PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024/REAL EXAM WITH 120 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/, Exams of Pathophysiology

Download PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024/REAL EXAM WITH 120 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity!

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024/REAL EXAM WITH 120

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/LATEST UPDATE

/ALREADY GRADED A+

1. Which of the following is most likely to precipitate an asthmatic attack in achild with a

diagnosis of extrinsic, atopic or allergic asthma? a. Pet dander

b. Cold weather

c. Stress

d. Respiratory tract infections:

a. Pet dander

2. A client with a history of emphysema from long-term cigarette smoking has lost many alveoli.

Which of the following physiologic function of the type II alveoli, is affected

a. Facilitation of bronchial circulation

b. Production of surfactant

c. Gas exchanged.

d. Production of macrophages:

b. Production of surfactant

3. Which of the following pathophysiologic phenomena may result in adiagnosis of Cushing

disease? a. Hypopituitarism

b. Excess ACTH production by a pituitary tumor

c. Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex

d. Malfunction of the HPA system:

b. Excess ACTH production by a pituitary tumor

4. A client with type 2 diabetes has routine lab work, which reveals elevatedfree fatty acids

(FFA). The client asks, "Why is this significant?" The most accurate response would be:

a. Your pancreas is affected by increased fat (lipotoxicity), which causes betacell dysfunction,

leading to the need for insulin

b. Excess fat in the liver causes a decrease in hepatic glucose production leadingto a severe

hypoglycemia.

c. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may lead to needing a liver transplant.

d. Excess fatty acids may interfere with the way your body responds to an infection:

a. Your pancreas is affected by increased fat (lipotoxicity), whichcauses beta cell dysfunction, leading to the need for insulin

5. Following the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, the nurse knows the clinical manifestations

occur as a result of a decreased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure. Therefore, the nurse should assess the client for: a. Both lung fields clear on auscultation

b. Liver enlargement

c. Kidneys palpable to deep palpation

d. Increased circumference in the abdomen related to fluid excess:

e. Increasedcircumference in the abdomen related to fluid excess

6. Which of the following clients would be considered to be exhibitingmanifestations

of "prediabetes"?

a. A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of122mg/dL with

follow-up Glucose Tolerance Test of 189 mg/dL

b. A school-aged child who had a blood glucose level of 115mg/dL following lunch. c. A retired

female registered nurse with a fasting plasma glucose level of 92 mg/dL.

c. An elderly client who got "light-headed" when he skipped his lunch. Blood glucose level

was 60 mg/dL at the time.:

d. A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122mg/dL with

follow-up GlucoseTolerance Test of 189 mg/Dl

7. An obese, male client with a history of gout and a sedentary lifestyle has been advised by his

primary care provider to avoid organ meats, certain fish, and other foods that are high in purines. The care provider is demonstrating anawareness of the client's susceptibility to which of the following types of kidney stones

a. Calcium stones

b. Magnesium ammonium phosphate stones

c. Uric acid stones

d. Cystine stones:

c. Uric acid stones

8. A client has been given the diagnosis of diffuse glomerulonephritis. Theyask the nurse

what diffuse means. The nurse responds: a. Only some of the glomeruli are affected.

b. Only one segment of each glomerulus is involved.

c. The mesangial cells are being affected

d. All glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved:

e. All glomeruli andall parts of the glomeruli are involved

9. Mary's husband, John has a diagnosis of type- 2 diabetes. He is status postemergency

surgery. He is surprised at his high blood sugar readings post surgery. Which of the following factors may have contributed to the client's excessive elevated blood glucose levels

a. The tissue trauma of surgery resulted in gluconeogenesis.

b. Illness inhibited the release and uptake of glucagon

c. The stress of the event caused the release of cortisol.

d. Sleep disruption in the hospital precipitated the dawneffect.:

c. The stress ofthe event caused the release of cortisol.

