Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Pathophysiology

Download Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions and Answers and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity! FINAL EXAM FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024 GRADE A A registered nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about the cell cycle and tissue healing. Which statement made by a student nurse needs correction? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cardiac myocytes proliferate during the cell cycle and heal tissue damage. A client with arthritis asks the nurse the reason fro delayed healing of the ulcers the client has developed on the knees. Which is the best ANSWER? - ....ANSWER >>>>Prednisone, a corticosteroid, delays the healing process. While caring for an obese client who has undergone an abdominal surgery, the nurse finds that the client vomits occasionally. What is the complication of healing that the client might have developed? - ....ANSWER >>>>Dishiscence Which component of blood surrounds and consumes foreign material in phagocytosis? - ....ANSWER >>>>White blood cells A nurse is teaching a client with a decubitus ulcer about the nutrients required for wound healing. Which statement made by the client indicates effective learning? - ....ANSWER >>>>Consuming orange juice will improve wound healing. Which disease is spread from human to human via droplet infections through coughing or sneezing? - ....ANSWER >>>>Mumps Which is a protozoan infection? - ....ANSWER >>>>Giardiasis Which is an antibiotic-resistant bacterium? - ....ANSWER >>>>Staphylococcus aureus Which is the predominant immunoglobulin produced after a host's re-exposure to an antigen? - ....ANSWER >>>>Immunoglobulin G (IgG) A 27 year old client is pregnant. The blood group of the client and the fetus are incompatible. Which antibodies produced by the mother against the fetus's blood cells do not affect the fetus? - ....ANSWER >>>>IgM Which immunity is developed by an individual after experiencing an illness? - ....ANSWER >>>>Active acquired adaptive immunity Which is an example of passive acquired adaptive immunity? - ....ANSWER >>>>Newborns receiving immunity through breastmilk IgA is found most in - ....ANSWER >>>>tears A RN is teaching nursing students about passive acquired adaptive immunity, Which statement made by a student nurse indicates effective learning? - ....ANSWER >>>>All of the above A woman who is planning to get pregnant is ordered to obtain an antibody screening test. The test shows negative IgM. What does the test result indicate about the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>She needs to be given the rubella vaccine A client develops an erythematosus rash on the hands two days after working in the garden . What type of hypersensitivity reaction has the client developed - ....ANSWER >>>>Type IV delayed A client with scleroderma complains of painful ulcers on the knees. Which condition does the client have? - ....ANSWER >>>>Calcinosis A registrered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the diagnostic test for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. What statement made by the student nurse indicated effective teaching? - ....ANSWER >>>>Potassium hydroxide wet mount is used to diagnose candida infection Which part of the body produces white blood cells? - ....ANSWER >>>>Bone marrow What causes lymphomas? - ....ANSWER >>>>They arise from abnormal proliferation of T lymphocytes On reviewing the blood reports of a client who presents with a fever, the nurse finds that the white blood cell count is 13,000/mL. What term should the nurse use when documenting this finding? - ....ANSWER >>>>Leukocytosis The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count of a client who presents with a fever. It shows that the white blood cell count is 3,000/mL. What should the nurse use when documenting this finding? - ....ANSWER >>>>Leukopenia A client with an infection was brought to the hospital. The complete blood count with differential report shows a white blood cell count of 3,000 uL. Which condition has the client developed? - ....ANSWER >>>>Leukopenia A client has developed microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which dietary intervention should the nurse provide the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Foods rich in iron Which condition leads to increased reticulocyte count in blood? - ....ANSWER >>>>Excess blood loss from the body People with what blood type are known as univeraal reciepeints? - ....ANSWER >>>>AB postive Which condition would a nurse expect in a client with polycythemia vera? - ....ANSWER >>>>Hyperuricemia A child with sickle cell anemia experiences vaso- occlusive episodes. Which is the primary nursing object while caring for the child? - ....ANSWER >>>>Managing pain A RN is teaching a student nurse about treatments given for sickle cell anemia. Which statemetn made bythe student nurse indicates effective teaching? - ....ANSWER >>>>Acetaminophen is used to mange pain during vaso-occlusive episodes. A nurse is caring for a child with sickle cell anemia. The parent is asking the nurse about a treatment that would cure the child. Which is the best ANSWER the nurse can provide the parent? - ....ANSWER >>>>Treatments are aimed at reducing complications, but do not cure the condition A 27 year old male client tells a nurse that his siblings have sickle cell anemia, and he is concerned that his children might be affect by sickle cell anemia in the future. Which is the most appropriate advice the nurse should provide the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Your partner and you should consult a genetic counselor. Which diagnostic finding is most likely to be observed in a client