PARAMEDIC FISDAP FINALEXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM 2024-2025, Exams of Nursing

Download PARAMEDIC FISDAP FINALEXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM 2024-2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 | P a g e PARAMEDIC FISDAP FINAL EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM 2024-2025 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+|BRAND NEW VERSION!!! |GUARANTEED PASS |LATEST UPDATE FINAL EXAM You have received an order for a dopamine drip. You carry 500cc bags of D5W. How much dopamine should you add to the bag to create a 1600mcg/1mL dilution? A. 800mg B. 1600mcg C. 1600mg D. 400mcg A. 800 mg 2. During the absolute refractory period, what happens to the cardiac cell? A. It is unable to be stimulated. B. The cell is vulnerable to partial stimulation. C. Potassium is being pumped out of the cell. D. Calcium has just rushed into the cell. A. It is unable to be stimulated. 2 | P a g e 3. A 29 year old female fell from an 18 foot roof. During your rapid trauma assessment, where are you most likely to find life-threatening injuries? A. Head, neck, extremities B. Head, chest, abdomen C. Abdomen, pelvis, arms D. Chest, pelvis, extremities B. Head, chest, abdomen 4. Unequal pupils are a result of pressure on which structure? A. Central medulla B. Trochlear membrane C. Vagus nerve D. Occulomotor nerve D. Occulomotor nerve 5. What is an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the blood called? A. Pneumonia B. Hypoxia C. Hypercapnia D. Emphysema C. Hypercapnia 6. What is oxygen deficiency in the body called? A. Hypercarbia B. Hyperoxia C. Hypoxia D. Hypoxemia C. Hypoxia 7. What is your initial priority at a trench collapse? A. Establishing medical command B. Maintaining control of the crowd C. Preventing a secondary collapse D. Protecting the patient's airway A. Establishing medical command 8. A 23 year old male complains of neck stiffness and flu symptoms for the past few days. He also describes a high fever with a severe headache, dizziness and blurred vision. What should you suspect? A. Hemorrhagic stroke B. Migraine C. Meningitis D. Influenza 5 | P a g e 20. A 52 year old male was the unrestrained driver in a frontal impact car crash. Which of the following injuries would lead you to believe the patient traveled "up and over" the dashboard instead of "down and under"? A. Patellar dislocation B. Cervical spine fracture C. Ruptured diaphragm D. Flail chest C. Ruptured diaphragm 21. How does the blood flow through the heart? A. Right ventricle to right atrium to lungs to left ventricle to left atrium B. Right atrium to right ventricle to lungs to left atrium to left ventricle C. Left ventricle to left atrium to lungs to right ventricle to right atrium D. Left atrium to left ventricle to lungs to right atrium to right ventricle B. Right atrium to right ventricle to lungs to left atrium to left ventricle 22. As soon as an infant's head is delivered, what should you do? A. Determine the location of the umbilical cord. B. Rotate the shoulders to the anterolateral position. C. Examine the vulva and perineum for lacerations. D. Exert strong steady pressure on the fundus. A. Determine the location of the umbilical cord. 23. A patient has aphasia following a stroke, which lobe of the brain was affected? A. Temporal B. Occipital C. Parietal D. Frontal A. Temporal 24. What does the P wave represent with an ECG? A. Ventricular depolarization B. Atrial depolarization C. Ventricular repolarization D. Atrial repolarization B. Atrial depolarization 25. A lethargic 22 month old male presents with hoarseness and coughing. He has sternal retractions and his belly and chest move in opposite directions with each breath. He is breathing at a rate of 64. What should you suspect? A. Cardiopulmonary failure. B. Respiratory failure. C. Cardiopulmonary arrest. D. Respiratory distress. 6 | P a g e B. Respiratory failure. 26. A patient was ejected from an automobile and is apneic and pulseless. ECG reveals a regular rhythm with an R-R interval of 1.24 seconds and a QRS width of 110 milliseconds. You should consider A. transcutaneous pacing. B. atropine 0.5 mg IV. C. epinephrine 1 mg IV. D. adenosine 6 mg rapid IV. C. epinephrine 1 mg IV. 27. What organ is located in the upper right quadrant? A. Kidney B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Spleen B. Liver 28. A 24 year old male was stabbed in the thigh. Bright red blood spurts from the wound. What should you suspect that the patient severed? A. Vein B. Artery C. Ligament D. Tendon B. Artery 29. A 24 year old male was working underneath his car when it fell off of the jack. He was under the car approximately 20 minutes before being extricated. He has bluish discoloration of his skin above the nipple line. What should you suspect? A. Traumatic asphyxiation B. Pericardial tamponade C. Cushing's triad D. Pulmonary contusion A. Traumatic asphyxiation 30. A unrestrained 24 year old female driver hit an electrical pole and struck the steering wheel. She appears pale and complains of nausea and abdominal pain. What organ is LEAST likely to suffer an injury as a result of this impact? A. Spleen B. Diagphram C. Liver D. Stomach D. Stomach 7 | P a g e 31. What causes Down's syndrome? A. Brain trauma B. Extra chromosome C. Bacterial infection D. Psychological trauma B. Extra chromosome 32. Where would you insert the needle to decompress the chest? A. Below the 3rd rib midclavicular line B. Below the 4th rib midclavicular line C. Above the 4th rib midclavicular line D. Above the 3rd rib midclavicular line D. Above the 3rd rib midclavicular line 33. A 67 year old male complains of bloody stool with accompanying nausea and emesis. He states symptoms began 3 days ago. Vital signs BP 100/86, P 88, R 18. What should you do? A. IV fluid bolus B. Administer a diuretic C. Administer an antiemetic D. Apply oxygen A. IV fluid bolus 34. How much time do you have to successfully intubate a patient? A. 30 seconds. B. 15 seconds. C. 60 seconds. D. 45 seconds. A. 30 seconds. 35. What condition results when the alveoli collapse? A. Pneumothorax B. Pneumonia C. Effusion D. Atelectasis D. Atelectasis 36. Why should you administer IV fluid to a patient in hypovolemic shock? A. Increase the blood pressure B. Maintain adequate tissue perfusion C. Increase the body's oxygen carrying capacity D. Maintain the body's homeostatic state B. Maintain adequate tissue perfusion 10 | P a g e C. Administer sodium bicarbonate D. Administer nitroglycerin B. Begin manual ventilations 49. Which stage of delivery begins with complete cervical dilation and ends with delivery of the baby? A. Second B. Third C. Fourth D. First A. Second 50. A 7 year old boy is found supine at the base of 15 foot high jungle gym. His teacher is unsure if he fell from the equipment. Vital signs are BP 100/90, R 0, P 42, SaO2 93%. What should you do? A. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. B. Open his airway with a head tilt-chin lift maneuver. C. Open his airway with a jaw thrust maneuver. D. Start CPR. C. Open his airway with a jaw thrust maneuver. 51. What process involves a gas that travels from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration? A. Diffusion B. Osmosis C. Activated Transport D. Filtration A. Diffusion 52. A 12 year old male has suffered a blast injury. What phase would projectiles have caused injury to the patient? A. Primary B. Quaternary C. Tertiary D. Secondary D. Secondary 53. A 25 year old female began to experience shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. She has difficulty speaking in full sentences. Vital signs are BP 116/64, P 96 and regular, RR 24 and labored, SpO2 93% on room air. You auscultate her lung sounds and hear high-pitched lung sounds on exhalation. What should you do? A. Assist with her prescribed nitroglycerin B. Administer albuterol via a nebulizer C. Administer abdominal thrusts D. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask 11 | P a g e B. Administer albuterol via a nebulizer 54. You have been assigned to triage at an MCI. Your patient is bleeding from a cut on his head, R 22, P 100 radially, and he keeps asking "What happened?". What priority should be assigned to this patient? A. Yellow B. Red C. Black D. Green A. Yellow 55. A 32 year old female seated at a restaurant has severe wheezing. She is flushed, appears anxious, and has a runny nose. She states that she is allergic to shellfish and peanuts. What should you suspect? A. Anaphylaxis B. Epiglottitis C. Asthma D. Aspiration A. Anaphylaxis 56. You arrive on scene to find a 14 year old male leaning forward in a chair. He appears anxious, is drooling and you hear high-pitched sounds when he inhales. His mother states he has a fever and has been complaining of a sore throat. What should you suspect? A. Anaphylaxis B. Asthma C. Croup D. Epiglottitis D. Epiglottitis 57. How should you ensure that your glucometer is functioning properly? A. Insert a test strip and ensure that the glucometer turns on. B. Measure your partner's blood glucose level and compare to normal. C. Measure your own blood glucose level and compare to your normal. D. Insert a test strip and acquire a drop of the glucometer control solution D. Insert a test strip and acquire a drop of the glucometer control solution 58. What is the biggest difference between cardiogenic shock and hemorrhagic shock? A. Pulmonary edema B. Hypotension C. Cardiac Arrest D. Cyanosis A. Pulmonary edema 59. When you apply an end-tidal CO2 monitor, what are the 3 main items you are measuring? A. Metabolism, perfusion, and ventilation B. Metabolism, perfusion, and respiration 12 | P a g e C. Metabolism, cardiac output, and ventilation D. Perfusion, ventilation, and oxygenation A. Metabolism, perfusion, and ventilation 60. What do you call progressively deeper, faster breathing alternating gradually with shallow, slower breathing? A. Kussmaul's respirations B. Cheyne-Stokes respirations C. Biot's respirations D. Agonal respirations B. Cheyne-Stokes respirations 61. What happens during phase 0 of the cardiac action potential? A. The sodium-potassium pump is initiated. B. Potassium moves rapidly into the cell. C. The slow calcium channels close. D. The fast sodium channels open. D. The fast sodium channels open. 62. A 26 year old female jumped from the second floor of her house. She states she was getting away from her abusive husband. What should you do? A. Obtain a set of vital signs. B. Check for bilateral ankle fractures. C. Determine if the scene is safe. D. Asses for compression injury to the spine. C. Determine if the scene is safe. 63. What structure has baroreceptors? A. Vena cava B. Ventricular wall C. Atrioventricular node D. Aortic arch D. Aortic arch 64. An alert, 78 year old female complains of dyspnea. She speaks in full sentences and answers all your questions. Vital signs are BP 150/70, P 110 and irregular, R 26 and labored. You note peripheral cyanosis. What should you do? A. Begin positive-pressure ventilation with a BVM. B. Sedate and intubate orotracheally. C. Apply a nasal cannula with high flow oxygen at 2 lpm. D. Apply high flow oxygen at 12-15 lpm. D. Apply high flow oxygen at 12-15 lpm. 15 | P a g e B. A blood glucose reading C. If he responds to forceful control D. Cincinnati stroke scale B. A blood glucose reading 77. What does preload refer to? A. The pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of systole. B. The pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of diastole. C. The pressure in the filled atria at the end of the systole. D. The pressure in the filled atria at the end of the diastole. B. The pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of diastole. 