10. A teenaged cystic fibrosis client presents to the clinic. The health care provider (HCP) knows

that cystic fibrosis (CF) causes severe chronic respiratorydisease in children. In addition, the HCP should also focus his or her assessment on which of the other body systems affected by CF? a. Renal

b. Pancreatic

c. Cardiac

d. Central nervous system:

b. Pancreatic

11. A 72-year-old woman with complaints of increasing fatigue has completed a series of fecal

occult blood tests that indicate the presence of blood in her stool. Which of the following health problems is likely to accompany this client'sgastrointestinal bleed? a. Hemolytic anemia

b. Aplastic anemia

c. Iron deficiency anemia

d. Megaloblastic anemia: c. Iron deficiency anemia

12. A 2-week-old infant presents with persistent and increasing jaundice. Blood testing reveals

that the infant's unconjugated bilirubin level is 28 mg/dL, and assessment does not reveal neurologic deficits. The infant's weight is normal, and the mother claims to have had no significant difficulty feeding the infant. The most likely treatment for this infant will be: a. Phototherapy

b. Packed red blood cell transfusion

c. Phlebotomy

d. Intravenous antibiotics:

a. Phototherapy

13. A 16-year-old female has been brought to her primary care physician by her mother due to

the girl's persistent sore throat and malaise. Which fact revealed in the girl's history and examination would lead the physician to rule out infectious mononucleosis?

a. The girl has a temperature of 38.1°C (100.6°F) and has enlarged lymph nodes.

b. Blood work reveals an increased white blood cell count.

c. Her liver and spleen are both enlarged.

d. Chest auscultation reveals crackles in her lower lung fields bilaterall:

d.Chest auscultation reveals crackles in her lower lung fields bilaterall

14. In which individuals would a clinician most suspect multiple myeloma as adiagnosis?

a. A 40 - year-old man who has had 3 broken bones over the past 6 months and whose serum

calcium and creatinine levels are elevated.

b. A 68 - year-old former coal miner who has white blood cell levels exponen-tially higher

than normal ranges.

c. An 81 - year-old male resident of a long-term care home who has an uncom-mon bacterial

pneumonia and who is unable to produce a fever.

d. A 70 - year-old woman whose blood work reveals large numbers of immature

granulocytes.: a. A 40 - year-old man who has had 3 broken bones overthe past 6 months and whose serum calcium and creatinine levels are elevated.

15. The most common cause of thyrotoxicosis is Graves disease. When assessingthis client, the

nurse should put priority on which of the following signs/symptoms?

a. Complaints of muscle fatigue

b. Facial myxedema with puffy eyelids

c. Ophthalmopathy

d. Pulse rate of 64 beats/minute: c. Ophthalmopathy

16. The nurse is caring for a client with nephrosis and notes generalized edema.The nurse

attributes this finding to which processes? Select all that apply.

a. Increased permeability of glomerular capillaries

b. Decreased tubular reabsorption of sodium

c. Decreased serum albumin

d. Increased aldosterone levels

e. Increased glomerular pressures: a. Increased permeability of glomerularcapillaries

b. Decreased tubular reabsorption of sodium e. Increased glomerular pressures

17. Which of the following residents of a long-term facility is exhibiting clinical manifestations

of hypothyroidism?

a. An 80 - year-old woman who has uncharacteristically lost her appetite andoften complains

of feeling cold

b. A 90 - year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation whose arrhythmia has recently

become more severe

c. An 88 - year-old man with a history of Alzheimer's disease who has becomeincreasingly

agitated and is wandering around the facility more frequently

d. A 91-year-old man with a chronic venous ulcer and a sacral ulcer who has developed

sepsis: a. An 80 - year-old woman who has uncharacteristically lost herappetite and often complains of feeling cold

18. Which of the following clients is most susceptible to experiencing theeffects of

inadequate erythropoiesis? A client:

a. Who has developed renal failure as a result of long-standing hypertension

b. Who recently experienced an ischemic stroke and who remains bedridden

c. Whose heavy alcohol use has culminated in a diagnosis of pancreatitis

d. Whose estimated blood loss during recent surgery was 700 mL: a. Who hasdeveloped renal

failure as a result of long-standing hypertension

19. A client is admitted to the hospital in Addisonian crisis 1 month after a diagnosis of

Addison disease. The nurse knows which clinical manifestationwould support this diagnosis?

a. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes and slow, shallow breathing

b. Cerebral spinal fluid leakage and impaired swallowing

c. Irregular heart rate and decreased temperature

d. Change in level of consciousness and profound hypotension: d. Change inlevel of

consciousness and profound hypotension

20. A school nurse is working with a 16 - year-old client recovering from

mononucleosis. Which activities should the nurse recommend the teenageravoid while recovering? Select all that apply. a. Swimming

b. Football

c. Hockey

d. Golf

e. Tennis: b. Football

c. Hockey

21. Which of the following is the primary concept involving the pathophysiology of diabetes

mellitus, which is described as insulin secretionthat is too low in relation to the blood glucose level? a. Absolute insulin deficiency

b. Relative insulin deficiency

c. Insulin resistance

d. Hyperglycemia: a. Absolute insulin deficiency

22. The nurse is caring for a client who develops sudden onset dyspnea. Which assessment should

the nurse prioritize to best identify if the cause may be a pulmonary embolism? a. Respiratory rate

b. Chest auscultation

c. Lower limb appearance

d. Chest excursion: c. Lower limb appearance

23. Which statement most accurately conveys an aspect of lymphatic systemactivity?

a. B and T lymphocyte development begins in the bone marrow and ends inthe peripheral

lymphoid structures.

b. B cells and macrophages are released from the bone marrow in theircompleted

state.

c. Stem cells in the lymph nodes initiate and regulate the process of whitecell synthesis.

d. Leukocytes bypass vascular circulation and are distributed instead by thelymphatic

system.: a. B and T lymphocyte development begins in the bone marrow and ends in the peripheral

lymphoid structures.

24. As a consequence of long-standing lung disease, a client is in a chronicstate of

hypoxia. Which phenomena would the client's care team be most justified in anticipating? Select all that apply. a. Metabolic alkalosis

b. Increased erythropoietin production

c. Pulmonary vasodilation

d. Hyperventilation

e. Personality changes: b. Increased erythropoietin production d.

Hyperventilation e. Personality changes

25. Which condition is described as visual impairment caused by excessivevascular

occlusion or vascular permeability? a. Retinal detachment

b. Retinopathy

c. Glaucoma

d. Cataract: c. Glaucoma

26. A client has undergone a lymph node biopsy. The nurse anticipates that thereport will

reveal which of the following if the client has Hodgkin's lymphoma? a. Reed-Sternberg cells b. Philadelphia chromosome c. Epstein-Barr virus d. Herpes simplex virus: a. Reed-Sternberg cells

27. A 60 - year-old woman is suspected of having non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL). Which

aspect of her condition would help to rule out Hodgkin lymphoma?

a. Her neoplasm originates in secondary lymphoid structures.

b. The lymph nodes involved are located in a large number of locations in the lymphatic

system.

c. The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells has been confirmed.

d. The woman complains of recent debilitating fatigue.: c. The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells

has been confirmed.

28. A diabetic client presents to a clinic for routine visit. Blood work reveals a

HbA1C of 11.0% (high)? Which response by the patient may account for thisabnormal lab result?

a. "I've had more periods of hypoglycemia than usual over the past few months."

b. "I've been doing great. I haven't needed much insulin coverage beforemeals."

c. "To tell you the truth, my blood glucose levels have been pretty normal forme."

d. "My meter broke so I have not been checking my blood glucose levels for awhile.": d. "My

meter broke so I have not been checking my blood glucose levels for a while."

29. Which of the following is not a factor that results in Type 1 diabetes? a.

Genetics

b. Obesity

c. Environment

d. Autoimmunity: b. Obesity

30. Which type of diabetes mellitus is associated with the destruction ofpancreatic beta

cells, which secrete insulin? a. Type 1 diabetes mellitus

b. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

c. Gestational diabetes mellitus

d. Other specific types of diabetes mellitus: a. Type 1 diabetes mellitus

31. Which assessment and laboratory findings would be most closely associated with acute

leukemia?

a. High blast cell counts and fever

b. Decreased oxygen partial pressure and weight loss

c. Increased serum potassium and sodium levels

d. Increased blood urea nitrogen and bone pain: a. High blast cell counts andfever

32. The nurse is analyzing the lab results for a client admitted with an acute

gastrointestinal bleed. a. Reticulocyte

b. Hemoglobin Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV)

c. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

d. Hemoglobin: a. Reticulocyte

33. A 41-year-old male client has presented to the emergency department with an acute onset of

increased respiratory rate and difficulty breathing. STAT chest X- ray indicates diffuse bilateral infiltrates of his lung tissue and ECG displays no cardiac dysfunction. What is this client's most likely diagnosis? a. Cor pulmonale

b. Acute lung injury /Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

c. Pulmonary hypertension

d. Sarcoidosis: b. Acute lung injury /Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