with aplastic anemia? - ....ANSWER >>>>Decreased red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Which is the most common cause of erythropoietin deficiency? - ....ANSWER >>>>Renal failure Following an accident, the client arrives to the emergency room bleeding profusely. He had an estimated 15% to 30% blood loss from the body. What happens to the urine output of the body in this condition? - ....ANSWER >>>>Urine output decreases below 30 mL/ hour. A client who complains of weakness is found to have developed anemia. Which physical manifestation should the nurse look for to confirm the client has developed iron-deficiency anemia? - ....ANSWER >>>>All of the above What factor would contribute to a client having a high hemoglobin count - ....ANSWER >>>>living at high altitudes A client's pulse oximetry reading is 100%; however, the hemoglobin level is 8.5g/dL. The client's spouse asks the nurse what activities the client can safely out? - ....ANSWER >>>>Deep palpation of the abdomen A 55 year old client reports severe headache, weight loss, fatigue, stiffness, and pain in the shoulders. Which condition has the client developed - ....ANSWER >>>>Temporal arteritis A client presents to the ER with reports of severe back pain described as ripping sensation. Further assessment reveals a different blood pressure in the right arm than in the left arm and pallor and tachycardia. Which condition should a nurse suspect? - ....ANSWER >>>>Aortic dissection A client reports severe chest pain and a rapid heart rate. A nurse observes a blood pressure difference in the left and right arms. Which difference in blood pressure indicates an aortic dissection? - ....ANSWER >>>>20 mm Hg A RN is teaching a nursing student the effects of medications that are used to treat hyperlipidemia. Which statements of the student nurse indicates effective leaning? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cholestryramine blocks the bile acid absorption in the GI tract A nursing is teaching a client who has cardiovascular disease about the dietary sources of cholesterol and their effects on the body. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching? - ....ANSWER >>>>I should avoid using peanut and canola oil A 65 year old female client presents with complaints of crushing pain on the lest side of the cheat. After examining the client, it is found that the client has unstable angina. Which intervention to reduce the pain is appropriate for the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Administering nitroglycerin A client presents with complaints of difficulty breathing and looks pale. The client experiences excessive perspiration and his or her electrocardiogram shows an irregular rhythm. Which other finding will indicate that the client may have developed myocardial infarction? - ....ANSWER >>>>Nitroglycerin did not relieve the pain, even after taking three doses. A client presents with chest pain. The pain has not reduced, even after administering three nitroglycerine tablets within 10 minutes. Which diagnostic test should the primary health-care provider recommend to confirm that the client has developed myocardial infarction? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cardiac troponin test A nurse is reviewing the results of a diagnostic test of a client who is being moved out of the intensive care unit. A cardiac troponin T level assay was performed while the client was in the ICU, which indicated high levels of troponin. Which condition was the client diagnosed with? - ....ANSWER >>>>Acute myocardial infarction A nurse is provided discharge instructions to a client who is being discharged after treatment for myocardial infarction. Which statement made by the client indicates effective learning? - ....ANSWER intervention for this client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Administering ampicillin Which statement best differentiates cardiac afterload from cardiac preload? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cardia afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must overcome A 78 year old man presents to his physician for evaluation of edema. He reports a 3 month history of peripheral edema. Which edema may have developed in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Edema in the ankle. What is the term for 'rapid irregular rhythms' of the ventricle ? - ....ANSWER >>>>Tachydysrhythmias A client 50 years of age is diagnosed with Class III moderate heart failure. How id Class III heart failure different from other classes of heart failure in the client, according to the New York Association of Classification of Heart Failure? - ....ANSWER >>>>The client with Class II heart failure will have symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than normal physical activities. How does the heart function when a client is diagnosed with heart failure? - ....ANSWER >>>>The contractility and stroke value decreases A RN is teaching nursing students about ischemic cardiomyopathy. Which statement made by one of the student nurses indicates effective learning? - ....ANSWER >>>>Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the scaring of the heart muscle caused by coronary artery insufficiency. A 60 year old client who complains of swelling in the ankles of fingers, abdominal swelling, fullness of stomach and a weight gain of 2 lbs or more per day is diagnosed with mild or moderate heart failure. What are the symptoms that could be observed secondary to decreased cerebral perfusion? - ....ANSWER >>>>Dyspnea and nocturnal cough Which condition, according to the Framingham Criteria for Diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure is caused by night time cough? - ....ANSWER >>>>Jugular vein distension How is chronic heart failure different from acute heart failure? - ....ANSWER >>>>Chronic heart failure gradually develops over a period of time How is systolic dysfunction different from diastolic dysfunction? - ....ANSWER >>>>In systolic dysfunction, the ventricle has difficulty relaxing and is unable to expand fully. A RN is teaching nursing students about cardiac output. Which statement indicates effective learning by the student nurse? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cardiac output is the amount of blood that the heart pumps out of the left ventricle. A RN is teaching nursing students about the normal level for central venous pressure. Which statement made by one of the student nurses indicates effective learning? - ....ANSWER >>>>The normal range for central venous pressure is 1 to 5 mm Hg. client has recently undergone an orthopedic surgery on his right leg. Which condition has the client developed? - ....ANSWER >>>>Deep vein thromboembolism What condition can develop from DVT if it is not caught and treated early enough? - ....ANSWER >>>>Pumonary embolism A client comes to the clinic with dark red edema on the lower leg, with irregular margins of skin breakdown especially in the medial ankle region. The primary health-care provider diagnoses necrosis and tissue damage surrounding the affected area. What treatment would the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Topical medications A client works as a sales associate in a garment outlet and has to stand for the duration of each work shift. Clinical examination reveals a presence of a dusky discoloration around the ankle, instep, and lower leg. What condition do these findings indicate? - ....ANSWER >>>>Chronic venous insufficiency Which specific sign or symptom indicates that a client is suffering from varicose veins? - ....ANSWER >>>>Itching and aching lower leg muscles Which is a cause for the occurrence of varicose veins? - ....ANSWER >>>>Valvular incompetence in the legs What is the outermost layer of the walls of a vein? - ....ANSWER >>>>Tunica adventitia Which unique respiratory infection is caused by a resilient bacterial organism that can remain dormant in the body? - ....ANSWER >>>>Tuberculosis Which is the process of coughing up sputum? - ....ANSWER >>>>Expectoration While diagnosing a client, the primary health-care provider finds the cervical lymph nodes to be extremely tender. Which condition does the primary health-care provider write in the client's prescription? - ....ANSWER >>>>Acute pharyngitis Which condition results in lung tissue filling up with fluid or pus, inflammatory cells and fibrin? - ....ANSWER >>>>Pneumonia Which bacterium is responsible for pneumonia in a client with HIV infection? - ....ANSWER >>>>Pneumocystis jirovci Which pulmonary condition is caused by infiltration of bacteria, resulting in a localized area of purulent inflammation, tissue necrosis and central area of liquefaction? - ....ANSWER >>>>Lung abcess Which symptom is related to tuberculosis? - ....ANSWER >>>>Both B and C The nursing instruction is teaching a group of nursing students about pneumonia. Which statement shows proper learning about pneumonia by the nursing students? - ....ANSWER Which lung condition is common in clients with genetic disorder such as Marfan syndrome as well as frequent smokers? - ....ANSWER >>>>Primary spontaneous pneumothorax A doctor finds that a client is suffering from symptoms such as jugular venous distension, ascites, hepatomegaly and ankle or sacral edema. What condition does the doctor interpret from this situation? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cor pulmonale The nurse is advising a client about adult respiration distress syndrome. Which statement shows best that the nurse properly understands the disorder? - ....ANSWER >>>>An individual developing ARDS has multiple organ failure and becomes critically ill While assessing the reports of a client, a nursing finds that there has been an abnormal collection of fluid within the pleural cavity. What remedy can the nurse infer about the condition based on the symptoms? - ....ANSWER >>>>Thoracotomy as wells as a chest tube attached for suctioning A client suffers from wheezing, prolonged exhalations and rhonchi. He or she uses accessory muscles during breathing. For treatment the doctor prescribes bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers. What disorder does the client have? - ....ANSWER >>>>Asthma A nurse is assessing a client who has been working in the paint factory for an extensive period. A client has been constantly exposed to mineral crystals in the form of asbestos. The client has been a chain smoke as well. What prevalent disease, according to the nurse, is the client prone to? - ....ANSWER >>>>Mesothelioma A victim of a motor vehicle accident comes to a medical facility with a rib fracture that has punctured the pleural membrane. The open wound allowed the pleural cavity to pul air into the opening of the wound, thus building a pleural space. What treatment can a nurse expect from the primary health-care provider? - ....ANSWER >>>>A chest tube with suction to be applied on the affected side. A nurse is preparing a client for a central venous catheter insertion. Which condition during the operating procedure should the nurse be most alert of? - ....ANSWER >>>>Iatrogenic pneumothorax After assessing the recent chest x-rays of a client, a nurse finds nodules and honeycomb lung patterns. On assessing the clients previous chest x-ray report, the nurse finds diffused "ground glass" markings in the lower fields. What condition can the nurse infer from these observations? - ....ANSWER >>>>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis A nurse instructor is teaching a group of student nurses about obstructive sleep apnea. Which treatment, according to