78. Which immunoglobulin is mainly responsible during inflammation? A. IgM B. IgE C. IgG D. IgA B. IgE 79. What percent of oxygen is delivered with a pocket mask on room air? A. 23 B. 92 C. 17 D. 10 C. 17 ? 80. A 57 year old male complains of chest pain, shortness of breath and nausea. A 12 lead ECG shows ST elevation in Ieads V2, V3 and V4. What should you administer? A. Dopamine and oxygen. B. Aspirin and oxygen. C. Epinephrine and nitroglycerin. D. Nitroglycerine and oxygen. B. Aspirin and oxygen. 81. Which of the following is an autosomal disorder of the exocrine glands which results in physiological changes in the respiratory, GI, integumentary, and muscoskeletal systems? A. Tuberculosis B. Sickle cell anemia C. Pneumonia D. Cystic fibrosis D. Cystic fibrosis 82. What structure prevents food or liquid from entering the trachea? A. Thyroid cartilage 16 | P a g e B. Uvula C. Larynx D. Epiglottis D. Epiglottis 83. What is diphenhydramine HCL? A. Beta agonist B. Antihistamine C. Sympathomimetic D. Diuretic B. Antihistamine 84. An 18 year old male was struck in the head by a large rock. When caring for this patient, what should you continually reassess? A. Level of consciousness. B. Locomotor function. C. Pulse motor sensory. D. Quality and degree of pain. A. Level of consciousness. 85. What is the onset of action for succinylcholine? A. 15-30 seconds B. 60-90 seconds C. 3-4 minutes D. 2-3 minutes B. 60-90 seconds 86. You arrive at a house and find the occupants unconscious with the stove on. You should suspect A. carbon monoxide poisoning. B. carbon dioxide poisoning. C. medication overdose. D. cyanide poisoning. A. carbon monoxide poisoning. 87. A 76 year old female is pulseless and apneic. The ECG monitor shows asystole. What should you do? A. Administer epinephrine B. Start chest compressions C. Attempt a precordial thump D. Perform immediate defibrillation B. Start chest compressions 88. Which of the following structures serves as a passageway for both the respiratory and digestive system? A. Trachea 17 | P a g e B. Pharynx C. Esophagus D. Cricoid cartilage B. Pharynx 89. What is a highly infectious disease that causes bronchiolitis? A. RSV B. Pneumonia C. Common cold D. Asthma A. RSV 90. A 39 year old male has an angulated deformity to the humerus. You cannot feel a distal pulse and the limb is blue. What should you do? A. Contact medical control for pain medication orders. B. Attempt to pull gentle traction and realign the bones. C. Splint with a sling and swathe, apply ice, and transport. D. Transport emergently to the closest hospital B. Attempt to pull gentle traction and realign the bones. 91. A 23 year old male complains of diffuse lower leg pain and tension after a car accident. Pedal pulses are absent bilaterally and you note slight cyanosis in his feet. Vital signs are BP 130/90, P 88, R 16. What should you suspect? A. Iliac arterial rupture B. Bilateral tibial fractures C. Compartment syndrome D. Lower leg embolism C. Compartment syndrome 92. What happens to hemoglobin as the blood pH decreases? A. Releases oxygen. B. Releases carbon dioxide. C. Binds to carbon dioxide. D. Binds to oxygen. A. Releases oxygen. 93. A 24 year old male screams at you to leave after your arrive on scene. He states that there are people after him and that they can hear his thoughts. He is agitated nervous, and constantly peering out the windows. His mother states that this is abnormal for him. What is he suffering from? A. Organic psychosis B. Dementia C. Autism D. A neurotic disorder 20 | P a g e B. Hypoxia C. Dyspnea D. Anoxia C. Dyspnea 106. What are you required to report directly to law enforcement? A. Presence of illegal drugs B. Trauma caused by alcohol use C. Suspected child abuse D. Suspected sexual assault D. Suspected sexual assault 107. What is the function of the ductus arteriosus? A. Provide a way for fetal wastes to leave material circulation. B. Allow blood to bypass the fetus's lungs before birth. C. Allow the neonate to take a breath following delivery. D. Decrease ambient pressure in the lungs before birth. B. Allow blood to bypass the fetus's lungs before birth. 108. You are dispatched to a residence for a 67 year old female complaining of chest pain. The patient is pale, diaphoretic and describes are pain as crushing. Vital signs are BP 120/80, Pulse 100, Respirations are 22 and oxygen saturation is 90 percent. Select the correct medications in order: A. Oxygen, Morphine, Digoxin B. Metoprolol, Nitroglycerine, Aspirin C. Nitroglycerine, Aspirin D. Oxygen, Aspirin, Nitroglycerine D. Oxygen, Aspirin, Nitroglycerine 109. What inherited metabolic disease of the lungs and digestive system manifests during childhood? A. Multiple sclerosis B. Cerebral palsy C. Cystic fibrosis D. Sickle cell disease C. Cystic fibrosis 110. Which stage of shock occurs when cardiac output and systolic blood pressures are maintained by increasing catecholamine production? A. Compensated shock B. Uncompensated shock C. Irreversible shock D. Diffuse shock A. Compensated shock 21 | P a g e 111. How many people does it take to provide Optimal BVM ventilation? A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 C. 3 (Likely wrong, D. 2 is better IMO) 112. During the resuscitation of a 45 year old female you note a change in rhythm and the ECG now shows sinus bradycardia. What should you do? A. Assess for a pulse B. Administer atropine C. Obtain a blood pressure D. Begin transcutaneous pacing A. Assess for a pulse 113. A 23 year old alert and pregnant female complains of severe abdominal pain after an motor vehicle crash. You note her stomach is rigid and distended. There is no vaginal bleeding or discharge. Vital signs are BP 94/58, P 128, R 30 and shallow, SpO2 90%. What should you suspect? A. Uterine rupture B. Placenta previa C. Placenta abruptio D. Pre-term labor A. Uterine rupture 114. A motor vehicle collided with an electrical pole resulting in downed power lines. A large crowd has gathered around the accident. Whom should you call for support? A. Volunteer Fire Department and Rescue Squad B. Local Power Company and State Police C. Volunteer Fire Department and State Police D. Local Power Company and Volunteer Fire Department B. Local Power Company and State Police 115. What effect does reducing preload have in a patient with pulmonary edema? A. Decreased respiratory demand B. Decreased cardiac efficiency C. Increased afterload D. Improved cardiac efficiency D. Improved cardiac efficiency 116. Which of the following would properly represent a female who has been pregnant three times, given birth twice, and had one spontaneous abortion? A. P3, G2, AB1. B. P5, G2, AB1. 22 | P a g e C. G3, P2, AB1. D. G2, P2, AB1. C. G3, P2, AB1. 117. A 28 year old male has severe flank pain radiating to his back. He squirms around on the floor unable to find a comfortable position, rating his pain a 9/10. He has consumed no fluids over the past day. Vital signs are BP 200/80, P 100, R 18. What should you do? A. Administer morphine or hydromorphone. B. Apply oxygen by nonrebreather mask and transport. C. Establish IV access and administer a fluid bolus. D. Administer aspirin and nitroglycerin. A. Administer morphine or hydromorphone. 118. An 18 year old female with a suspected cervical spine injury has a significant amount of blood in her mouth. What should you do? A. Stabilize her head and suction her airway. B. Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver and attempt to ventilate her. C. Perform a jaw-thrust and finger sweep in order to remove blood from her mouth. D. Assess the her respiratory rate for no longer than 30 seconds. A. Stabilize her head and suction her airway. 119. A a family calls you to take their 20 year old son to the hospital for an involuntary psychiatric evaluation. They state that he is physically aggressive and refuses to take his antipsychotic drugs. He is quiet and refuses to communicate. What should you do? A. Ask the parents to help you restrain the patient. B. Talk firmly and tell him that you are going to restrain him now, but you will release the restraints enroute if he behaves himself. C. Call for police assistance to get a transport hold. D. Call another medic or fire unit to assist you. C. Call for police assistance to get a transport hold. 120. You are dispatched for a 78 yo male who has fallen. He currently has no complaints and is alert and oriented. He is unsure if he lost consciousnessness at any point. He takes metoprolol and atorvastatin. His blood pressure when lying down is 140/90 with a HR of 58 which becomes 100/60 with a HR of 59 when standing. You suspect which of the following as a the most likely etiology of his fall: A. hemorrhagic stroke B. unsteady gait with poor mobility C. medication side effect D. acute myocardial infarction C. medication side effect 121. What is an injury to ligaments around a joint called? A. Dislocation B. Sprain 25 | P a g e A. Cushing's disease 133. What is the main site of drug metabolism? A. Liver B. Kidney C. Spleen D. Lungs A. Liver 134. Your 65 year old male patient presents with a fever and sharp, steady pain along the upper neck and shoulder that worsens when he takes a breath. Vital signs are BP 144/92, P 99 and regular, R 18 and regular, SpO2 of 95% on room air. What should you do? A. Administer nitroglycerin B. Obtain intravenous access C. Perform a 12-lead ECG D. Apply oxygen C. Perform a 12-lead ECG 135. A 23 year old pregnant female is pushing when you arrive. You find her bag of water broke and the fluid was green. Fetal heart tones are 80. What should you do? A. Encourage her to continue pushing. B. Start at least one large bore IV. C. Place her on her side and apply oxygen. D. Place her in knee-chest position and apply oxygen. C. Place her on her side and apply oxygen. 136. A 16 year old boy tells you that he "caught" his 40 year old mother "holding a handful of sleeping pills." The son explains that she is depressed, and he is convinced that she meant to kill herself. She is extremely agitated and is refusing treatment. What should you do? A. Request law enforcement assistance to transport the patient. B. Contact social services to recommend they follow up on this family. C. Carefully document the woman's refusal and have her sign the form. D. Encourage the patient to see a mental health professional that day. A. Request law enforcement assistance to transport the patient. 137. A 56 year old female has an arm injury with arterial bleeding. The dressing becomes soaked with blood. What should you do? A. Wrap an elastic bandage around the blood soaked dressing. B. Apply additional dressing material with direct pressure. C. Remove and replace the dressing with a thicker dressing. D. Cover the existing dressing with an occlusive dressing. B. Apply additional dressing material with direct pressure. 