underwater, such as the boat or landmark
3. Switch from snorkel to your regulator
4. Check, and if necessary activate, your dive computer or timer
5. Signal "descend" and with your buddies, slowly deflate your BCD Five Point Ascent
6. Signal up and confirm that your buddies are ready
7. Check your dive computer to be sure you're within its limits
8. Look up and hold up your BCD deflator hose, swim up gently
9. Ascend slowly, no faster than dive computer
10. look up and turn as you ascend and stay with your buddies. Watch for obstacles and reach up as near surface Predive Safety Check: Begin With Review And Friend BCD Weight (check for right amount of weight) Releases (secure and location of releases) Air (test regulator and check air pressure) Final check (look over)

One way to avoid disorientation while descending and ascending is to a. close my eyes b. stay away from any objects c. follow a reference d. monitor my air supply closely follow a reference My buddy and I are diving from a boat and there's a mild current. In most circumstances, we would ____________ for the first part of the dive. a. swim into the current b. let the current carry us c. not try to go anywhere swim into the current My buddy and I get disoriented while boat diving There is a mild current, and we surface away from the boat. We should ____________. If unable to reach the boat or too tired we should ____________. a. swim into the current to get ahead of the boat, redescend and return to the bottom b. swim across the current to reach the trail line, become buoyant and signal the boat to pick us up c. signal that we are okay, swim for shore d. swim with the current until rested, swim to the bottom and swim into the current swim across the current to reach the trail line, become buoyant and signal the boat to pick us up My buddy and I remain neutrally buoyant and stay above the bottom enough to avoid contact. We do this because bottom contact a. may injure or kill fragile aquatic life b. tends to disturb the bottom and reduce the visibility c. increase the risk of accidental cuts, scrapes, or stings all of them When assessing conditions, if there is anything that causes me significant anxiety or concern, if I can't address it, I should not dive. Ultimately, I am responsible for my own safety, so only I can make the final decision to dive. True or False True Risks of diving beyond my training and experience limits include that a. in some forms of diving, the hazards are not obvious b. it can cause me to have a false sense of security c. anxiety from doing so can distract me from noticing other problems all of them While planning a shore dive, my dive buddy says it will be "no problem" diving in high surf that I've never been trained in nor have experience with. Looking at the surf, I don't think I am prepared for diving in it. My best response is to a. agree to dive, but be ready to back out at any moment

b. make the dive using the techniques I've learned for little to mild surf. c. politely refuse to dive and suggest an alternate location with no significant surf politely refuse to dive and suggest an alternate location with no significant surf To prevent and/or handle injuries caused by aquatic life, I should a. generally touch animals if I want, but only if I am familiar with them b. watch where I put my feet, hands and knees c. wear an exposure suit d. treat all organisms with respect e. be familiar with potentially hazardous animals where I'm diving f. be prepared to provide first aid for aquatic life injuries g. touch only dead stinging organisms b, c, d, e, f My buddy and I accidentally find ourselves in a rip current. There are no special, local procedures, so we follow the generally recommended action of a. inflating our BCDs and swimming against the current b. deflating out BCDs and swimming against it on the bottom c. deflating our BCDs and swimming parallel to shore d. inflating our BCDs and swimming parallel to shore inflating our BCDs and swimming parallel to shore Depending upon my location, tides can cause significant changes to depth, currents and visibility or they may have hardly any effect. True or False True When boarding a dive boat, the diver master asks me to fill my name in on the roll. The reason for this is to a. make sure I paid b. check my certification number c. see if I have a buddy d. make sure everyone's aboard after each dive make sure everyone's aboard after each dive The best entry is usually the a. giant stride b. back seated roll c. easiest one easiest one I should stay well away from the propeller at all times, even when the engine isn't running a. True b. False