34. Which of the following are clinical manifestations of Diabetes Ketoacidosis?Select all that

apply.

a. Polyuria

b. Weight loss

c. Kussmaul respiration

d. Fluid overload

e. Cardiac arrhythmias: a. Polyuria

b. Weight loss c. Kussmaul respiration

35. A newly admitted critical head injury client presents to the ICU. The client is unresponsive

to painful stimuli but able to breathe on his own. The nurse observes a decrease in the client's respiratory effort. The client cannot maintain his O2 saturation above 70%. The nurses should anticipate assisting in beginning what type of pulmonary support? a. Increase oxygen level to 10 L/min.

b. Begin Bi-PAP.

c. Call respiratory therapy to suction the client

d. Prepare for mechanical ventilation.: d. Prepare for mechanical ventilation 36.Which

laboratory values would be expected in the client with nephrotic syndrome?

a. Low total cholesterol and LDL level

b. Low triglycerides and high LDL levels

c. High HDL and high LDL levels

d. High total cholesterol and high LDL levels: d. High total cholesterol and highLDL levels

37. When caring for a client with any type of anemia, the nurse knows that most

of the manifestations assessed are caused by a. tissue hypoxemia

b. the irregular shape of the red blood cells

c. retention of carbon dioxide

d. malnutrition: b. the irregular shape of the red blood cells

38. Conditions that predispose to sickling of hemoglobin in persons with sicklecell anemia

include:

a. Impaired red blood cell maturation

b. Increased iron content of blood

c. Decreased oxygen saturation

d. Increased intravascular volume: c. Decreased oxygen saturation

39. Which long-term care resident is most likely to be exhibiting the signs andsymptoms of

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

a. A 79 - year-old lifetime smoker who reports shortness of breath and pain ondeep inspiration.

b. An 81 - year-old smoker who has increased exercise intolerance, a fever, andincreased white

blood cells.

c. An 81 - year-old male who has a productive cough and recurrent respiratoryinfections.

d. An 88-year-old female who experiences acute shortness of breath and airway

constriction when exposed to tobacco smoke.: c. An 81 - year-old malewho has a productive cough and recurrent respiratory infections.

40. What is the mechanism in fuel metabolism that involves formation ofglucose or

glycogen from non-CHO sources? a. Lipolysis

b. Glycogenesis

c. Ketogenesis

d. Gluconeogenesis: d. Gluconeogenesis

41. Which individual is at the highest risk of developing a urinary tractinfection

(UTI)?

a. A 60 - year-old man with a history of cardiovascular disease who is recover-ingin hospital from

a coronary artery bypass graft

b. A 66 - year-old man undergoing dialysis for the treatment of chronic renalfailure

secondary to hypertension

c. A 38 - year-old man with high urine output due to antidiuretic hormoneinsufficiency

d. A 30 - year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus: d. A 30 - year-old

woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus

42. An older adult man reports recent urinary hesitation and is eventually

diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which clinical manifestations would the health care provider expect prior to the resolution of this health problem?

a. Urinary frequency and urgency and pain

b. Development of renal calculi and renal cysts

c. Unilateral hydronephrosis and pain

d. Development of glomerulonephritis or nephritic syndrome: a. Urinaryfrequency and

urgency and pain

43. In which stage of Type 2 diabetes does insulin resistance increase further,

fasting plasma glucose levels may remain normal, but postprandial plasmaglucose level rise? a. First stage

b. Second stage

c. Third stage

d. None of the above: a. First stage

44. Which clinical finding would be most closely associated with a client whohas interstitial

lung disease in comparison to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

a. Audible wheezing on expiration

b. Reduced expiratory flow rates

c. Decreased tidal volume

d. Normal forced expiratory volume: c. Decreased tidal volume

45. A young adult with a history of intermittent flank pain, repeated urinary tract infections

(UTIs), and hematuria is diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Which pathophysiologic abnormality most likely has contributed to the development of ADPKD?

a. UTIs coupled with an impaired immune response have caused the ADPKD.

b. The client has inherited a tendency for epithelial cells in the tubules to proliferate

inappropriately.

c. Severe hypertension and portal hypertension are likely precursors.

d. The client has inherited undersized kidneys that are prone to calculi for- mation.: b. The

client has inherited a tendency for epithelial cells in the tubulesto proliferate inappropriately.