26 | P a g e 138. A 32 year old female attempted to commit suicide by taking sleeping pills and cutting her wrists. She has dark red blood oozing from the wrist lacerations. Vital signs are BP 90/52, P 130 and weak, R 18. What type of bleeding should you suspect? A. Arterial B. Superficial C. Venous D. Capillary C. Venous 139. A 51 year old male with a history of COPD is having difficulty breathing. Vital signs are BP 136/74, R 22, P 100, SpO2 95%. What should you do? A. Apply high-flow oxygen by bag-valve mask. B. Withhold oxygen to avoid decreasing the hypoxic drive. C. Apply low-flow oxygen by nasal cannula. D. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask. D. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask. 140. What is the leading cause of cardiac arrest in pediatric populations? A. Infection B. Blunt force trauma C. Respiratory compromise D. Hypovolemic shock C. Respiratory compromise 141. A 55 year old female has difficulty breathing and is unable to lie supine. She has pedal edema and bilateral crackles are heard on auscultation. What should you suspect? A. Congestive heart failure B. Asthma exacerbation C. Chronic bronchitis D. Myocardial infarction A. Congestive heart failure 142. An alert, ambulatory, 26 year old female admits to laying her motorcycle down at 25 mph to avoid a crash. She has extreme pain to her left side where you note severe abrasions. She denies any neck or back pain. What should you do? A. Sterile dressings and treat her pain with ice. B. Oxygen and transport in a semi-sitting position of comfort. C. C-collar and immobilize her fully in the standing position. D. C-collar and transport her on his left side. C. C-collar and immobilize her fully in the standing position. 143. A 45 year old female has type I diabetes and a non-healing foot ulcer. You find that she lacks sensation in her foot. What should you suspect? A. Brown-Sequards 27 | P a g e B. Peripheral neuropathy C. Claudication D. Ranaud's syndrome B. Peripheral neuropathy 144. What environmental emergency is life-threatening? A. Chilblains B. Heat exhaustion C. Heat stroke D. Frostbite C. Heat stroke 145. Where is the blood found during hemoptysis? A. Stool B. Esophagus C. Sputum D. Urine C. Sputum 146. What distinguishes pre-eclampsia from eclampsia? A. Presence of albuminuria B. Occurrence of convulsion or coma C. Weight gain of over 40 pounds D. Systolic blood pressure over 200 mg Hg B. Occurrence of convulsion or coma 147. A 19 year old female is semi-conscious with snoring respirations. She has overdosed on benzodiazepines. You should use a/an A. nasopharyngeal airway. B. oropharyngeal airway. C. endotracheal airway. D. dual lumen airway. A. nasopharyngeal airway. 148. Where does the electrical impulse in the heart begin? A. Bundle of His B. AV node C. Purkinje fibers D. SA node D. SA node 149. In what leads does ST elevation suggest an anterior wall MI? A. V3, V4 B. II, III, and aVF 30 | P a g e B. Pelvic fracture 161. A patient with AIDS vomited blood during transport. How should you disinfect your ambulance? A. Soak the mattress pad for 20 minutes in disinfectant, then let the mattress stand for 6 hours before use. B. Using universal precautions, spray a bleach-based cleaning solution and carefully wipe down the stretcher. C. Replace the mattress and throw out the sheets. D. Place the ambulance out of service until a full OSHA cleaning can be completed. B. Using universal precautions, spray a bleach-based cleaning solution and carefully wipe down the stretcher. 162. You are dispatched for a 78 year old person fallen. They have no complaints and are alert and oriented. They state they are unsure if they lost consciousness at any point. The patient takes metoprolol and atorvastatin. Vital signs: BP 130/84, P 88, R 16, SpO2 = 95%. The patient wants to refuse care. You should first: A. acquire a 12 lead ECG B. counsel the patient to accept transport C. repeat the vital signs D. complete a fingerstick glucose A. acquire a 12 lead ECG 163. What is the most effective way to terminate ventricular fibrillation? A. Defibrillation B. Cardioversion C. Chest compressions D. Amiodarone A. Defibrillation 164. A 36 year old male and his 34 year old wife complain of severe headaches, confusion, and dizziness. He also complains of chest pain. Both are short of breath. What type of poisoning should you suspect? A. Organophosphate B. Carbon dioxide C. Carbon monoxide D. Ammonia C. Carbon monoxide 165. When the vascular container enlarges without proportional increase in the fluid volume, what type of shock should you suspect? A. Hypovolemic B. Decompensated C. Cardiogenic D. Distributive D. Distributive 31 | P a g e 166. You need to perform a needle cricothyrotomy for transtracheal jet ventilation on an adult patient. What is the smallest catheter that is recommended for use? A. 16ga. B. 12ga. C. 18ga. D. 14ga. A. 16ga. 167. A patient has been taking pain medication for several months. To maintain the desired effect, they must periodically increase his dose. What is this known as? A. Cumulative effect B. Tolerance C. Synergism D. Additive effect B. Tolerance 168. A 70 year old male with a history of CHF complains of severe dyspnea. During transport his SpO2 drops to 76% and he starts to cough up pink sputum. What should you do? A. Assist his ventilations B. Increase the flow of oxygen C. Administer 40mg of Lasix IVP D. Perform a 12 lead EKG A. Assist his ventilations 169. A 47 year old, 98 kg male has burns on 25% of his body. In the first 8 hours post-burn, what fluid treatment should he recieve? A. 9800 ml of normal saline (NS). B. 4900 ml of normal saline (NS). C. 4900 ml of lactated ringers (LR). D. 9800 ml of lactated ringers (LR). C. 4900 ml of lactated ringers (LR). 170. What is the correct dosage of ipratropium bromide during an asthma attack? A. 0.3-0.5 mg, subcutaneously B. 250 mg, by nebulizer C. 0.5 mg, by nebulizer D. 0.25 mg, subcutaneously C. 0.5 mg, by nebulizer 171. What structure contains the respiratory center of the brain? A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Pons D. Medulla 32 | P a g e D. Medulla 172. What is the movement of drugs in the body as they are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted called? A. Biotransformation B. Pharmacokinetics C. The mechanism of action D. Pharmacodynamics B. Pharmacokinetics 173. Which cranial nerve is responsible for sensation in the face? A. VII B. V C. VIII D. II B. V 174. A known alcoholic is unresponsive and coughing up bright, red blood. Which of the following would be contraindicated? A. Dual lumen airway B. Bag-valve mask C. Nasopharyngeal airway D. Endotracheal tube A. Dual lumen airway 175. A 20 year old female was involved in a car crash. She complains of midline neck pain and is unable to move her extremities. What secondary injury should you suspect? A. Difficulty breathing B. Vertebral swelling C. Subluxation D. Ruptured vertebrae B. Vertebral swelling 176. What additional resources would you need at a motor vehicle accident with a trapped 22 year old female? A. Additional State Police and the Fire Department. B. Rescue Squad and the Fire Department. C. Second ambulance and additional State Police. D. Second ambulance and the Fire Department. B. Rescue Squad and the Fire Department. 177. A crew member has thick facial hair. Which of the following is the most appropriate protection against airborne pathogens? A. Surgical particulate mask 35 | P a g e A. Decompensated to hypovolemic B. Compensated to decompensated C. Decompensated to compensated D. Neurogenic to hypovolemic B. Compensated to decompensated 189. What is the name of the tracheal ring that sits directly inferior to the larynx? A. Cuneiform cartilage B. Cricoid cartilage C. Thyroid cartilage D. Corniculate cartilage B. Cricoid cartilage 190. What condition is caused by twisting of the spermatic cord, resulting in a sudden onset of severe scrotal pain? A. Epididymitis B. Urinary calculi C. Priapism D. Testicular torsion D. Testicular torsion 191. At a mass gathering several hundred people suddenly began to experience severe salivation, lacrimation, urination, and vomiting. What should you do? A. Set up a command post and ensure scene safety. B. Alert the Center for Disease Control. C. Contact the Department of Homeland Security. D. Evacuate all of the patients from the premises. A. Set up a command post and ensure scene safety. 192. A 88 year old female has acute onset of diplopia, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and unilateral facial drooping. What should you suspect? A. Bacterial meningitis B. An ischemic stroke C. A subdural hematoma D. A postictal state B. An ischemic stroke 193. A 13 year old has been found unresponsive on her bedroom floor. She has shallow respirations at four-times-a-minute, unobtainable radial pulse, pinpoint pupils, and a slow carotid pulse. Her mother provides you with a prescription bottle labeled morphine. Assisted ventilations are started with a bag- valve mask and an IV has been established. What medication would benefit this patient the most? A. Lidocaine B. Atropine 36 | P a g e C. Naloxone D. Epinephrine C. Naloxone 194. Which of the following is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction? A. Trauma B. The tongue C. Laryngeal spasm D. Foreign bodies B. The tongue 195. What contains detailed information about all potentially hazardous substances found in a workplace? A. MSDS B. Placards C. NFPA labels D. UN number signs A. MSDS 196. What ion plays a major role in regulating the distribution of water in the body? A. Magnesium B. Calcium C. Sodium D. Potassium C. Sodium 197. After initial treatments of an arterial bleed in the left forearm are unsuccessful. What should you do? A. Apply pressure to the radial artery. B. Apply a tourniquet. C. Apply pressure to the subclavian artery. D. Lower the extremity. B. Apply a tourniquet. 198. What complication may occur as a result of incomplete delivery of the placenta? A. Uterine rupture B. Chronic urinary tract infections C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation D. Postpartum vaginal hemorrhage C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation 199. Which is a sign of respiratory failure for an adult? A. Mouth breathing B. Breathing 16 times per minute. 37 | P a g e C. Nasal flaring D. Skin is pink and dry. C. Nasal flaring 200. What personal protective equipment is worn during intubation? A. Gloves, eye protection, mask, and gown B. Gloves C. Gloves, eye protection, and mask D. Gloves and eye protection C. Gloves, eye protection, and mask 201. An alert and oriented 35 year old female is sitting on the ground after a car accident. Vital signs are BP 90/62, P 96, R 24 and shallow. She denies any numbness or tingling in her extremities. What should you do? A. Transport her immediately. B. Obtain her medical history. C. Reassess her vitals. D. Secure her to a long backboard. A. Transport her immediately. 