true My buddy and I are diving from a boat in mild to moderate current. There is a line from the back of the boat where we'll enter, which leads to the mooring line at the front of the boat. The purpose of the line leading to the mooring line is to a. provide a backup to the mooring line b. allow us to swim to it if we surface away from the boat c. guide our descent to the bottom d. let us pull ourselves to the mooring line let us pull ourselves to the mooring line My buddy and I surface and the boat is not in sight, nor is there a float and we are beyond sight of shore. We should inflate our BCDs, deploy out surface signaling devices and stay together. a. True b. False true Training that expands and develops my skills in preventing and managing problems include: a. PADI Digital Underwater Photographer b. PADI Rescue Diver c. PADI Emergency Oxygen Provider d. Emergency First Responder Primary and Secondary courses b, c, d At the surface, I have a problem. If I have not already done so, the first thing I should do is a. Make myself buoyant (inflate BCD and/or drop weights) b. Ask for help c. Relax and avoid overexertion A A diver at the surface begins to struggle. He has wide, unseeing eyes and he has pushed off his mask. His BCD isn't inflated and he doesn't inflate it when the dive master calls for him to do so. This diver is _____________. To help, I should first ____________. a. in control; encourage the diver to relax b. in control; tow the diver c. out of control; provide encouragement d. out of control; make myself and the diver buoyant (inflate BCD/drop weights) D With an unresponsive diver underwater, the primary concern is ____________. Once at the surface, besides establishing buoyancy and calling for help, the primary concern is ____________. a. replacing the mouthpiece, towing to safety rapidly b. getting the victim to the surface, checking for breathing and providing rescue breaths if the victim

isn't breathing c. compressing the torso, providing emergency oxygen B While diving, I begin to feel exhausted and air-starved because I have been swimming strenuously. I should a. descend slightly b. signal "stop" and rest c. immediately ascend d. switch to an alternate air source B In helping an unresponsive diver, after you check for breathing and provide CPR as needed (once out of the water) which of the following has the highest priority? a. contact emergency medical care b. give the diver emergency oxygen c. keep the diver warm d. write down what happened contact emergency medical care Although it shouldn't have happened, on a dive at 10 metres/30 feet, I fail to watch my SPG and run out of air. I dont have a pony bottle or self-contained ascent bottle. My buddy is about 12 metres/40 feet away, and has an alternate second stage. My best option is probably to: a. make a normal ascent b. ascend using an alternate air source c. make a controlled emergency swimming ascent d. make a bouyant emergency ascent make a controlled emergency swimming ascent Any diver who has been unresponsive in or under water requires medial examination, even if the person seems fully recovered. a. True b. False true At a minimum, I should have _____ visual and _____ audible signaling devices. a. 1, b. 2, c. 1, d. 2, a. 1, My buddy and I are underwater within 6m/20ft of our float with a locally-recognized dive flag. we hear a boat, and it sounds close and is getting closer.

a. This isn't an issue. The flag will keep the boat at a safe distance. b. We should stay deep enough to be safe. The boater may not see or recognize the flag. B Passive interactions are: those that leave aquatic life undisturbed (watching, photographing Active interactions are: those that affect aquatic life directly by altering their normal behaviors (feeding, hunting, touching, moving, chasing, scaring, etc.) Potentially hazardous aquatic organisms are: those that sting and/or puncture and those that bite Three lines for boat diving trail line, swim line and mooring/anchor line trail line line behind the boat used to wait to enter and leave water, helps in currents too swim line runs along side of the boat, connecting the trail line and mooring line mooring/anchor line secures the boat in place to the dive site Dive Planning stages advance planning (decision to go) preparation planning (several days before dive) last minute preparation (hours before) predive planning (actual dive plan) extended dive travel Low on air make normal ascent with no safety stop out of air near buddy use alternate air source out of air and not deeper than 6-9m/20-30ft controlled emergency swimming ascent (do not drop weights) out of air and deeper than 9m/30ft