the nurse, should be most appropriate to keep the airways from closing? - ....ANSWER >>>>Continuous positive airway pressure A client presents with a specific type of renal calculi that is not widely prevalent. The nurse knows that this client has been undergoing chemotherapy as part of his or her treatment for cancer. Which is an associated characteristic of the type of renal calculi that is most likely to be present in this client? - ....ANSWER >>>>High purine levels in the bloodstream Which statement made by a student nurse demonstrates understanding of the basic pathology of renal disorders? - ....ANSWER >>>>Postrenal dysfunction can be accompanied by an increased risk of infection Which statement made by a student nurse demonstrates understanding about the secretory functions of the kidney? - ....ANSWER >>>>Clients with impaired renal function have disrupted calcium balance in the bloodstream due to inactive vitamin D How much urine can the urinary bladder usually hold? - ....ANSWER >>>>300 to 400 mL Which is the most common cause of urinary obstruction in men older than 60? - ....ANSWER >>>>Benign prostate hyperplasia What is the rate of recurrence of urolithiasis within 5 year after it occurs in a client for the first time? - ....ANSWER >>>>35% Which type of calculi in the ureter is found most often in clients with spinal cord injuries? - ....ANSWER >>>>Struvite How long does a typical wave of renal colic last? - ....ANSWER >>>>20 to 60 minutes A nurse is caring for an older adult with a UTI. A spinal injury has necessitated the long-term use of an indwelling urinary catheter in this client. Which is the most likely complication that the nurse would anticipate in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Both B and D Which type of renal calculi is caused by a genetic disorder associated with the faulty metabolism of an amino acid? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cystine stones Which statement about the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract infections is true? - ....ANSWER >>>>Any obstruction of urinary outflow decreases the bladder's resistance to bacterial infection Which factor does the nurse identify to be responsible for potentially lower urinary tract infections in young men? - ....ANSWER >>>>Both A and B Which is a risk factor for both bacterial and fungal UTIs? - ....ANSWER >>>>Urinary catheters Which observation is associated with the nonulcerative type of interstitial cystitis? - ....ANSWER >>>>Both A and B Which type of stone in the case of urolithiasis is associated with indwelling catheters? - ....ANSWER >>>>Struvite Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and hardening of arterial walls. Which condition acts as an initiator of arteriosclerosis? - ....ANSWER >>>>Endothelial cell injury Which organ is most susceptible to damage and death due to prolonged ischemia? - ....ANSWER >>>>Brain A client is suffering from prolonged ischemia and tissue death. Which term can be used to refer to such tissue death? - ....ANSWER >>>>Infarction Which is the most prevalent method to replace permanently injured tissues and organs? - ....ANSWER >>>>Transplantation A genetically programmed cell death is a process that can destroy cells that are no longer needed. What is the best method to do this? - ....ANSWER >>>>Apoptosis Which body part contains pluripotent stem cells? - ....ANSWER >>>>Umbilical cord What is the weakened area in an arterial wall called? - ....ANSWER >>>>Aneurysm A client reports persistent cough. The nurse suspects the client may have developed tuberculosis. Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to prescribe to confirm this condition? - ....ANSWER >>>>Both A and B The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count of a client who presents with fever. The white blood cell count of the client is 15,000 cells/mL. Which condition has the client developed? - ....ANSWER >>>>Leukocytosis A client reports fever and shortness of breath. The complete blood count with differential shows a white blood count of 16,000 cells/mL with 90% neutrophils, 2% eosinophils and 1% basophils. Which condition has the client developed? - ....ANSWER >>>>Bacterial pneumonia While asses the vital signs of a 35 year old client, the nurse records a blood pressure of 130/85 and body temperature of 103F. The client's complete blood count value indicates the presence of an acute infection. What is the best nursing intervention for this client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Administer aspirin to reduce fever. A 2 year old client was brought to the hospital with fever. Reports revealed that the client has developed an acute infection. What nursing intervention should the nurse implement for the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>None of the above A client has developed an infection after dental implant surgery. Which condition is the client likely to develop if the infection is left untreated? - ....ANSWER >>>>Septicemia A client has been working in a coal mine for a long time. Which condition is the client likely to develop? - ....ANSWER >>>>Anthracosis nurse finds abdominal pain and tenderness of the abdomen,. The nurse suspects duodenal ulcers in the client. Which diagnostic procedure does the primary health-care provider recommend? - ....ANSWER >>>>Urea breath test Which is the most common etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in adults? - ....ANSWER >>>>Helicobacter pylori Which statement correctly describes the mechanism of inflammatory diarrhea? - ....ANSWER >>>>It occurs if the mucosal lining of the intestine is injured A client tells the nurse "I have had abdominal pain, bloating, visual disturbances, and bone pain for the last 3 to 6 months" On assessment, the nurse finds excessive