46. A 48 - year-old male client, who normally enjoys good health, has been admitted to the

hospital for the treatment of polycythemia vera. The nurse who is providing care for the client should prioritize assessments aimed at the early identification of which of the following health problems? a. Orthostatic hypotension

b. Hyperventilation

c. Vasculitis

d. Thromboembolism: d. Thromboembolism

47. A short, nonsmoking 44 - year-old male presents to the emergency room withleft-sided chest

pain and a cough. He states the pain started abruptly and worsens with deep breathing and coughing. He denies recent injury. Assessment includes shallow respirations with a rate of 36, normal breath sounds, no cyanosis. Which condition is most likely causing his symptoms? a. Myocardial infarction

b. Spontaneous pneumothorax

c. Pleuritis related to infection

d. Obstructive atelectasis: c. Pleuritis related to infection

48. A newly admitted critical head injury client presents to the ICU. The client is unresponsive

to painful stimuli but able to breathe on his own. The nurse observes a decrease in the client's respiratory effort. The client cannot maintain his O2 saturation above 70%. The nurses should

anticipate assisting in beginning what type of pulmonary support? a. Increase oxygen level to 10 L/min.

b. Begin Bi-PAP.

c. Call respiratory therapy to suction the client

d. Prepare for mechanical ventilation.: d. Prepare for mechanical ventilation.

49. A 62-year-old Caucasian male with a past medical history of renal calculi is seen in the office

with complaints of mild right-sided flank pain that started suddenly today and nausea without vomiting. The nurse knows that the acute management in the clinic involves: a. Scheduling a CT scan.

b. Scheduling an ultrasound or plain x-rays films.

c. Having the client drink fluids, take pain medication and strain the urine.

d. Sending the client to the emergency room.: c. Having the client drink fluids,take pain

medication and strain the urine.

50. A client has undergone a lymph node biopsy. The nurse anticipates that the

report will reveal which of the following if the client has Hodgkin's lymphoma? a. Reed-Sternberg cells b. Philadelphiachromosome c. Epstein-Barr virus d. Herpes simplex virus: a. Reed-Sternberg cells

51. The nurse is caring for a group of clients and is reviewing the arterial bloodgas results for

each. Which client should the nurse assess first? The client with:

a. morphine infusion and a PaO2 of 80 mm Hg (10.64 kPa) and a PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg (6.

kPa)

b. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a PaO2 of 75 mm Hg (9.98 kPa)and a PaCO2 of

55 mm Hg (7.32 kPa)

c. Tuberculosis and a PaO2 of 85 mm Hg (11.30 kPa) and a PaCO2 of 50 mmHg (6.65 kPa)

d. Pneumonia and a PaO2 of 60 mm Hg (7.98 kPa) and PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg (5.32 kPa): d.

Pneumonia and a PaO2 of 60 mm Hg (7.98 kPa) and PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg (5.32 kPa)

52. Which of the following is not a factor that results in Type 1 diabetes? a.

Genetics

b. Obesity

c. Environment

d. Autoimmunity: b. Obesity

53. A 32-year-old woman presents at her health clinic complaining of weakness, feeling of

abdominal fullness, 6 - month history of fatigue and night sweats. She added a multivitamin with iron and some extra meat and leafy greens to her diet but has not experienced an increase in energy. Upon assessment, her spleenwas noted to be enlarged. Which diagnosis is most likely associated with her manifestations?

a. Accelerated chronic myelogenous leukemia

b. Stage A Hodgkin disease

c. Infectious mononucleosis

d. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: b. Stage A Hodgkin disease

54. A 51 - year-old female client who is 2 days postoperative in a surgical unit ofa hospital is at

risk of developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which teaching point by her nurse is most appropriate?

a. "Being in bed increases the risk of fluid accumulating between your lungsand their lining,

so it's important for you to change positions often."

b. "You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as muchas possible

while you're in bed."

c. "Make sure that you stay hydrated and walk as soon as possible to avoidour having to

insert a chest tube."

d. "I'll prescribe bronchodilator medications that will help open up your air-ways and allow

more oxygen in.": b. "You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as much as possible while you're in bed."