buoyant emergency ascent (ditch weights) traditional dive flag (red) indicates there are divers below and boats should keep clear Alpha flag (blue) indicates the vessel flying it has divers in the water and can't maneuver How close should you stay to your flag? 15m/50ft How far away should boats be from flags? 30-60m/100-200ft During an underwater cleanup, my buddy and I fill up large mesh utility bag with several kilograms/pounds of garbage. We should a. attach the bag to our gear b. carry the bag in our hands carry the bag in our hands I have a bit of cold but feel I can manage the dive well enough, so it is okay to dive a. True b. False false Exertion from swimming hard, carrying equipment, climbing a ladder, long walks wearing gear, and heat stress from wearing an exposure suit in a hot climate can lead to heart attack in predisposed individuals. These factors can also cause problems for people with other cardiovascular conditions a. True b. False true Before diving, I should refrain from using a. alcohol b. tobacco both Medications can create problems when diving, so I should use prescription drugs and over-the-counter medications with caution. Any drug that affects my judgment, thinking, and/or reactions should generally not be used before diving. true or false true it is recommended that pregnant women do not dive. true or false

true As a new PADI Open Water Diver, I should refresh my dive skills with a PADI Scuba Review after ___________ of inactivity a. one month b. six months c. one year d. five years six months One reason it is important to be certified as a PADI enriched Air diver, or under the supervision of a PADI enriched air instructor before using enriched air nitrox is to avoid oxygen toxicity problems. true or false true During a dive, I begin to have a headache, feel ill and dizzy. Are these possible symptoms of contaminated air? a. Yes b. No yes To avoid contaminated air, I should have my cylinder filled only a reputable scuba air sources. true or false true The two primary factors that influence how much nitrogen dissolves into my body tissues during a dive are _________ and __________. a. depth, time b. temperature, time c. depth, temperature depth and time If i exceed established depth and time limits while diving and then surface, bubbles can form in my body tissues, causing decompression sickness a. True b. False true After a dive, a diver had numbness, tingling and weakness in the arms. Are these possible signs/symptoms of DCS? a. Yes b. No yes

Secondary factors thought to contribute to DCS include: a. age b. cold c. injuries d. poor fitness/high body fat all of them A no stop dive means i can, ________ the dive, ascend directly to the surface without stopping if necessary. a. for the first half of b. for the last half of c. at any time during at any time during If I am planning a dive to 12m/40ft, my no stop limit will be ________ than my no stop limit for a dive to 10m/30ft. a. longer b. shorter shorter Exceeding my computer or table's ascent rate may increase my risk of DCS a. True b. False true On a repetitive dive, for a given depth my no stop limits will be _______ those of the first dive. a. longer than b. shorter than c. the same as shorter than I must use the same dive computer the entire day of diving, on all dives, and not share it with another diver a. True b. False true During a dive with my computer, my buddy and I will turn the dive based on the first limit we reach: remaining no stop or air supply turn point. True or False True When diving with a computer, it is recommended that I: a. dive well within its limits

b. follow the most conservative computer - mine or my buddy's c. start at the deepest point and progress shallower d. ascend slowly and make a safety stop all of them During a dive, my dive computer fails, and I'm not using a backup. I should: a. continue the dive based on my buddy's computer b. ascend, make a safety stop and end the dive c. stay for the duration we planned before the dive ascend, make a safety stop and end the dive One reason it is important to have environmentally friendly dive skills is to preserve the natural beauty for other divers. True or False True Each dive log should have: date, dive site (name and location), dive buddy(ies), dive depth and duration, objective/description How to avoid oxygen toxicity? don't exceed the maximum depth for recreational diving (40m/130ft) signs/symptoms of contaminated air headache, dizziness, nausea, unconsciousness, cherry-red lips and fingernail beds Decompression sickness (the bends) bubbles forming the body from excess nitrogen in the body DCS signs/symptoms paralysis, dizziness, tingling, joint/limb pain, shock, numbness, difficulty breathing, weakness or prolonged fatigue, unconsciousness and death If you exceed your no stop limit, to keep DCS risk within accepted limits, you must make one or more emergency decompression stops The greater the pressure the faster nitrogen dissolves into your tissues The first step in setting up your dive computer is to read the dive computer manual Generally how long does it take for residual nitrogen to return to zero about 12 hours