202. What complicates coronary perfusion during in CPR? A. Hyperinflation of the lungs B. Esophageal intubation C. Gastric distention D. Poor airway management C. Gastric distention 203. When completing the narrative portion of your prehospital care report, the "O" in SOAP stands for: A. Objection B. Observation C. Objective D. Operation C. Objective 204. How do you determine that you are doing adequate CPR on a child? A. Check for a change in rhythm on the cardiac monitor. B. Compress the chest at a rate greater than 200. C. Check for a carotid pulse during compressions. D. Compress the chest at least three inch minimum depth. C. Check for a carotid pulse during compressions. 205. A 72 year old female has altered mental status, irritability, and delirium. Her husband states she has lost 10 lbs in the last 2 weeks. Vital signs are BP 170/100, P 160, temp 102F, skin warm and dry. What should you suspect? 40 | P a g e D. 4-6 minutes 217. While assessing a 32 year old pregnant female, you discover fetal heart tones at 98 bpm. What should you do? A. Obtain a secondary set of vital signs B. Start a dopamine drip C. Turn to her left side and apply oxygen D. Administer atropine C. Turn to her left side and apply oxygen 218. A 42 year old female complains of tinnitus, nausea and vomiting. Her husband meets you at the door and states that he returned home this morning finding his wife and two children lying on the floor with nausea and headaches. What type of poisoning should you suspect? A. Severe randon gas B. Carbon monoxide C. Toxic black mold D. Hydrogen sulfide B. Carbon monoxide 219. A 30 year old female has recently given birth at home. During transport she has a sudden onset of shortness of breath and chest pain. Vital signs are BP 96/60, P 130, R 30, SpO2 92%. What should you administer? A. High-flow oxygen and a fluid bolus. B. Low-flow oxygen and tocolytic. C. A bronchodilator and perform a detailed exam. D. Nitroglycerin and obtain a 12 lead ECG. A. High-flow oxygen and a fluid bolus. 220. A 45 year old female has been sexually assaulted with a blunt object. She complains of diffuse abdominal pain, and her vital signs are BP 100/60, P 120, R 26. What should you suspect? A. Internal hemorrhage B. Ectopic pregnancy C. Prolapsed uterus D. Uterine cramping A. Internal hemorrhage 221. How should you manage the airway of an unconscious 55 year old male with snoring respirations? A. Head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver B. Endotracheal intubation C. Modified jaw-thrust maneuver D. Sellick's maneuver A. Head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver 41 | P a g e 222. Lead aVR is often discounted. What is the significance of ST elevations in this lead? A. Old STEMI B. Proximal LMCA occlusion C. No significance D. Significant lateral MI B. Proximal LMCA occlusion 223. In which factor of clotting physiology are the clotting proteins, platelets, and red blood cells "washed out" of the vascular space through ongoing hemorrhage? A. Medication B. Hemodilution C. Hypothermia D. Acidosis B. Hemodilution 224. A patient vomits blood onto your uniform at the hospital. Your service has no more ambulances available. What should you do? A. Alert dispatch that you are out of service for the next 6 hours. B. Rinse your uniform out in the sink and notify dispatch of your location. C. Wash your uniform only if your patient had a communicable disease. D. Thoroughly clean yourself, the ambulance and don a pair of scrubs. D. Thoroughly clean yourself, the ambulance and don a pair of scrubs. 225. During transport a 32 year old pregnant female tells you the baby is coming. You look and see two feet at the vaginal canal. What should you do? A. Apply fundal pressure and prepare for a breech delivery. B. Direct your partner to pull over and come back to assist you. C. Tell her to pant and have your partner begin rapid transport. D. Apply oxygen and place her in a knee-chest position. D. Apply oxygen and place her in a knee-chest position. 226. When measuring the R-R interval, you note three large boxes in between. What would the heart rate be? A. 75 beats/min B. 100 beats/min C. 150 beats/min D. 60 beats/min B. 100 beats/min 42 | P a g e 227. A 22 year old female complains of body aches, severe headache and blurred vision. She admits to having large amounts of alcohol the night before. What diagnosis you should consider LAST? A. Cerebral vascular accident B. Hangover C. Migraine headache D. Meningitis B. Hangover 228. A febrile 78 year old male in respiratory distress has a productive cough with yellow sputum. Lung sounds are absent in the lower third of his lung fields. What is a DEFINITIVE treatment for this patient? A. Albuterol B. Furosemide C. Ipratropium bromide D. Antibiotics D. Antibiotics 229. You arrive on the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving a car and a bus. You should A. Determine number of patients, determine if any additional resources are needed and proceed into the scene B. Assess the scene for any hazards, determine the number of patients while determine if any additional resources are needed C. Assess the scene for any hazards, determine the number of patients than start to hand out triage tags D. Assess the scene for hazards, call for a mass casualty unit and wait for a second ambulance prior to entering the scene B. Assess the scene for any hazards, determine the number of patients while determine if any additional resources are needed 230. What chemical mediator released from mast cells is responsible for producing an acute allergic response? A. Acetylcholine B. Histamine C. Dopamine D. Epinephrine B. Histamine 231. Which glands release their chemical products through ducts for a local effect? A. Endocrine B. Adrenal C. Exocrine D. Hormone C. Exocrine 232. What is the dose for lorazepam for seizures? A. 2 g IV 45 | P a g e C. In a red bag with a bio hazard seal 244. A 43 year old male complains of a stiff neck, persistent cough, and fever for the past week. He states he has been in and out of homeless shelters for the past 5 months. What should you do? A. Apply oxygen by non-rebreather mask. B. Put on eye protection and a surgical mask. C. Have the patient wear a HEPA mask. D. Use gloves, gown, and HEPA mask. D. Use gloves, gown, and HEPA mask. 245. What medical term describes wheals on the skin during an allergic reaction? A. Urticaria B. Angioedema C. Pruritus D. Myxedema A. Urticaria 246. What are the 5 variables needed to interpret cardiac rhythms? A. Rate, regularity, QRS width, P waves, and P-R interval B. Rate, irregularity, U wave, P waves, and P-R interval C. Rate, regularity, ST segment, QRS width, and T waves D. Rate, regularity, QRS width, ST segment, and P-R interval A. Rate, regularity, QRS width, P waves, and P-R interval 247. A 42 year old male complain of hives and itching on his lower right leg immediately after mowing the lawn. Vital signs are BP 146/84, P 92, R 16. What should you suspect? A. Anaphylaxis B. Allergic reaction C. Eczema D. Insecticide poisoning B. Allergic reaction 248. A 25 year old female is in labor and reports an urge to push. Suddenly her contractions weaken. You should suspect: A. uterine rupture B. false labor C. uterine inversion D. placenta previa A. uterine rupture 249. An 27 year old male suffered a partial amputation of his foot in a farming accident. Bleeding is controlled. He is alert and oriented but refuses treatment. He speaks directly with online medical control but still refuses treatment and transportation. What should you do? A. Call law enforcement for an assisted transport. 46 | P a g e B. Carefully obtain and document the patient's refusal. C. Assume implied consent and transport the patient. D. Call social services and report suspicions of neglect. B. Carefully obtain and document the patient's refusal. 250. An unresponsive 35 year old female has been stabbed in the abdomen. She flexes her arms when you establish an IV and mumbles incomprehensible words, but her eyes remain closed. Respirations are 8-10 times per minute. How should you protect her airway? A. Nasal airway B. Endotracheal tube C. Head tilt chin lift D. Oropharyngeal airway B. Endotracheal tube 251. What does S-T segment elevation greater than 0.1 mV in at least two contiguous leads indicate? A. Active ischemia B. Unstable angina C. A Mobitz II heart block D. A myocardial infarction D. A myocardial infarction 252. A 25 year old female is unresponsive and apneic after being ejected from a vehicle. What is the best way to manage her airway? A. Jaw-thrust maneuver B. Endotracheal intubation C. Sellick's maneuver D. Esophageal intubation B. Endotracheal intubation 253. An alert 18 year old female is trapped in her car. Her waist and legs are pinned against the dashboard and she complains of hip and left leg pain. After a prolonged extrication from the car, her vital signs begin to deteriorate. What should you suspect? A. Neurogenic shock B. Crush syndrome C. Air embolism D. Internal injuries B. Crush syndrome 254. Which of the following enzymes is most specific for cardiac injury? A. Myoglobin B. Troponin C. Creatine kinase D. Lactic dehydrogenase 47 | P a g e B. Troponin 255. You are treating a 56 year old female with severe hypoglycemia who is unconscious. How should you elevate her blood sugar? A. Give glucose orally or IM if there is no gag reflex B. Try glucagon IM, if it fails give dextrose IO C. Give dextrose IV, if IV fails give glucagon IM D. Give glucagon IM or administer glucose buccally C. Give dextrose IV, if IV fails give glucagon IM 256. A 22 year old male fell off a ladder. His respiratory rate is 10 and lung sounds are diminished bilaterally. What should you do? A. Perform nasotracheal intubation. B. Check for a carotid pulse. C. Assist his ventilations. D. Place a cervical collar. C. Assist his ventilations. 257. A 37 year old female complains of a possible overdose. She is hyperventilating and tachycardic. Which drug is most likely to result in her symptoms? A. Opiates B. Methamphetamine C. Alcohol D. Beta-blockers B. Methamphetamine 258. You are the first ambulance to arrive on the scene of a school bus rollover. The fire department has stabilized the bus. What should you do? A. Have your partner begin triaging patients. B. Wait for your manager to arrive on scene. C. Load and transport the first patient you find. D. Begin filling out patient care reports. A. Have your partner begin triaging patients. 259. What is a temporary occlusion caused by a coronary artery spasm known as? A. Prinzmetal's angina B. Acute angina pectoris C. Unstable angina D. Pre-infarct angina A. Prinzmetal's angina 260. A 26 year old female is supine and only responding to voice with unintelligible gurgling noises. Her husband tells you she is an epileptic. She had a seizure during which he was able to gently assist her to the ground. What should you do? 50 | P a g e A. Alveoli 272. What is the study of the drug receptor interaction called? A. Pharmacology B. Physiology C. Pharmacodynamics D. Pharmacokinetics C. Pharmacodynamics 273. What are the primary ions involved in action potential synthesis and transmission? A. K+, Na+, Hg+++ B. Na+, K+, Ca++ C. Ca++, Na+ D. Ca++, H+ B. Na+, K+, Ca++ 274. An 80 year old male is confused and in his apartment on a hot summer day. Vital signs are BP 80/P, P 132 and regular, R 40 and shallow, skin is hot and dry. What should you suspect? A. Heatstroke B. Hypoglycemia C. Heat exhaustion D. Dementia A. Heatstroke 275. What will initial compensatory mechanisms do during hemorrhaging? A. Decrease respiratory rate and increase heart rate. B. Increase stroke volume and increase cardiac output. C. Increase cardiac output and reduce mean arterial pressure. D. Decrease peripheral vascular resistance and increase respiratory rate. B. Increase stroke volume and increase cardiac output. 