weight loss and suspects an autoimmune hypersensitivity disorder. Which diagnostic test does the primary health-care provider recommend for further confirmation? - ....ANSWER >>>>Serology celiac panel Which therapeutic procedure treats peritonitis? - ....ANSWER >>>>Peritoneal lavage On assessing a client with a gastrointestinal disorder, the nurse finds steatorrhea, abdominal distension, and muscle wasting. The primary health- care provider prescribes corticosteroid therapy for the client, Which instructions does the nurse provide to effectively manage the condition? - ....ANSWER >>>>Avoid gluten-containing food The nursing instructor taught a group of student nurses about the physical examination of clients with appendicitis. In the practical session, the instructor asks one of the student nurses to assess the signs of rebound tenderness in the client. Which assessment by the student nurse indicates effective learning? - ....ANSWER >>>>The student nurse deeply palpates the client's abdomen and then removes pressure The nursing students are learning about precautions to be taken while caring for a client with suspected appendicitis. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning? - ....ANSWER >>>>The client should avoid taking pain medications Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is involved with the production of protective mucous? - ....ANSWER >>>>Goblet cells Which is the largest serous membrane in the body? - ....ANSWER >>>>peritoneum Which side effect will the nurse observe in a client who is on epinephrine therapy? - ....ANSWER >>>>Suppression of the urge to defecate What is the significance of propulsive movements in the large intestine? - ....ANSWER >>>>Initiation of defecation Which disorder is characterized by the presence of cobblestoning upon examining the color? - ....ANSWER >>>>Crohn's disease The registered nurse is teaching about the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to student nurses. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning? - ....ANSWER >>>>"NAFLD is linked to metabolic syndrome." The nurse suspects hepatic encephalopathy in a client with severe liver dysfunction. Which symptom may support the nurse's conclusion? - ....ANSWER >>>>Stupor While assessing a client who has liver dysfunction, the nurse finds that the client has shifting abdominal dullness. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Ascites The registered nurse is teaching about portal hypertension to a group of student nurses. Which statement by the student nurse indicates the need for further teaching? - ....ANSWER >>>>Portal hypertension causes coagulation abnormalities. While reviewing the medical file of a client with cirrhosis, the nurse finds that the client has steatorrhea. What reason might the nurse suspect for this condition in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Diminished synthesis of bile While assessing a client with liver cirrhosis, the nurse observes that the client has asterixis. What is the reason for this condition of the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Encephalopathy Which condition is commonly seen in the case of protein loss in clients with liver cirrhosis? - ....ANSWER >>>>Hypersplenism After assessing a client with biliary cirrhosis, the nurse suspects xanthelasmas. Which laboratory test will support the nurse's conclusion? - ....ANSWER >>>>Lipid levels The client with alcoholic liver disease is experiencing bruising, nosebleed, and hematemesis. Which treatment option does the nurse suspect to be effective in this client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Vitamin K The registered nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about the functions of the liver. Which response of the student nurse indicates the need for further teaching? - ....ANSWER >>>>"The liver synthesizes glucagon." Which type of hepatitis is caused by a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus? - ....ANSWER >>>>HBV What reason does the nurse suspect for the change of urine color in a client with liver disease? - ....ANSWER >>>>Accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream Which factors may lead to an acute inflammation of the pancreas? - ....ANSWER >>>>Both A and B A physical examination of a client exhibits Cullen sign and Grey-Turner sign. Which condition should epigastric region radiating to the back when lying supine. Upon physical assessment, the nurse finds that the client has fever and hypotension. What should the nurse infer from these findings? - ....ANSWER >>>>The client has acute pancreatitis. A nurse is caring for a client who has cholecystitis and was diagnosed with pruritus. Which medication should the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe for the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cholestyramine (Questran) Which is a common risk factor that leads one susceptible to forming gallstones? - ....ANSWER >>>>All of the above Which hormone produced by the intestine triggers the release of pancreatic enzymes? - ....ANSWER >>>>Secretin Which disorder is caused by an increase in the hormones that are secreted from the adrenal gland? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cushing's Syndrome A client tells the nurse, "I've been feeling excessively thirsty for the last 2 days." On examination, the nurse finds the client has poor skin turgor, low blood pressure and dry skin. A CT scan of the client's head shows a pituitary tumor. Which treatment does the nurse expect to be prescribed by the primary health-care provider? - ....ANSWER >>>>Arginine vasopressin A client who underwent laryngotomy presented with depression, increased sensitivity to cod, and constipation. On assessment, the nurse finds a puffy face and periorbital edema. The blood reports shows a high TSH level. What does the nurse interpret from the findings? - ....ANSWER >>>>The client has hypothyroidism Which condition exhibits "moon facies" as a characteristic symptom? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cushing's syndrome Which diagnostic test is useful for detecting hyperactivity of the thyroid gland during an elevation of a thyroid disorder? - ....ANSWER >>>>Radioactive iodine scan The nurse is caring for a client with seizures, severely elevated blood pressure, and impaired mentation. The primary health-care provider suspects the client's condition is an endocrine disorder. A 24- hour urinalysis reports shows an excess amount of catecholamine metabolites. What might be the diagnosis of the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>The client has pheochromocytoma Which endocrine disorder involves treatment using antithyroid hormone medication such as propylthiouracil? - ....ANSWER >>>>Grave's disease Which congenital condition occurs due to thyroid hormone deficiency during embryonic development and early neonatal life? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cretinism The nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about treatment strategies that are beneficial to a client with hyperparathyroidism. Which statement of the student nurse does the nurse correct? - The nurse is caring for a client with immune mediated type 1 diabetes. What would the nurse expect to be the cause for this condition in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>The client has destruction of beta cells. The laboratory report of a client shows arterial blood pH of 7.6, blood glucose level of 650 mg/dL, and serum bicarbonate level of 17 mEq/L. What does the nurse infer from these laboratory findings? - ....ANSWER >>>>The client has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome Which symptom is associated with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome? - ....ANSWER >>>>All of the above The nurse reviews the laboratory reports of a client and concludes that the client has diabetes. Which finding helped the nurse to reach this conclusion? - ....ANSWER >>>>All of the above The nurse observes sweating, dizziness, and disorientation in the client and consults the primary health-care provider while caring for a diabetic client. Which treatment option would be most beneficial to the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Administering 50 mL of 50% dextrose intravenously Why does the nurse use the C-peptide test for a type 1 diabetic client? - ....ANSWER >>>>None of the above The mother of an adolescent diabetic client tells the nurse, "My daughter is skipping insulin doses frequently because she is concerned about weight gain." Which condition does the nurse document for this client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Psychological insulin resistance The nurse observes hyperpigmented, velvety macular lesion on the neck during the assessment of a diabetic client. What does the nurse infer from this observation? - ....ANSWER >>>>The client has acanthosis nigricans Which complication is suspected in a client whose blood sugar is less then 30 mg/dL? - ....ANSWER >>>>Seizure The nurse observes a diabetic client who has would that has not healed for a long time. Which condition odes the nurse suspect in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Immunosuppression Why is the incidence of strokes rising every year? - ....ANSWER >>>>Both A and B The caregiver of a client tells a nurse that the client has paralysis of the upper and lower left limbs. On assessment, the nurse finds motor and sensory loss in the client's limbs . Which diagnostic procedure should the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to prescribe? - ....ANSWER >>>>Blood studies A nurse finds that a client has motor and sensory loss on the right side of the body. The diagnostic tests reveal ischemia. The nurse suspects that an unresponsive. What could be the score using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale? - ....ANSWER >>>>3 A research nurse, while participating in clinical trials, finds that a client has receptive aphasia. Which pathophysiological change should the nurse expect to be the cause of this condition in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Dysfunction in the Wernicke's area A CT scan report of a client who has a neurological disorder reveals the presence of bleeding in a specific area of the brain. On assessment, the nurse finds elevated blood pressure and cerebral edema. The primary health care provider instruct the nurse to administer IV mannitol. Which condition should the nurse expect the client to have? - ....ANSWER >>>>Hemorrhagic stroke A nursing instructor is teaching a group of student nurses about cerebrovascular disorders and associated pathophysiology. Which statement of the student nurse requires correction? - ....ANSWER >>>>The right atrium undergoes atrial fibrillation with stasis of blood and clot formation in an ischemic stroke. The nurse is caring for a client who had a head injury in a motor vehicle accident. The client complains of lack of coordination and imbalance since the accident. Which part of the cerebrum would the nurse suspect to have been damaged? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cerebellum The student nurse is performing a Babinski reflex test in a client to assess his or her neurologic system. Which is the correct interpretation by the student nurse? - ....ANSWER >>>>A positive Babinski reflex, where the client has flaring of the toes in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot, indicates an upper motor neuron disorder. In a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome, the health- care provider has found that the possibility of performing plasmapheresis is low. Which other alternative treatment can be recommended to this client to produce the same effect as that of plasmapheresis? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cerebrospinal fluid filtration A client suffering from myasthenia gravis is admitted to the ICU after being diagnosed with respiratory failure. Which factor could have precipitated this condition in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>All of the above Which statement relates to multiple sclerosis? - ....ANSWER >>>>It is a demyelinating disorder The nursing instructor is teaching a group of student nurses about the preventive therapy for migraine. Which client requires preventive therapy to be prioritized first? - ....ANSWER >>>>A female client who is on therapy with vasodilators Which type of epileptic seizure is characterized by a sudden lapse of consciousness for 5 to 30 seconds? - ....ANSWER >>>>Petit mal seizure Which statement by the student nurse indicates the need for further teaching about cerebrospinal fluid After assessing the sensory function in a client with a skyll gracture, the nurse records the sensotyr index scrore as one. What does this score in the client indicate? - ....ANSWER >>>>Impaired sensitivity to stimuli While reviewing the clinical history of a client with brain injury, the nurse finds that there is a bruising of the mastoid process behind the ear of the affected side. Which fracture should the nurse suspect in a client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Basilar skull fracture What does interruption of the dorsal spinal cord columns cause in a client with spinal cord injury? - ....ANSWER >>>>Loss of proprioception The nurse is asses a client who presents to the emergency room with spinal cord injury. Which finding in the client's reports made the nurse suspect central cord syndrome? - ....ANSWER >>>>Hyperextension of the cervical spine The RN is teaching about subdural hematomas to a group of student nurses. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective teaching? - ....ANSWER >>>>Subdural hematomas cause bleeding in the space below the dura mater and above arachnoid membrane Which factor can cause herniation of the brain stem? - ....ANSWER >>>>Compression of optic nerve A client who sustained a rear-end motor vehicle collision is admitted to the emergency department. Which injury should the nurse expect to be present in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Hyperextension injury A client wit diffuse axonal injury is experiencing difficulty with speech. Which region of the brain does the nurse suspect to be affected? - ....ANSWER >>>>Broca's area The nurse suspects cerebral edema in a client with a cerebral contusion. Which diagnostic test will help in confirming the diagnosis? - ....ANSWER >>>>MRI Which statement made by the mother of a client with spinal cord injury made the nurse suspect an axial loading injury? - ....ANSWER >>>>My child was injured while diving in the swimming pool. Which disorder associated with the compression of the bilateral nerve roots of the lumbosacral region? - ....ANSWER >>>>Cauda equina syndrome The nurse finds that a client with a musculoskeletal disorder has pain in the malleolar zone. The client is also unable to bear weight for four steps. What does the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to order in this situation - ....ANSWER >>>>Ankle x-rayShoulder While teaching a group of student nurses about different types of fractures the nursing instructor stays, "This fracture is characterized by the crushing of cancellous bone." Which type of fracture is the nursing instructor describing? - ....ANSWER >>>>Compression The nurse is evaluating the performance of a student nurse while caring for a client with an ankle sprain. Which intervention of the student nurse does the nursing instructor correct while providing care to the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Keeping the ankle below the heart While teaching a group fo student nurses about various musculoskeletal disorder, the nurse states, "This syndrome occurs when tissue pressure exceeds perfusion pressure in a closed anatomic space." Which syndrome is the nurse describing? - ....ANSWER >>>>Compartment syndrome Which is a test primarily used to diagnose fetal chromosome problems? - ....ANSWER >>>>Amniocentesis Which is an inherited connective tissue disorder? - ....ANSWER >>>>Marfan syndrome Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol level. Which statement is true regarding the condition? - ....ANSWER >>>>Children are at risk for early acute myocardial infarction Similar to sickle cell anemia, which other genetic disorder offers protection against malaria? - ....ANSWER >>>>G6PD deficiency An adult client is diagnosed with Marfan syndrome after presenting with joint pain and weakness or numbness in the legs. What other clinical finding would be a treatment priority for this client? - ....ANSWER >>>>pneumothorax A 19-year-old male client presents with rheumatoid arthritis. The client has a tall, lanky body, sparse facial hair. He complains of decreased physical endurance. How could a diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome be confirmed in this client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Perform genetic testing and hormone analysis A karyotype is the overall picture of? - ....ANSWER >>>>all the chromosomal pairs in an individual What defines translation in protein synthesis? - ....ANSWER >>>>Process of protein synthesis from RNA After assessing a client, a nurse finds that the client has a growth of cancer cells in the bladder, rectum, and other parts of the body. Which state of cervical cancer should the nurse expect in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Stage