My buddy and I have just finished a dive to 15 metres/50 feet for 60 minutes. We want to return to the same site and depth and stay another 60 minutes. We can _________________ to see about how long we have to remain at the surface to have enough no stop time. a. wait and check out no stop times on our computers periodically b. use the dive computer plan mode, if our computers have them c. use a dive planning app d. check out RDP Table or eRDPML all of them Going to altitude after diving may be a problem because a. dive computers read too deep at altitude b. oxygen toxicity problems result from the thinner air c. most decompression models are based on surfacing at sea level most decompression models are based on surfacing at sea level I've just finished a single no stop dive with my buddy. We have not been diving in the past several days, and this is the only dive we make. Based on current recommendations, the minimum surface interval before we fly is a. 6 hours b. 12 hours c. 18 hours d. 24 hours 12 hours I need to use special altitude diving procedures when diving at an altitude greater than a. 150 metres/500 feet b. 300 metres/1000 feet c. 600 metres/2000 feet d. 3000 metres/10,000 feet 300 meters/1000 ft. If I am cold or exercise a lot during a dive, I may surface with more nitrogen than calculated by my dive computer or dive tables a. True b. False true At the end of a dive, my buddy's foot get tangled in an abandoned fishing net. It takes five minutes to get free, but that delays our ascent making us exceed our no stop limit. This means that before we surface, we will have to make a(n) ___________ stop to return our nitrogen level from outside the accepted limits a. safety b. emergency decompression

emergency decompression On a dive boat, after coming aboard two divers discover they accidentally surfaced without making an emergency decompression stop. They should ________, and not dive for at least 24 hours. a. re-enter the water and make the stops b. exercise and drink fluids c. relax, breathe oxygen and check themselves for DCS symptoms c. In an emergency decompression situation, I find I won't have enough air to complete all the required stop time. I should: a. stay at the stop until out of air, then make a controlled emergency swimming ascent b. surface immediately and not make the stop at all c. stop as long as I can but save enough air to surface and exit safely stop as long as I can but save enough air to surface and exit safely To help a diver with suspected decompression illness, I should a. monitor the diver's breathing and provide CPR as necessary b. contact emergency medical care c. have the diver sit or stand as much as possible d. provide emergency oxygen a, b, and d Nearly all cases of decompression illness require treatment a. in the water b. in a recompression chamber c. with bubble-dissolving drugs in a recompression chamber During a dive, I feel I'm having trouble thinking clearly. I should a. Carefully continue b. signal my buddy and ascend to a shallower depth signal my buddy and ascend to a shallower depth On a standard underwater compass, the magnetic north needle a. points to magnetic north b. indicates my travel direction c. points south on a reciprocal course d. is absent points to magnetic north My buddy and I want to travel in a straight line using a compass, I should point the ________ in our desired travel direction, then rotate the ________ until the ________ is/are over the ________. a. lubber line, magnetic north needle, heading references

b. magnetic north needle, bezel, index marks, lubber line c. heading references, bezel, lubber line, magnetic north needle d. lubber line, bezel, index marks, magnetic north needle lubber line, bezel, index marks, magnetic north needle As a PADI Open Water Diver, I have been trained to a maximum depth of ________ (or the actual depth I reached, if shallower). a. 12 metres/40 feet b. 18 metres/60 feet c. 24 metres/80 feet d. 30 metres/100 feet 18 metres/60 feet When planning cold or strenuous dives, I should plan the dive as though they are 4 metres/10 feet deeper than their actual depth Gas narcosis is not thought to be harmful itself however it causes an intoxicating effect under pressure Signs and symptoms of gas narcosis feeling intoxicated, loss of coordination, slowed thinking, slowed reactions, depression, inappropriate laughter, false sense of security, ignoring or disregard for safety, and anxiety/panic The lubber line is always your direction of travel As you descend in water the pressure increases A depth change of 10 meters/33 feet causes a pressure change of 2 bar/ata if you take 6 liters of air from the surface to 20 metres/66 feet, the volume will be 2 liters The density of the air at 20 meters/66 feet would be _______ the density at the surface of three times A balloon fully inflated and sealed at 10 meters/33 feet, would probably ________ during ascent to the surface. expand/burst As I descend, increasing pressure affects my _________