276. What molecule are ketone bodies metabolized from? A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Glycogen D. Proteins B. Lipids 277. What neural signal prevents the lungs from overinflating? A. Crutzfelts-Jacobs reflex B. Epstein-Barr reflex C. Frank-Starling reflex D. Hering-Breuer reflex D. Hering-Breuer reflex 51 | P a g e 278. A 72 year old female woke with dyspnea. Crackles are audible to her scapulae bilaterally. She is coughing frothy pink sputum. Vital signs are BP 158/98, P 128, R 8. What should you do to improve her minute volume? A. Administer nitroglycerin 0.4 mg sublingual B. Administer furosemide 1 mg/kg IV at 20 mg/min C. Intubate and ventilate with a BVM D. Provide oxygen by non-rebreather mask C. Intubate and ventilate with a BVM 279. A 55 year old female was in a motor vehicle crash. She starts vomiting while you attempt to nasotracheally intubate her. What should you do? A. Remove the tube and use an ET tube. B. Auscultate breath sounds over the lungs and epigastrium. C. Remove the tube and clear the airway. D. Attempt to intubate through her other nostril. C. Remove the tube and clear the airway. 280. A 43 year old patient was struck in the chest and has a large bruise over her sternum. She states that her heart "feels like it is beating funny. The 3 lead ECG shows sinus tachycardia with ST elevation and frequent unifocal premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Vital signs are BP 108/80, P 124 and irregular, R 22. What medication should you administer? A. Adenosine, 6 mg over five minutes B. Amiodarone, 150 mg over 10 minutes C. Lidocaine, 1.0 mg/kg over 10 minutes D. Magnesium, 1.5 mg over 5 minutes B. Amiodarone, 150 mg over 10 minutes 281. A 30 year old female is delivering a newborn. Which areas of the newborn's head should you avoid touching? A. Eyes and jaw B. Mouth and fontanelles C. Mouth and nose D. Eyes and fontanelles D. Eyes and fontanelles 282. What does asymmetrical chest wall movement that weakens respiratory efficiency indicate? A. Flail chest B. Pneumothorax C. Tracheal obstruction D. Air embolism A. Flail chest 283. Which of the following should be documented on any patient refusal report? A. The style and type of vehicle the patient drives 52 | P a g e B. The last time the patient saw a primary care physician C. The patient's job occupation D. The willingness for EMS to return if needed D. The willingness for EMS to return if needed 284. What is a contraindication of an oropharyngeal airway? A. Broken teeth B. A basal skull fracture C. A gag reflex D. A GCS greater than 5 C. A gag reflex 285. What occurs naturally in white blood cells and produces allergic and inflammatory reactions? A. Histamine blockers B. Leukotrienes C. Eosinophils D. Thromboxanes B. Leukotrienes 286. The negative electrode is placed on the right arm, the positive electrode is placed on the left leg, the ground lead is on the left arm. This represents the correct lead placement for what Lead? A. MCL Lead. B. Lead I. C. Lead II. D. Lead III. C. Lead II. 287. An unresponsive 20 yo male struck his head. Vital signs are BP 180/20, P 40, R 8. What should you do? A. Perform endotracheal intubation B. Ventilate using a BVM at 12/min C. Apply oxygen 10lpm via mask D. Administer 0.5 mg Atropine D. Administer 0.5 mg Atropine 288. Expiratory stridor indicates obstruction or narrowing of what part of the airway? A. Lower trachea B. Supraglottic C. Larynx D. Upper trachea B. Supraglottic 289. What is the phase after a generalized seizure called? A. Postictal 55 | P a g e C. Decompensated shock with respiratory failure D. Compensated shock with respiratory failure C. Decompensated shock with respiratory failure 301. What classification is give to drugs that have accepted medical indications but a high abuse potential that may lead to physical or psychological dependence? A. Schedule II B. Schedule III C. Schedule IV D. Schedule V A. Schedule II 302. The end tidal CO2 detector is reading 0 mmHg after endotracheal intubation. Where does this indicate your tube has been placed? A. Left mainstem bronchus B. Esophagus C. Trachea D. Right mainstem bronchus B. Esophagus 303. A 50 year old male complains of light headedness and chest discomfort. Vital signs are BP 100/86, P 40, R 16. An ECG reveals a second degree type I AV block. What should you do? A. Start transcutaneous pacing B. Administer atropine C. Administer amiodarone D. Start a dopamine drip B. Administer atropine 304. Which of the following hormones affects the body's biological clock? A. Calcitonin B. Cortisol C. Melatonin D. Aldosterone C. Melatonin 305. Your successfully placed Endotracheal tube with a capnometry of 29 suddenly decreases to 4. What method would you use to determine the cause? A. LEMONS B. MOANS C. RODS D. DOPE D. DOPE 56 | P a g e 306. When communicating via the radio to your receiving hospital, it is common practice to use the "echo procedure." This procedure A. ensures that only the important facts have been communicated. B. confirms accurate reception and understanding. C. eliminates the use of words that are difficult to understand during the transmission.. D. conforms to HIPPA by protecting the patient's privacy. B. confirms accurate reception and understanding. 307. "https://testing.fisdap.net/testing_images/MH2009/aeh82892_3512_11412.jpg"><br> In this image, what does the circles dark tissue of the heart illustrate? A. cardiac contusion B. pericardial effusion C. pulmonary contusion D. cardiac laceration A. cardiac contusion 308. A 55 year old male patient complains of shortness of breath and chest tightness. His skin is pale and cool, and his respirations are 30 and shallow. You should deliver oxygen via: A. Nonrebreather mask. B. Bag-valve mask. C. Nasal cannula. D. CPAP device. B. Bag-valve mask. 309. A joint dislocation occurs when the normal articulating ends of two or more bones are displaced. A complete dislocation is called a ____. A. Luxation B. sprain C. subluxation D. strain C. subluxation 310. A contraindication for the use of morphine sulfate is: A. pulmonary edema B. kidney stones C. hypovolemia D. chest pain C. hypovolemia 311. How should you treat an impaled object in the abdomen? A. Remove the object, and apply a porous dressing moistened with sterile saline to the wound. B. Secure the object, control bleeding, and use bulky dressings to stabilize the object. C. Remove the object, apply an occlusive dressing to the wound. D. Manual secure the object and inflate the pneumatic anti-shock garment to stabilize the object. 57 | P a g e B. Secure the object, control bleeding, and use bulky dressings to stabilize the object. 312. A 34 year old female complains of an open sore on her leg that will not go away. She says that she cut her leg while shaving in the shower at her local gym 2 weeks ago. Her doctor prescribed antibiotics, but nothing has changed. What should you suspect? A. Boils B. MRSA C. Varicose vein D. Necrotizing fasciitis B. MRSA 313. After intubation you hear gurgling over the stomach and no breath sounds over the chest. What should you suspect? A. Esophageal intubation B. Right mainstem placement C. A malfunction of the ET tube D. Proper placement A. Esophageal intubation 314. When examining the abdomen of a female who is five months pregnant, where would you expect to palpate the superior portion of the uterus? A. Above the symphysis pubis B. Hypochondriac region C. Epigastric region. D. At the umbilicus D. At the umbilicus 315. A 26 year old female is trapped after a motor vehicle collision. The driver's side window is broken, the airbags did not deploy, and the car came to rest on a steep grassy slope. When approaching her, what should you do? A. Pop the hood to disconnect the battery. B. Cut out the windshield to gain access. C. Have her sit perfectly still. D. Place cribbing under the tires. D. Place cribbing under the tires. 316. What is the leading cause of infant and child death? A. Allergic reactions B. Congenital defects C. Vascular stenosis D. Respiratory arrest D. Respiratory arrest 60 | P a g e C. 80 D. 67 B. 70 329. What is a typical dose for Ativan for seizures? A. 200 mcg IV B. 2 g IV C. 2 gr IV D. 2-4 mg IV D. 2-4 mg IV 330. A 72 year old female overdosed on Norvasc (amlodipine) four hours ago. Vital signs are BP 70/50, P 40, R 20. What should you do? A. Dopamine drip B. Calcium chloride IV bolus C. Normal saline bolus D. Start transcutaneous pacing D. Start transcutaneous pacing 331. A 19 year old female gives birth to a baby boy. You note blue extremities and a pink trunk. His pulse is 108 and he cries weakly. He grimaces when you suction him, but other movement is limited. What is his APGAR score? A. 4 B. 8 C. 6 D. 2 C. 6 332. Why is the electrical impulse slightly delayed at the AV node? A. To allow the primary cardiac pacemaker to reset. B. To allow the bundle of His can depolarize fully. C. So the atria can empty into the ventricles. D. So the ventricles can contract completely. C. So the atria can empty into the ventricles. 333. What is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain called? A. Meningitis B. Encephalitis C. Aneurysm D. Hydrocephalis A. Meningitis 334. A 66 year old female has shortness of breath and diffuse back pain. Auscultation of lungs reveal crackles in the bases. Vital signs are BP 170/110 and P 112. What should you do administer? 61 | P a g e A. Furosemide B. Nitroglycerin C. Albuterol D. Adenosine B. Nitroglycerin 335. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for basic reflexes like chewing and swallowing? A. Amygdala B. Cranial nerves C. Midbrain D. Medulla oblongata B. Cranial nerves 336. A 28 year old female complains of dyspnea while eating dinner at a restaurant. She has audible wheezing and facial swelling with urticaria. Vital signs are BP 100/72, P 130, R 24, SpO2 94%. What should you do? A. Administer diphenhydramine. B. Establish two large bore IVs. C. Position her supine. D. Administer high-flow oxygen. D. Administer high-flow oxygen. 337. Why do you avoid flexion of the wrist once the laryngoscope is in the mouth? A. Injury to the upper teeth B. Laceration of the vallecula C. Injury to the lower teeth D. Laceration of the tongue A. Injury to the upper teeth 338. You are at a chemical plant where 12 workers are exposed to chemical fumes. They have severe dyspnea and are moaning on the ground. What should you do? A. Administer 2 mg of Atropine every three to five minutes B. Administer oxygen at 15 LPM via NRB mask C. Set up an incident command post D. Begin triage C. Set up an incident command post 339. In the Incident Management System, what is the Liaison Officer is responsible for? A. Supporting incident operations. B. All of the on scene actions. C. Collecting data from the incident and releases it to the press. D. Coordinating all operations involving outside agencies. D. Coordinating all operations involving outside agencies. 