IV A nurse is assessing a client who has thyroid cancer and anticipates that the client has a benign tumor. Which finding helped the nurse reach this conclusion? - ....ANSWER >>>>The sudden onset of pain in the thyroid nodules Which physiological finding is associated with kidney cancer? - ....ANSWER >>>>tender costovertebral angle A CT scan shows the presence of a malignant tumor in a client. A primary health care provider tells the nurse that the tumor is of type grade II, How will A primary health care provider performs a digital rectal exam in a client who is diagnosed with colon cancer and finds that the tumor has invaded into the visceral peritoneum. Which state of colon cancer should a nurse document in the client's medical record according to Dukes classification? - ....ANSWER >>>>Stage 2 After an assessment, the nurse discovers a ringworm infection on the client's hand. What should the nurse document in the client's medical record? - ....ANSWER >>>>Tinea manus The nurse finds the medication betamethasone in the prescription of a client with skin disorder. Which skin disorder does the nurse suspect in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>eczema While caring for a client with a skin disorder, the nurse finds wheals on the skin, as well as swelling of the eyes, face, lips and the mucous membranes of the client. Which could be the reason for this disorder in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Release of histamine from mast cells Which part of the body is infected in a client with tinea cruris infection? - ....ANSWER >>>>groin While caring for a client with an autoimmune skin disorder, the nurse observes a red-colored, butterfly-patterned lesion over the client's nose and cheeks. After reviewing the skin biopsy reports, the nurse also finds deposits of IgM immunoglobulin in the lesions of the client. Which skin disorder should the nurse expect to find in the medical record of this client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Systemic lupus erythematosus While caring for a client with a skin disorder, the nurse observes a cherry-red, dome-shaped papule over the abdomen of the client. Which skin disorder would the nurse anticipate in this client, based on this finding? - ....ANSWER >>>>Senile angiomas While reviewing the medical record of a client with a skin disorder, the nurse finds a history of onycholysis. Which symptom should the nurse expect to find in this client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Separation of the nails from the nail beds A client is diagnosed with plugging and clogging of apocrine sweat gland openings on the skin. What instructions should the nurse give to this client? - ....ANSWER >>>>. Use anti-bacterial soaps daily. A client shows non-inflammatory open comedones on the skin along with the presence of lesions. Which microorganism infection will the nurse suspect in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Propionibacterium acnes Which birthmarks are characterized by pink, patch- like lesions that occur from permanent blood vessel abnormalities? - ....ANSWER >>>>Port wine stains A client is diagnosed with degenerative disc disorder. Which form of physical therapy does the nurse anticipate the primary care provider will prescribe to reduce the movement of the spine and Which class of medications are contraindicated for a client with Cushing's disease? - ....ANSWER >>>>Glucocorticoids After assessing a client with spinal stenosis, the primary care provider orders immediate decompression surgery. Which symptom in the client did the primary care provider likely observe? - ....ANSWER >>>>Diminished bowel and bladder function Which condition in a client may cause cauda equina syndrome? - ....ANSWER >>>>Paget's disease A nurse is caring for a client whose lumbar spinal nerve 4 is affected by degenerative disc disease. Which condition does the nurse anticipate in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Diminished patella reflex The primary care provider recommends measuring the trabecular bone density in a client's spine. Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect the primary health care provider to prescribe? - ....ANSWER >>>>Quantitative computed tomography scan The laboratory report of a client with a bone infection shows an abscess below the bone surface. Which state of bone infection does the nurse suspect in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>2 A RN is teaching a group of student nurses about synovial fluid. Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching? - ....ANSWER >>>>There is a wide exchange between the bloodstream and the synovial joint Which disease can cause iritis and pulmonary fibrosis? - ....ANSWER >>>>Ankylosing spondylitis A client is found to have both osteomyelitis and arthritis. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Pott's disease A RN is teaching a group of student nurses about gout. Which statement made by a student nurse indicates effective learning? - ....ANSWER >>>>Estrogen protects against hyperuricemia A client is having a skin rash presented as an oval- shaped and red-colored lesion. On assessment, the nurse finds enlargement of lymph nodes in this client. Which condition should the nurse suspect in the client? - ....ANSWER >>>>Lyme disease Which laboratory test is used to identify Lyme Disease? - ....ANSWER >>>>Both A and B Which treatment would a nurse expect to be beneficial in a client diagnosed with Lyme disease? - ....ANSWER >>>>A 10 to 21 day course of doxycycline All are true about osteomyelitis except - ....ANSWER >>>>All type of organisms can cause osteomyelitis A nurse is teaching a client non pharmacological therapy to treat gout. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching? -