mask, ears, sinuses A squeeze is caused by a pressure imbalance between the surrounding pressure and an air space Equalization is the process of adding air to an air space I should equalize before i feel pain or discomfort I'm descending and discovering I can't equalize. The first thing I would do is stop my descent and signal my buddy/the instructor On a day I plan to go diving, I wake up with my sinuses blocked due to a cold or allergy. I should cancel the dive until I'm well When scuba diving, normal breathing keeps your lungs equalized to the surrounding pressure (T/F) True The most important rule in scuba diving is to breathe continuously and never hold your breath Failure to follow the most important rule in scuba diving can cause severe lung overexpansion injuries, which can result in paralysis or death (T/F) true During ascent I feel discomfort in my ears. I should stop, descend slightly and allow trapped air to work its way out Depth 0m/0ft what is the pressure, volume and density 1 bar/ata, 1 volume, 1x density Depth 10m/33ft what is the pressure, volume and density 2 bar/ata, 1/2 volume, 2x density Depth 20m/66ft what is the pressure, volume and density 3 bar/ata, 1/3 volume, 3x density Depth 30m/99ft what is the pressure, volume and density 4 bar/ata, 1/4 volume, 4x density

As I descend, I need to equalize air spaces. Which of the following are accepted ways of equalizing my ears? a. Block my nose and attempt to gently blow through it. b. Swallow and wiggle the jaw from side to side c. Block my nose and blow forcefully for an extended period Block my nose and attempt to gently blow through it + swallow and wiggle the jaw from side to side I should equalize a. early and often, before I feel discomfort b. when I begin to feel discomfort c. only if I experience pain early and often, before I feel discomfort I should not dive with a cold, nor use medications to dive with a cold. True or False True Failure to follow the most important rule in scuba diving can cause serious lung overexpansion (lung rupture) injuries, which in turn can cause paralysis and death. True or False True During a descent, I try to equalize but discover I'm having trouble doing so. Which of the following is correct? a. Slow my descent, signal my buddy to slow down and equalize more forcefully b. Stop my descent, signal my buddy to slow down and try again c. Continue my descent while equalizing repeatedly d. Signal my buddy, ascend to the surface and start my descent over the Stop my descent, signal my buddy to slow down and try again My buddy and I are planning a dive to 18m/60ft. We would expect our air supply to last _______ at 10m/33ft, all else being the same. a. longer than b. shorter than c. the same as shorter than During a dive, I swim hard to keep up with the fish that interests me, but shortly I begin to feel like I can't get enough air. The correct action would be to: a. Signal my buddy and head up to the surface b. Use the regulator purge button to boost air flow c. Stop all activity and rest to restore proper deep, slow breathing Stop all activity and rest to restore proper deep, slow breathing An object that is neutrally buoyant in fresh water will ______ in salt water. a. sink