62 | P a g e 340. A 57 year old female was the unrestrained driver in a frontal impact collision. Which of the following injuries would lead you to believe she traveled "up and over" the dashboard, instead of "down and under"? A. A patellar dislocation B. A flail chest C. A ruptured diaphragm D. A cervical spine fracture C. A ruptured diaphragm 341. An elderly male fell 12 feet onto a concrete surface and complains of head, neck, and back pain. He states he is having difficulty breathing. You note fractures of his right upper arm and lower leg. What should you do? A. Endotracheally intubate and immobilize the spine. B. Support the cervical spine while managing the airway. C. Perform a detailed assessment including vital signs. D. Take spinal precautions and apply the PASG. B. Support the cervical spine while managing the airway. 342. What animal carries Lyme disease? A. Wasp B. Bee C. Spider D. Tick D. Tick 343. An alert 75 year old male after slipped on his wet sidewalk. He is sober and denies hitting his head. He states his legs just went out from under him and he fell to his right knee. His right leg is internally rotated and shortened. Vital signs are BP 110/40, P 96, R 18. What should you suspect? A. Hip fracture B. Femur fracture C. Hip dislocation D. Spinal injury C. Hip dislocation 344. A 42 year old male has itchy skin and hives on his lower right leg. He states that he was mowing the lawn when this occurred. Vital signs are BP 146/84, P 92 and regular, and R16 unlabored. What should you do? A. Administer diphenhydramine. B. Apply an ice pack to the rash. C. Administer epinephrine. D. Apply antibiotic ointment. A. Administer diphenhydramine. 65 | P a g e B. Medulla C. Cerebellum D. Hypothalamus B. Medulla 357. List all regions of human vertebral column. A. Intervertebral, coccyx, lumbar, thoracic. B. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal, coccyx. C. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal. D. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccygeal, coccyx C. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal. 358. What is one of the best ways to minimize anxiety during a physical examination? A. Drive slowly to the hospital. B. Warm your hands and instruments prior to their use. C. Keep the patient's clothes on. D. Use a calm, professional demeanor. D. Use a calm, professional demeanor. 359. What effect does AIDS have on the body's immune system? A. It mutates into pneumonia. B. It changes the function of erythrocytes. C. It causes HIV to replicate and spread. D. It suppresses the T cell function. D. It suppresses the T cell function. 360. You are treating a hypotensive woman who weighs 212 lbs. You have been ordered to give her a Dopamine drip at 9 mcg/kg/min. Your ambulance service carries 250cc bags. How much dopamine would you mix in the bag to reach a dilution of 1600 mcg/mL? A. 200mg B. 800mg C. 1000mg D. 400mg D. 400mg 361. A 28 year old female is complaining of gradual-onset dyspnea after being released from the hospital. She was hospitalized for 1 day following thoracic trauma and a lung contusion. Lung sounds present with crackles in both bases. Vital signs are BP 130/80, P 110, R 32 shallow, SpO2: 88%. You should A. bilaterally decompress the chest, reassess vital signs, and treat accordingly. B. apply oxygen, establish an IV, administer morphine, and transport. C. apply oxygen, administer nitroglycerin and transport, establish an IV, and administer Lasix enroute. D. apply oxygen via non-rebreather, transport emergently, and establish an IV enroute. 66 | P a g e D. apply oxygen via non-rebreather, transport emergently, and establish an IV enroute. 362. Room air contains what percentage of oxygen? A. 100 B. 21 C. 36 D. 10 B. 21 363. A 59 year old female has a severe asthma attack. What is the dose and route of ipratropium bromide you should administer? A. 0.125-0.25 mg, nebulized B. 0.5 mg, nebulized C. 0.3-0.5 mg, subcutaneously. D. 0.25 mg, subcutaneously B. 0.5 mg, nebulized 364. Where do afferent fibers transmit impulses from? A. The central nervous system to the sensory nerves. B. Motor nerves to the central nervous system. C. Sensory nerves to the central nervous system. D. The central nervous system to the motor nerves. C. Sensory nerves to the central nervous system. 365. What sign or symptom may result from a digoxin overdose? A. Hypokalemia B. Bradycardia C. Hypoglycemia D. Altered mental status B. Bradycardia 366. You deliver a baby boy without difficulty. He is blue and not crying. What should you do? A. Obtain a set of vital signs and cut the umbilical cord. B. Allow him to begin feeding to promote oxytocin stimulation. C. Start compressions and ventilate with supplemental oxygen. D. Dry and warm him, stimulate with a back rub, and suction. D. Dry and warm him, stimulate with a back rub, and suction. 367. You are called to evaluate a 28 year old male. He is afraid of you and recoils when you approach him. He states he is hearing voices and appears to be hallucinating. What should you suspect? A. Anxiety attack B. Bipolar disorder C. Mood disorder D. Schizophrenia 67 | P a g e D. Schizophrenia 368. What structure in the brain controls ventilation? A. Medulla B. Cerebellum C. Mesencephalon D. Diencephalon A. Medulla 369. What type of procedure does a patient with chronic renal failure undergo? A. Renal hemolysis B. Peritoneal hemolysis C. Renal calculi D. Renal dialysis D. Renal dialysis 370. What is an effect of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis? A. Negative chronotropic effect B. Inflammatory decrease C. Peripheral vasodilation D. Bronchoconstriction B. Inflammatory decrease 371. A 52 year old patient with a history of liver failure complains of shortness of breath and abdominal swelling. What should you suspect? A. Acute MI B. Aortic aneurysm C. Bladder blockage D. Ascites D. Ascites 372. How many times faster does heat loss occur during water immersion as compared to air exposure? A. 2 B. 50 C. 25 D. 100 C. 25 373. Wolf Parkinson White syndrome originates from accessory pathways in what part of the heart? A. Purkinje fibers B. Bundle Branch C. Bundle of Kent D. Bundle of His C. Bundle of Kent 70 | P a g e C. Osmosis D. Diffusion D. Diffusion 386. Which is an alkaloid blood pH? A. 7.45 B. 7.35 C. 7.30 D. 7.25 A. 7.45 387. Which anacronym is used to predict a difficult endotracheal intubation? A. LEMONS B. MOANS C. RODS D. SHORT A. LEMONS 388. Why do patient refusals require more documentation than the typical EMS call? A. A greater set of differential diagnoses needs to be noted as the patient was left untreated. B. There is greater potential for abandonment charges. C. There are additional witnesses that must be quoted. D. You need to note the interventions you would have performed had they given consent. B. There is greater potential for abandonment charges. 389. HIPAA legislation relates primarily to which medicolegal issue? A. Abandonment B. Consent C. Duty to act D. Confidentiality D. Confidentiality 390. What gland joins the nervous system with the endocrine system A. Pineal B. Hypothalamus C. Thymus D. Pituitary B. Hypothalamus 391. You are at an amusement park when you witness a 19 year old male being stabbed in the arm. After assuring the scene is safe, you approach and see that he is experiencing slow, steady bleeding. You have disposable gloves in your pocket, but no bandages. What should you do? A. Elevate the arm and use a pressure point to control bleeding. B. Send a bystander to locate a tourniquet. 71 | P a g e C. Locate a first aid kit and control the bleeding with bandages. D. Apply direct pressure to the wound using your gloved hand. D. Apply direct pressure to the wound using your gloved hand. 392. One way to increase preload is fluid administration. This affects A. Hans Mobitz Reflex. B. Poiseuille's Law. C. Frank Starling's Law. D. Hering-Breuer Reflex. C. Frank Starling's Law. 393. A 20 year old male was shot in the leg with an arrow. What should you do? A. Cut off most of the exposed arrow shaft, leaving enough to grip. B. Push the arrow through to the other side and cut off the arrowhead. C. Remove the arrow and apply a topical hemostatic agent to the wound. D. Remove the arrow and pack the wound with gauze. A. Cut off most of the exposed arrow shaft, leaving enough to grip. 394. What is a contraindication of succinylcholine? A. Acute exacerbation of asthma. B. History suggestive of hyperkalemia. C. Decreased level of consciousness. D. Increased respiratory rate. B. History suggestive of hyperkalemia. 395. Why do emphysema patients have a pink skin color? A. Bronchodilators and corticosteroids increase oxygen binding. B. Increased red blood cell production. C. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle. D. Pursed lip breathing increases PEEP and prevents alveolar collapse. B. Increased red blood cell production. 396. Which of the following best describes simple extrication? A. Opening an undamaged door B. Using the jaws of life C. Using a hammer D. Using a center punch A. Opening an undamaged door 397. A 70 year old female has a femur fracture. How much blood loss could she experience? A. 1500 mL B. 250 mL C. 3000 mL D. 500 mL 72 | P a g e A. 1500 mL 398. In what part of the ECG phase is a shock delivered in synchronized cardioversion? A. P wave B. T wave C. S wave D. R wave D. R wave 399. An unconscious 40 year old male has overdosed on alcohol and cocaine. The patient is a known diabetic. Vital signs: HR 130, BP 120/100, R8. You should A. Ventilate with a bag valve mask B. Check a blood glucose level C. Perform endotracheal intubation D. Establish intravenous access A. Ventilate with a bag valve mask 400. A 67 year old female with a suspected stroke, has difficulty swallowing and is unable to speak. Which cranial nerve is affected? A. Abducens B. Hypoglossal C. Trochlear D. Vestibulocochlear B. Hypoglossal 401. A 30 year old male complains of difficulty breathing with a productive cough and brown sputum. He has had fever and chills for 3 days. Lung sounds reveal crackles in lower lobes. Vital signs are BP 130/60, P 110, R 30. What should you do? A. Transport in position of comfort without further treatment. B. Place in position of comfort and apply oxygen by non-rebreather. C. Nasally intubate the patient and assist with his respirations using a BVM. D. Apply oxygen by non-rebreather and administer furosemide 40 mg IV. B. Place in position of comfort and apply oxygen by non-rebreather. 