Paramedic Pediatric Study Guide: Questions and Exercises, Exams of Advanced Education

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PARAMEDIC PEDIATRIC STUDY GUIDE

6-12 - Between what months can an infants start to stand and walk? Toddler 1-3 years - When can you start asking the patients some questions other than just the caretaker? Preschool 3-5 years - When may a child want to help you with treatment? Anterior 9-18 months Posterior 4 months - When do anterior and posterior fontanelles close? Tight or bulged and pulsating might stop - What might fontanelles look like with ICP?? Sunken - What will fontanelles look like in dehydration? Under 3- under shoulders Over 3- under head - Where do you put a towel for under and over the age of three years? Nose breathers - Infants are obligated.... Cricoid - What is the narrowest part of the pediatric airway? use it to breath - What do infants do with their diaphragm? Yes - Are peds more prone to gastric distension? Yes - Are peds more at risk for a pneumothorax? Liver and spleen. Organs are closer together - What 2 organs may most be effected in blunt trauma? The growth plate - What could an IO disrupt? Larger - BSA to body weight ratio is... sub-q - Peds have less **** fat smaller. This results in a higher potential for hypoxia. - Pediatric O2 reserve is... Peds can maintain BP well and still be at risk for shock. Hypotension is a late sign. - Peds BP in shock

Peds have proportionally higher blood volume - Peds blood volume. Education, Environmental modification, Enforcement, Engineering. - 4 E's of prevention Makes it so it never happened - Primary prevention Helps minimize injury when it happens - Secondary prevention Improves outcome after accident - Tertiary prevention PEEP - Grunting increases what?? 90+ 2(age) =systolic Highest 70+ 2(age) = Systolic Lowest 2/3 = diastolic - Determining BP 2/3 the width of the arm - BP cuff size ABD thrusts - FBAO for a child older than 1 year... 5 back blows than 5 chest thrusts. check mouth after every round - FBAO for an infant.... -size of small finger -Braslow tape

• (age in years +16) / 4 - Methods for figuring out tube size Croup Laryngotracheobronchitis - Viral infection that effects child (3 months - 6 years) in fall and winter season. Temp Bark cough stridor - Main presentation of croup (3) stridor audible with stethoscope - Mild croup presents with.... Mild contraction and mild anxiety - moderate croup presents with.... Epiglottis - Bacterial infection of the upper airway that effects children 3-7 years old and has no seasonal preference. Cyanosis, loud stridor, high anxiety. - Severe croup presents with....

There is stridor arrest, reduction in airflow, retractions. - Epi should be given for airway emergencies when.... Epiglottis - What presents with drooling? Infection of the subglottic region. presents with copious thick secretions. - Bacterial tracheitis. What is it and how does it present? Yes. It effects children under 2 years. - Is bronchiolitis contagious? What age group does it usually effect? Pneumonia - This lower airway disease presents with grunting, crackles or wheezing and anorexia. Bronchiopulmonary Dysplasia - This respiratory disease is common with premature kids. HR greater than 220 - Sinus tach in infants is.. HR of 180 - Sinus tach in children is... 0.5-1j/ kg - Cardiovert dose is... 6 years - Child must be greater than * for an IO 20mL/kg - Dose for fluids In the middle of the night with no prior infection - Spasmodic croup occurs.... Higher than croup - Epiglottis will have a fever 1st-Chemical mediated release of histamine. 2nd- Inflammation of bronchioles - Two phases of Asthma 1 year old - Asthma does not effect kids under... 1:1,000 - concentration for sub-Q or IM Epinephrine in an allergic reaction 1:10,000 - concentration for sub-Q or IM Epinephrine in a severe allergic reaction Pressers and stabilize injury. - Neurogenic shock treatment Pressers and Forosemide - Treatment for cardiomyopathy Ventilation. If not increase of HR, intubate.

Consider Epi down the ET tube. - Treatment for unstable bradycardia 4j/kg - V-fib/pulseless V-tach shock 0.1-0.2mg/kg - Adenosine dose 0.2 mg/kg min:0. max:0.5 - Atropine dose IV: 0.01mg/kg 1:10, ET: 0.1mg/kg 1:1000 - Epi dose: IV ET tube 10 stools a day. - Diarrhea is defined as... D25W -50% dextrose solution with sterile water or saline - treatment for hypoglycemia BG>200 mg/DL - Pt is hyperglycemic at... MVAs - Leading cause of traumatic pediatric death. Under the car. Head and spine are commonly injured - Where do peds usually go when hit by a car? Infection CNS disorder Increased ICP - Causes of a fever (3) When did it start? What is the current temp? Did you try any remedies? - Fever questions to ask A fever - Tachycardia and Tachypnea might be present with... Menengitis - Bulging Fontanels and nuchal rigidity are signs of.... Unable to be woken up. Does not recognize parents. Unable to console. - Bad signs of septic shock (3) scarlet fever - A rash all over the body might be...

Classic migraine - A migraine with an aura is a.... Brain tissue decrease. CSF decrease. Blood volume decrease. - How will the brain compensate for increased ICP? Linear fracture to the floor of the skull - Basilar skull fracture is a CSF Hearing loss seizure battle signs - Signs of a basilar skull fracture (4) glucose - With ICP, you should avoid... Drownings - 4th leading cause of death from 1-4 years 9-12 - A moderate brain injury has a GCS of... 8 or less - A severe head injury has a GCS of... C-1 and C-2 - Where do spine fractures usually happen in peds? hypotension - Cardiac tamponade may only present with... 95 degrees or less - Hypothermia is a body temp of... 86 degrees or less - Severe hypothermia is... Severe hypothermia - Shallow breathing, and extreme disorientation or non responsiveness are environmental signs of... Warm IV fluids. Rewarm until pt is at 95 degrees or a return of spontaneous circulation. - Severe hypothermia actions 102 degrees - Active cooling should be discontinued at... The patient may be very dry. An antidote is a cholinergenic - If a patient ODs on a anticholinergic EX) Atropine , what may they present as? Cholinergenic. (they make you into liquid) Atropine is an antidote. - What are organophosphates and what do you use as an antidote?

Cholinergenic - SLUDGE is an acronym for what OD? Ethel alchohol ETOH - What is an antidote for antifreeze? An incomplete brake in the boken. - A greenstick fracture is... Scolding - What is the most common burn for peds? 1-6 months - SIDS usually occurs during what months? 13.5 each - Pediatric burn index: legs 9 - Pediatric burn index: whole arm 18 - Pediatric burn index: Head 18 per side - Pediatric burn index: Trunk Surgical connection than runs from the brain to the abdomen to drain CSF and prevent ICP. - Shunt definition: under 6 years - Capillary refill is considered a reliable sign of perfusion for ages... 8 years old - Uncuffed ET tubes should be used in children under... HR >180 or <80 - HR for cardiopulmonary arrest under 5 years old HR > 180 or < 60 - HR for cardiopulmonary arrest over 5 years old