b. float c. be neutrally buoyant float The ocean has more buoyancy compared to fresh water The three overall benefits of the buddy system are practicality, safety, and fun. True or False True The primary considerations when choosing any piece of scuba gear are: a. suitability b. brand c. fit d. comfort suitability, fit, and comfort I'm planning to dive the following week and am checking my gear. I put my kit together and notice that my regulator seems to breathe harder than I remember. The appropriate action would be to: a. Have it inspected and serviced as needed by a professional before using it b. Go ahead and use it, but limit my dive depth to 10metres/33feet c. Wash it in fresh water and see if the problem persists have it inspected and serviced as needed by a professional before using it There is no way to use a DIN regulator on a yoke cylinder valve. True/False False It is important to master buoyancy control because it allows me to control whether I descend, float or am neutrally buoyant. I adjust my buoyancy frequently while diving. True/False True I take a colorful fish identification slate with me while diving. Looking at the slate underwater at 12metres/40feet, I would expect the slate to look a. smaller/farther away b. more colorful c. less colorful d. larger/closer less colorful and larger/closer While underwater, I want to move efficiently by: a. moving as quickly as possible b. being streamlined c. having just a little more weight than I actually need

d. swimming slowly and steadily e. maintaining proper trim being streamlined, swimming slowly and steadily, and maintaining proper trim During a dive, I can't stop shivering. The proper response would be to a. exit the water immediately, dry off, and seek warmth b. exit the water as planned, but wear more exposure protection next time c. exit the water when convenient, and swim rapidly to warm up exit the water immediately, dry off and seek warmth During a dive, my buddy and I have to swim hard because of an unexpected current. If I were to begin to feel fatigued, have labored breathing, experience a feeling of suffocation or air starvation, and perhaps feel like I may panic, I should a. signal "up" and head to the surface b. switch to an alternate air source c. stop all activity, signal my buddy and rest stop all activity, signal my buddy and rest When planning our dive, my two buddies and I agreed that the general procedure for buddy separation would be adequate. If during the dive I find I am with one buddy but can't see the other, which of the following applies? a. This is buddy separation. Stay with the remaining buddy and search for no more than a minute, then reunite on the surface. b. This is a buddy separation. Stay with the remaining buddy, return to where the missing buddy was last seen and wait. c. This is a buddy separation. the remaining buddy and I should split up and look for the missing buddy. d. This is not a buddy separation for the remaining buddy and me. Stay with the remaining buddy and continue the dive while the one who is missing looks for us. This is buddy separation. Stay with the remaining buddy and search for no more than a minute, then reunite on the surface. The buddy system is ________ responsibility. a. my buddy's b. the divemaster's c. my d. no one's my My fin strap comes loose (later I discover that I didn't buckle it properly) while swimming at the surface in choppy waves. Which of the following habits would help me as I handle this problem? a. Having my mask on and a mouthpiece in my mouth. b. Having enough air in my BCD for adequate buoyancy c. Staying close to and signaling my buddy

all of them I'm about to begin a descent with my buddy. Which of the following steps should I take before actually beginning my descent? a. equalize my ears b. orient myself to something at the surface c. check that my computer is active d. confirm that my buddy is ready e. add air to my BCD orient myself to something at the surface, check that my computer is active, and confirm that my buddy is ready My buddies and I are wearing wet suits for exposure protection. As I descend, my buoyancy will __________, so I should ___________ to control my buoyancy. a. remain constant, do nothing b. increase, release air infrequently from my BCD in large amounts c. increase, release air frequently from my BCD in small amounts d. decrease, add air infrequently to my BCD in large amounts e. decrease, add air frequently to my BCD in small amounts decrease, add air frequently to my BCD in small amounts I should never descend or ascend without a reference that I can follow or make contact with. a. True b. False False As a prudent, conservative diver, the following are normal parts of my ascents: a. ascending at 18 m/60 ft per minute (or slower if specified by my computer) b. inflating my BCD to begin my ascent c. stopping for 3 minutes at approximately 5 m/15 ft d. adjusting my buoyancy in small amounts frequently ascending at 18m/60ft per minute (or whatever the computer says), stopping for 3 minutes at approximately 5m/15ft, and adjusting my buoyancy in small amounts frequently While boat diving, my buddy and I finish our safety stop and ascend to the surface. When I reach the surface, I should a. Switch to my snorkel, inflate my BCD and signal "okay" to the dive master b. Signal "okay" to the dive master, switch to my snorkel and inflate my BCD c. Inflate my BCD, switch to my snorkel and signal "okay" to the divemaster inflate my BCD, switch to my snorkel and signal okay to the divemaster Match the letter with the characteristics of the exposure suit type: a. insulation provided by layer of air and undergarment b. proper fit is important to keep water trapped against your body