402. When assessing a supine patient involved in a motor vehicle collision, the patient complains of left should pain. This indicates: A. Grey Turner's sign B. Kehr's sign C. Murphy's sign D. Cullen's sign B. Kehr's sign 403. What will compromise your ability to develop rapport and trust with a patient? A. Using the patient's name as often as possible 75 | P a g e 415. What blood type is the universal donor? A. A B. B C. O D. AB C. O 416. Which of the following receptors are responsible for monitoring changes in blood pressure? A. Reticular activating receptors B. Chemoreceptors C. Baroreceptors D. Carboxyhemoglobin receptors C. Baroreceptors 417. A 35 year old male has been electrocuted. What other life threat should you be prepared for? A. internal bleeding B. heat stroke C. cardiac arrest D. allergic reaction C. cardiac arrest 418. At the scene of a multiple vehicle accident, what should you do first? A. Treat the first patient you see B. Start triage C. Establish incident command D. Set up a command post C. Establish incident command 419. A 2 year old is conscious after ingesting an unknown quantity of bleach. What should you suspect? A. Bright, red skin on extremities B. Chemical burns around the mouth C. Hot, dry skin and diarrhea D. Dilated pupils and labored breathing B. Chemical burns around the mouth 420. What does insulin increase cell permeability to? A. Glucagon B. Glucose C. Glycosuria D. Glycogen B. Glucose 421. The process of moving the responsibility for incident command from one Incident Commander to another is called "transfer of command." The previous Incident Commander should: 76 | P a g e A. Continue as Co-Commander B. Leave to eliminate confusion C. Notify headquarters in person D. Be given another assignment D. Be given another assignment 422. What condition presents with a fruity, acetone-like odor on the breath? A. Hypoglycemia B. Hyperglycemia C. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) D. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) D. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 423. You are ordered to give a medication based on weight. The transfer papers say the patient weighs 155 lbs. How many kilograms does the patient weigh? A. 71 kg B. 78 kg C. 77 kg D. 70 kg D. 70 kg 424. What are the structures in the lungs where carbon dioxide and oxygen exchanged called? A. Pleura B. Bronchi C. Lung parenchyma D. Alveoli D. Alveoli 425. A 21 year old female was lost in the woods for several hours. The ambient temperature is 25 degrees Fahrenheit. She is lethargic and confused. The skin on her hands is waxy and white. What should you do? A. Place several heat packs on her legs and arms. B. Gently wrap the patient in several dry blankets. C. Apply heat packs on her neck, armpits, and groin. D. Vigorously rub the patient's extremities. B. Gently wrap the patient in several dry blankets. 426. What is the most important landmark for visualizing endotracheal intubation? A. Epiglottis B. Arytenoid cartilage C. Carina D. Cricoid cartilage B. Arytenoid cartilage 77 | P a g e 427. What risk factor may cause the development of an esophageal varice? A. Cirrhosis B. Gastritis C. Anticoagulation therapy D. Forceful vomiting A. Cirrhosis 428. A 26 year old male asthmatic complains of difficulty breathing. You administer albuterol, what should you suspect? A. Suppression of heart activity and bronchial constriction. B. Stimulation of the heart and bronchial constriction. C. Stimulation of the heart and bronchial dilation. D. Suppression of heart activity and bronchial dilation. C. Stimulation of the heart and bronchial dilation 429. What is an enteral route for medication administration? A. Subcutaneous B. Sublingual C. Intravenous D. Topical B. Sublingual 430. Which of the following behaviors may be considered abusive? A. Placing a child on "time-out" when they misbehave. B. Insisting a high school senior work a weekend job to earn money toward her college education. C. Placing a grandparent in nursing care when the burdens of extended care become unmanageable. D. Requiring a child to help out with chores around the house to earn their allowance. E. Withholding of asthma medication from a child who refuses to finish eating dinner. E. Withholding of asthma medication from a child who refuses to finish eating dinner. 431. When viewing a three channel cardiac monitor, leads I and II display artifact, and lead III shows a clear reading. Based on Einthoven's Triangle, you should A. monitor the patient by paddles. B. replace the right arm electrode. C. monitor only in lead III. D. discontinue cardiac monitoring. B. replace the right arm electrode. 432. Which structure in the kidney forms urine? A. Renal tube B. Renal medulla C. Nephron D. Renal cortex 80 | P a g e P 118, R 24. Breath sounds are absent on the left side. What should you do? A. Begin chest compressions B. Administer oxygen therapy C. Initiate IV therapy D. Decompress the chest D. Decompress the chest 445. An 18 year old female is found conscious and alert but trapped in her car after a single motor vehicle crash. The air bag deployed and she denies any head or neck pain, but she complains of hip and left leg pain. When your patient is finally extricated from the car, her vital signs begin to collapse. After starting a large bore IV of normal saline (NS), you should administer A. epinephrine. B. morphine sulfate. C. lidocaine. D. no other medication. D. no other medication. 446. Where are the first electrical impulses stimulating the heart located? A. Myocardium B. Aorta Valve C. Left atrium D. Right atrium D. Right atrium 447. What happens in the body in response to a state of hypoglycemia? A. Glucagon and insulin production in the pancreas decreases B. Insulin causes the pancreas to release glucose stores C. Parasympathetic stimulus releases glycogen from the liver D. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release glycogen stores D. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release glycogen stores 448. A patient complains of night sweats, weight loss, and shortness of breath. Palpation reveals nodules in his axillary region. He denies any sputum production. What should you suspect? A. Pneumonia B. Hepatitis C. Lymphoma D. Tuberculosis C. Lymphoma 449. A 56 year old male complains of diarrhea, nausea, and diffuse pain in his abdomen for the past 48 hours. What should you suspect? A. Cholecystis B. Gastroenteritis 81 | P a g e C. Diverticulitis D. Peptic ulcer B. Gastroenteritis 450. A 52 year old female was the passenger in a car crash in which the airbag deployed. She complains of violent pain in her left shoulder. What is this known as? A. Grey-Turner's sign B. Cullen's sign C. Kehr's sign D. Shoulder dystocia C. Kehr's sign 451. A 4 year old male is choking on a marble. He is coughing and drooling. What should you do? A. Perform 5 back blows. B. Perform 5 abdominal thrusts. C. Coach him to cough. D. Visualize and remove the marble. C. Coach him to cough. 452. What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration? A. Flattens out B. Remains static C. Moves up D. Inverts A. Flattens out 453. What is the leading cause of maternal death associated with pregnancy? A. Hemorrhage B. Emboli C. Eclampsia D. Stroke A. Hemorrhage 454. You are dispatched to 243 Main St for a 52 year old female patient complaining of generalized sickness. You arrive on scene and find the patient sitting in a recliner. The patient complains she has been nauseous, having body aches, and shortness of breath for the past eight hours. After ABCs what is the MOST appropriate intervention/assessment? A. Acquire a 12-lead. B. Transport the patient to the hospital. C. Establish an IV. D. Acquire a temperature. A. Acquire a 12-lead. 82 | P a g e 455. What is a series of two or more generalized motor seizures without an intervening period of consciousness known as? A. Hypertonic seizure B. A petit mal seizure C. Status epilepticus D. A complex partial seizure C. Status epilepticus 456. You place your 34 year old patient on the monitor and find a rhythm with these characteristics. QRS width 0.10secs, slurred up-stroke of the PR interval, Rate-168/reg. What type of rhythm do you suspect? A. Supraventricular tachycardia with WPW B. Ventricular tachycardia C. Atrial flutter D. Atrial fibrillation A. Supraventricular tachycardia with WPW 457. A 28 year old female has bilateral pelvic pain and yellow vaginal discharge. What should you suspect? A. Ruptured ovarian cyst B. Pelvic inflammatory disease C. Ectopic pregnancy D. An acute urinary tract infection B. Pelvic inflammatory disease 458. What buffer is used to maintain acid-base chemistry in the blood? A. Water B. Bicarbonate C. Chloride/sodium D. Sodium/potassium B. Bicarbonate 459. A 26 year old male scuba diver reports severe joint pain an hour after ascent. Vitals are: BP 110/68, P 60, R 14, and SpO2 100%. What should you do? A. Transport to a hyperbaric facility. B. Provide oxygen via a CPAP mask. C. Establish an IV to provide pain relief. D. Administer oxygen via an NRB. D. Administer oxygen via an NRB. 460. What specialized bands of tissue are inserted between myocardial cells that increase the rate of cellular conduction? A. Purkinje system B. Intercalated discs 85 | P a g e 472. Which sound indicates an upper airway obstruction? A. Rales B. Wheezing C. Crackles D. Stridor E. Rhonchi D. Stridor 473. Where should you position your vehicle at a motor vehicle collision on the highway? A. 500 feet behind the patient's vehicle B. At a location determined by law enforcement C. At a staging area D. In front of the patient's vehicle D. In front of the patient's vehicle 474. To administer dextrose, what must a patient's blood sugar be under? A. 40 mg/dL B. 100 mg/dL C. 80 mg/dL D. 60 mg/dL D. 60 mg/dL 475. You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle collision. There is no fire, leaking fluid, or fumes. How far from the wreckage should you park? A. 15 feet B. 150 feet C. 50 feet D. 100 feet C. 50 feet 476. Oral hypoglycemic agents primarily work by what mechanism? A. Stimulate the creation of insulin B. Stimulate the release of insulin C. Lower sugar production D. Convert glycogen to glucose B. Stimulate the release of insulin 477. What pacemaker in the heart has an intrinsic rate of 60-100 beats per minute? A. SA Node B. Bundle of His C. AV Node D. Ductus arteriosus A. SA Node 86 | P a g e 478. What is the purpose of the National Incident Management System? A. Provide plans for covering up terrorist attacks. B. Allow for federal control of all major incidents. C. Standardize the multi-agency response to an MCI. D. Provide funding to local agencies that deal with MCI's. C. Standardize the multi-agency response to an MCI. 479. What solution has a solute concentration lower than cells? A. Hypotonic B. Isotonic C. Eutonic D. Hypertonic A. Hypotonic 480. A 67 year old female is undergoing dialysis treatment for renal failure. Which of her organs is compromised? A. Lungs B. Pancreas C. Liver D. Kidneys D. Kidneys 481. When assessing a patient with a fractured tibia, what is an example of a pertinent negative? A. The patient a loss of circulation below the injury. B. The patient is unable to wiggle his/her toes. C. The patient has no pedal pulse. D. The patient denies numbness or tingling. D. The patient denies numbness or tingling. 