55. Hemolytic anemia is characterized by excessive red blood cell destructionand

compensatory:

a. Hypoactive bone marrow

b. Increased erythropoiesis

c. Iron retention in the body

d. Shrinkage of the spleen: b. Increased erythropoiesis

56. A client has recently been diagnosed with renal calculi and asks the nurse, "What should I be

eating to prevent stone formation?" What is the most appropriate response to the client's statement?

a. "Your diet may have played a part in this, but in fact genetics are likely primarily to

blame."

b. "What you eat can influence your risk of stone formation, but many otherfactors like

hormones and your metabolism are involved."

c. "You likely do not need to change your diet, but now that you have stonesin one kidney,

you are at very high risk of growing them in the other kidney."

d. "Your diet might be normally healthy, but high intake of normally beneficial minerals

like calcium and magnesium can lead to stones.": b. "What you eat can influence your risk of stone formation, but many other factors like hormones and your metabolism are involved."

57. As a consequence of long-standing lung disease, a client is in a chronicstate of

hypoxia. Which phenomena would the client's care team be most justified in anticipating? Select all that apply. a. Metabolic alkalosis

b. Increased erythropoietin production

c. Pulmonary vasodilation

d. Hyperventilation

e. Personality changes: b. Increased erythropoietin production d.

Hyperventilation e. Personality changes

58. A pregnant woman tells the nurse that she has a family history of sickle celldisease and is

afraid her baby will be born with the disease. The nurse would provide which information during a discussion with the client?

a. Sickle cell anemia is a male disease and would be passed on through the man's family.

b. Genetic testing will be needed to determine if her fetus is affected.

c. Both mother and father must carry the defective gene for the child to havesickle cell

disease.

d. The child only needs one parent to be a carrier in order for the child to be affected.: c. Both

mother and father must carry the defective gene for the childto have sickle cell disease.

59. Which of the following are clinical manifestations of Diabetes Ketoacidosis?

Select all that apply. a. Polyuria

b. Weight loss

c. Kussmaul respiration

d. Fluid overload

e. Cardiac arrhythmias: b. Weight loss

c. Kussmaul respiration

60. The physician suspects that a client with kidney stones has developed magnesium

ammonium phosphate (struvite) stones based on which of thefollowing urinalysis results?

a. Elevated uric acid levels

b. High urine phosphate level

c. Low bacterial count

d. Presence of cystine particles: b. High urine phosphate level

61. Which laboratory values would be expected in the client with nephroticsyndrome?

a. Low total cholesterol and LDL level

b. Low triglycerides and high LDL levels

16 /

c. High HDL and high LDL levels

d. High total cholesterol and high LDL levels: d. High total cholesterol and highLDL levels

62. A 60 - year-old woman is suspected of having non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL). Which

aspect of her condition would help to rule out Hodgkin lymphoma?

a. Her neoplasm originates in secondary lymphoid structures.

b. The lymph nodes involved are located in a large number of locations inthelymphatic

system.

c. The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells has been confirmed.

d. The woman complains of recent debilitating fatigue.: b. The lymph nodesinvolved are

located in a large number of locations in the

63. A young adult with a history of intermittent flank pain, repeated urinary tract

infections (UTIs), and hematuria is diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Which pathophysiologic abnormality most likely has contributed to the development of ADPKD?

a. UTIs coupled with an impaired immune response have caused the ADPKD.

b. The client has inherited a tendency for epithelial cells in the tubules toproliferate

inappropriately.

c. Severe hypertension and portal hypertension are likely precursors.

d. The client has inherited undersized kidneys that are prone to calculi for- mation: b. The

client has inherited a tendency for epithelial cells in the tubulesto proliferate

64. While explaining the physiology of type 2 diabetes to a group of nursing students, the clinical

instructor reviews which of the following accurate information?

a. The destruction of beta cells and absolute lack of insulin in people with type 2 diabetes

means that they are particularly prone to the development of diabetic complication.

b. Because of the loss of insulin response, all people with type 2 diabetes require

exogenous insulin replacement to control blood glucose levels 17 / 33