c. little or no insulation wet suit dry suit skin suit a = dry suit b = wet suit c = skin suit Which of the following can be a problem before the dive when diving on a warm day in a wet or dry suit? a. proper weighting b. entering the water c. overheating d. hypothermia overheating If I have only one cutting tool, the recommendation is that I wear it where ___________ hand can reach it a. my right b. my left c. my dominant d. either eithe As a newly certified PADI Open Water Diver, I will be trained to dive with buddy as deep as 18 metres/60 feet As you descend in water, the pressure increases A depth change of 10 metres/33 feet causes a pressure change of 1 bar/ata (atmosphere) if you take 6 liters of air from the surface to 20 metres/66 feet, the volume will be 2 litres (the density of the air would be three times the density at the surface) A balloon fully inflated and sealed at 10 metres/33 feet, would probably ______ during ascent to the surface burst A squeeze is caused by a pressure imbalance between the surrounding pressure and an air space

Equalization is the process of adding air to an air space The most important rule in scuba diving is to breathe continuously and never hold your breath During ascent I feel discomfort in my ears. I should stop, descend slightly, and allow trapped air to work its way out My buddy and I descend to 12 metres/40 feet. I would expect to use my air _____ at 6 metres/20 feet faster than The most efficient way to breathe dense air underwater is to breathe deeply and slowly Buoyancy a force that pushes an object in water upward Salt water causes more buoyancy than fresh water because it is _____ dense and weighs _____ more When I descend, my buoyancy tends to ________. When I ascend, it tends to _______ decrease, increase The three most important considerations in choosing scuba equipment are suitability, fit, and comfort The two basic fin styles are __________ fins adjustable and full-foot My primary considerations when choosing fins are fit and blade size BCD (buoyancy control device) holds your kit together and allows you to adjust buoyancy throughout the dive Regulator delivers breathing air at the surrounding pressure when you inhale and directs exhaled air into the air Cylinder holds the high-pressure breathing air supplied by your regulator during the dive Weight System

holds lead weight to counteract the positive buoyancy of your body and some of your equipment, with a mechanism for dropping some or all the weight in an emergency The five components that make up a BCD include an inflatable bladder, a cylinder band and harness/jacket, an LPI (low-pressure inflator) mechanism, an overpressure/quick exhaust valves, and a weight system LPI mechanism inflates the BCD with air from my scuba cylinder Burst disk a safety device that relieves accidental overpressure by releasing air before reaching the pressure at which the cylinder would fail scuba cylinders require pressure testing _______ and visual inspection _________ every 2-5 years, annually The most important feature in my weight system is its quick release Trim means having the right _____ of weight distribution Failure to follow the most important rule in scuba diving can cause serious lung overexpansion injuries, which in turn can cause paralysis and death true An object that is neutrally bouyant in fresh water will _____ in salt water float Underwater objects appear larger and/or closer Sound travels about 4 times _____ in water than in air, making it difficult to determine its source faster To move efficiently as a diver, I should move slowly and steadily Trim is important for streamlining because poor trim raises or lowers my feet, causing drag Overexertion results from