482. What is the best position to optimally hear heart sounds? A. Left lateral recumbent B. Sitting up leaning forward C. Rght lateral recumbent D. High Fowler's leaning back B. Sitting up leaning forward 483. A 62 year old female presents with diminished lung sounds in all lobes, SpO2 of 86% on NRB @15 lpm, HR 120 and BP of 190/100. She reports a history of HTN, CHF, COPD and A-Fib. The patient is prescribed Metoprolol, Diltiazem, Nitroglycerin, Albuterol and Flovent. She should receive which intervention first? A. Nitroglycerin B. Aspirin C. Albuterol D. CPAP 87 | P a g e A. Nitroglycerin 484. What part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination? A. Cerebellum B. Cerebrum C. Occipital lobe D. Hypothalamus A. Cerebellum 485. A patient is trapped in a car with side to side rocking. What should you do? A. Extricate the patient B. Remove the steering wheel C. Stabilize the car D. Remove the roof C. Stabilize the car 486. A patient has excessive bleeding from the neck. What should you apply? A. A band-aid B. A tourniquet C. An occlusive dressing D. A pressure dressing D. A pressure dressing 487. A 59 year old female missed her weekly renal dialysis appointment. She is feeling weak and unable to care for herself. What should you suspect? A. Anemia B. Polyuria C. Fluid overload D. Hypokalemia C. Fluid overload 488. A 66 year old male complains of nausea and vomiting for the past day. He has been unable to eat any food as it causes his symptoms to worsen. He has pain that radiates from his stomach to his back. What should you suspect? A. Irritable bowel syndrome B. Gastroenteritis C. Actute MI D. Pancreatitis D. Pancreatitis 489. A 32 year old female is unconscious after being struck in the chest with a bat. Vital signs are BP 90/60, P 34, R 8. Her skin is cool, diaphoretic, and cyanotic. Breath sounds are absent and her trachea is deviated to the left. What should you suspect? A. Hemothorax 90 | P a g e B. Cheyne-Stokes C. Ataxic (Biot's) D. Apneustic A. Kussmaul's 501. What is your priority as the incident commander at a mass casualty incident? A. Monitor incident organization. B. Notification of the media. C. Directing extrication of casualties. D. Ensuring safety of EMS personnel. A. Monitor incident organization. 502. A 31 year old female has gun shot wound to the right lateral chest. She is awake and alert with obvious difficulty breathing. Where should she be transported? A. Respiratory center B. Trauma center C. Local hospital D. Emergency department B. Trauma center 503. What does chronotropy refer to? A. Stroke volume B. Blood pressure C. Cardiac output D. Heart rate D. Heart rate 504. A healthy, athletic male undergoes a routine physical screening. He presents in no acute distress. His ECG shows the following rhythm: "https://testing.fisdap.net/testing_images/EKGParis1.png" (Sinus Brady at 60 BPM) You should: A. initiate IV access and administer atropine 0.5 mg. B. not do anything; this is likely normal for this patient. C. prepare for immediate transcutaneous pacing. D. administer a fluid bolus of 250 cc and reevaluate. B. not do anything; this is likely normal for this patient. 505. What is a psychosomatic complaint? A. An often delusional mental state characterized by feelings of dejection, insomnia, or weight loss. B. A condition in which psychic energy from a repressed idea is converted into physical symptoms. C. A feeling of apprehension, uncertainty, and fear. D. A mental disorder characterized by abnormal suspicions or other delusions. B. A condition in which psychic energy from a repressed idea is converted into physical symptoms. 91 | P a g e 506. Which statement about suicide is correct? A. People who talk about suicide rarely act on it. B. There is a high correlation between suicide and alcohol use. C. All suicidal people are mentally ill. D. The suicide rate is lowest during holiday seasons. B. There is a high correlation between suicide and alcohol use. 507. You respond to a call when you see a stopped school bus with its red lights flashing. What should you do? A. Select an alternate route that is both safe and quick. B. Slow down and be alert for any children who may be crossing. C. Call dispatch and request the response of another ambulance. D. Stop and proceed only after the flashing lights are off. D. Stop and proceed only after the flashing lights are off. 508. Why is it beneficial to have two rescuers dedicated solely to ventilating a patient via Bag Valve Mask (BVM)? A. So one rescuer can squeeze the bag and the other rescuer can provide cricoid pressure B. So they can switch every two minutes to avoid rescuer fatigue C. So one can ventilate and the other can insert a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) D. So one rescuer can squeeze the bag and the other rescuer can maintain an adequate seal D. So one rescuer can squeeze the bag and the other rescuer can maintain an adequate seal 509. A 56 year old male complains of dull and cramping abdominal pain that makes him nauseous. What type of pain is describing? A. Parietal B. Somatic C. Referred D. Visceral D. Visceral 510. Hepatojugular reflux is an indication of what condition. A. Pancreatitis B. Bowel Obstruction C. Liver Failure D. Heart Failure D. Heart Failure 511. A 26 year old male is leaning over the toilet vomiting a steady stream of bright, red blood. He is a chronic alcoholic. What should you do? A. Transport in a position of comfort. B. Position him supine and suction his airway. C. Immobilize the patient and transport. D. Apply a non-rebreather mask. 92 | P a g e A. Transport in a position of comfort. 512. You are treating a patient exhibiting signs and symptoms hypoglycemia. What hormones would you expect are being released in their body? A. Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol B. Glucagon, ADH, oxytocin C. Cortisol, thyroxine, norepinephrine D. Insulin, epinephrine, ADH A. Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol 513. What is the degree of skill and judgment that would be expected of a similarly trained, reasonable paramedic acting under similar circumstances is referred to as? A. Standard of care B. Professional standard C. Paramedic code D. Scope of practice A. Standard of care 514. What is the natural tendency of the body to maintain a steady and normal internal environment known as? A. Constant metabolism B. Positive feedback C. Homeostasis D. Osmosis C. Homeostasis 515. What blood type is known as the "universal recipient"? A. AB B. B C. A D. O A. AB 516. A 44 year old male complains of a headache. He states that there are too many people talking to him and asking him questions. He is agitated and confused. He states that "his friend," Martin is going to hurt you. You and your partner are alone. What should you do? A. Tell him to walk to the ambulance with you. B. Determine if he wants to hurt himself or you. C. Ask him why Martin is going to hurt you. D. Forcefully tell him to sit down on his hands. B. Determine if he wants to hurt himself or you. 517. A 34 year old male was involved in a car accident. He has significant facial trauma and is bleeding profusely from his mouth and nose. When performing your assessment, what findings are most 95 | P a g e 528. How should you treat shock resulting from a tension pneumothorax? A. Pleural decompression B. Administration of a fluid challenge C. Cricothyrotomy D. Endotracheal intubation and hyperventilation A. Pleural decompression 529. You respond for an unconscious 5 year old. The patient's skin is dusky, he responds to deep painful stimuli, and his breathing is slow and shallow. After initiating ventilation with a bag-valve mask, his mentation and respiratory effort do not change. His pulse is 46. What should you do? A. Initiate transport. B. Attempt to place an oral airway. C. Initiate chest compressions. D. Increase the rate of ventilation. C. Initiate chest compressions. 530. Which symptoms are collectively known as Cushing's triad? A. Decreased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, increased respirations B. Increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, altered respirations C. Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased respirations D. Decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, altered respirations B. Increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, altered respirations 531. What is the inherent pacing rate of the AV junction? A. 60-100 B. 10-20 C. 20-40 D. 40-60 D. 40-60 532. A 32 year old pregnant female states "I have been in labor for an hour and my water broke." What should you do? A. Transport emergently. B. Check for crowning. C. Obtain baseline vital signs. D. Obtain a SAMPLE medical history B. Check for crowning. 533. What is the medical term for excessive urine production? A. Oliguria B. Hyperuria C. Polyuria D. Nocturia 96 | P a g e C. Polyuria 534. What viral infection commonly found in children ages 6 months to 4 years has a distinct "seal-like" cough? A. Epiglottitis B. Croup C. Asthma D. Bronchiolitis B. Croup 535. If transport is delayed or prolonged, and if circulation is impaired, an attempt should be made to reposition a grossly deformed fracture or dislocated joint (if allowed by medical control or protocol). The exception is an injury to the _____ A. Hip B. Elbow C. Knee D. Ankle A. Hip 536. Which of the following manual airway maneuvers should be used to open the airway when caring for a patient with a suspected cervical spine injury? A. Sellick's B. Jaw/tongue lift C. Head-tilt/chin lift D. Modified jaw-thrust D. Modified jaw-thrust 537. What refractory phase happens when the ventricles depolarize? A. Common B. Absolute C. Relative D. Negative B. Absolute 538. A 33 year old male is unconscious after attempting to hang himself. First responders have placed him supine on the ground. Vital signs are BP 70/30, P 46, R 4 and shallow. What should you do? A. Apply a cervical collar. B. Insert an oral airway. C. Assist his ventilations. D. Start CPR. C. Assist his ventilations. 539. An unresponsive 2 day old female is in respiratory distress. Her skin is cyanotic and vital signs are P 184, R 72. What should you do? 97 | P a g e A. Asses for a blood pressure. B. Administer albuterol. C. Assist her ventilations. D. Apply blow-by oxygen. C. Assist her ventilations. 540. An injury produced by wounding forces of compression and change of speed, both of which can disrupt tissue is defined as. A. Blunt trauma. B. Penetrating trauma. C. Cavitation. D. Third degree Trauma. A. Blunt trauma. 541. A 40 year old male is short of breath after being kicked in the chest by a horse. He is alert and disoriented with absent lung sounds on right side. Vital signs are P 120, R 24 and shallow. What finding would indicate an immediate needle thoracostomy? A. Jugular vein distension B. Muffled heart tones C. Blood pressure of 80/40 D. Subcutaneous emphysema C. Blood pressure of 80/40 542. Pertinent negatives are a part of the narrative component of the patient care report because they A. determine a treatment plan for the patient. B. confirm a thorough patient assessment. C. provide the field diagnosis. D. provide the most important information about the patient's complaint. B. confirm a thorough patient assessment. 543. A 16 year old male has a broken nose. He is bleeding heavily from both nostrils. What should you do? A. Apply direct pressure to his nostrils. B. Gently pack both nostrils with sterile gauze. C. Pinch his nose and lean him forward. D. Pinch his nose and lean him back. C. Pinch his nose and lean him forward. 544. A 19 year old male has a traumatic chest injury. You discover that his trachea deviates away from the injury. What should you suspect? A. Tension pneumothorax B. Atelectasis C. Upper airway obstruction D. Flail chest