a prolonged increased effort Buddy Predive Safety Check Begin With Review And Friend BCD, Weight, Releases, Air, Final Check If my buddy and I get separated, the general procedure is to look for each other for no more than a minute, then reunite on the surface My buddy and I are planning a boat dive with the same type cylinders filled to 200 bar/3000 psi. Due to conditions, we are planning very conservatively. We agree on 60 bar/800 psi for our reserve. We agree that we also want an additional 30 bar/500 psi for our ascent and safety stop. This means we should begin our ascent when either of our SPGs reads 90 bar/1300 psi My buddy and I have just started our descent. I begin equalizing immediately, as soon as my head goes underwater During my descent, to control my buoyancy I add air to my BCD in small amounts, frequently To start my ascent, I should swim up gently To control my buoyancy while ascending, I should vent my BCD with in small amounts frequently A safety stop is a stop between ______ and ______ for three to five minutes 6 m/20 ft, 3 m/10 ft When I reach the surface, the first thing I do is _______ inflate my BCD Wet suit most common exposure suits; provide insulation and protection; made with neoprene; doesn't keep you dry Dry suit provide the most insulation; keeps you dry with special watertight zippers and seals; most effective option for cooler water diving Skin suit

aka body suits; provide little or no insulation; worn in warmer water for protection from minor cuts, scrapes, stings, and sunburn Which type of exposure suit requires special training? dry suit Which type of exposure suit requires a snug fit, without which water would carry away heat or it would be uncomfortable? wet suit A hood is important when diving in water cooler than approximately 21 degrees Celsius/ 70 degrees Fahrenheit Which cutting tool is a bladed hook for cutting fishing line or net? z-knife What are three primary instruments I would normally have while diving? SPG, dive computer, compass Conditions that affect me while diving include temperature, water movement, sunlight, aquatic life, and bottom composition In most environments, as I go deeper the water gets colder Particles made of fine material affect visibility by remaining suspended for long periods The two types of water motion that affect me as a diver are waves and current If I were caught in a current and carried downstream past my planned exit, I should swim _______ the current across The most common injury divers suffer may be sunburn "Diving within my limits" simply means diving within the limits of my training, experience, and comfort The type of interaction I should generally have with aquatic life is passive

Potentially hazardous aquatic animals are, broadly, those that _____ and those that ______ sting/puncture, bite While underwater near a kelp forest, my buddy and I see a large shark approach. We should remain calm, near the bottom, and watch it One potential hazard of some plants and kelp is entanglement ______ and ______ generally determine the best way to wade in and out or how soon I put my fins on bottom composition, aquatic life My buddy and I experience mild surge after entering the water. We may be able to adjust for this by diving deeper Tides affect conditions related to diving including currents, depth, and visibility While entering through mild turf, as a wave approaches, I should stand sideways to it By accident, I find myself in a strong current rushing rapidly away from shore. Generally, I should inflate my BCD and swim parallel to shore My buddy and I are boat diving with a mild current. After entering, we would use the ____ line to pull ourselves to the ____ line, which we will descend along to the bottom swim, mooring/anchor The four stages of dive planning are advance planning, preparation planning, last-minute preparation, and predive planning Typically, I decide on a dive buddy or dive operator during advance planning _______ is what I do a few hours before, to right up to when I leave for the dive site last-minute preparation I want to begin _____ at least a day or two before the dive preparation planning

During _______, my buddy and I settle on details and make decisions based upon what we find at the dive site predive planning When assisting a responsive diver at the surface, I always begin by establishing buoyancy for myself and the diver After establishing buoyancy for both of us, the primary concerns with an unresponsive diver at the surface are ______ and _______ checking for breathing, providing rescue breaths if needed To breathe from a freeflowing regulator, I should hold the second stage with the mouthpiece pressed against my lips At a minimum, I should have _____ visual and _____ audible surface signaling devices 1, 1 The visual signaling device that I might use to signal aircraft is a signal mirror The ______ flag indicates that a vessel has divers in the water and can't maneuver Alpha If there are no specific laws, the rule of thumb is that I should stay within ____ of my dive flag 15 metres/50 feet One way to avoid disorientation while descending and ascending is to follow a reference During an underwater cleanup, my buddy and I fill up a large mesh utility bag with several kilograms/pounds of garbage. We should carry the bag in our hands When choosing a slate, the main option I usually consider is size I log my dives to document training, as a reference tool, to share information, keep related information The minimum information I would typically log includes dive site name, the depth, dive time, and my buddy's name What might I have in a spare parts kit?