Pathophysiology Module 5 questions and answers 2022- Stepp., Exams of Nursing

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Conducting airways and respiratory tissues

The respiratory system can be divided into what 2 structures?

Your Answer: 1-conducting airways 2-

respiratory tissue

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Question 1

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Due No due date Points 5 Questions 20 Time Limit None

Attempt History

Attempt Time Score

LATEST Attempt^1 1,276 minutes 5 out of 5

Score for this quiz: 5 out of 5

Submitted Feb 21 at 7:05pm

This attempt took 1,

minutes.

Page 1 of 1

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Your Answer: trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli

What are the levels of branching?

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Question 2

Alveoli

Your Answer:

alveoli

Where is the site of gas exchange?

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Question 3

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age 2

Question (^4) 0 / 0 pts

What cells are in the alveolar

epithelium? Your Answer:

type I alveolar cells: cells make up 95% of the

surface area and are composed of thin squamous

cells, cannot be divided.

type II alveolar cells: cells are cuboid cells cover

about 5% of the alveolar surface area. though

they are just as numerous.

when lung injury occur type II cells are capable of

proliferating into both type I and type II cells.

Type 1 and II alveolar cells, macrophages

What occurs with the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration?

Your Answer:

diaphragm is the main muscle of inspiration. diaphragm contracts inspiration, chest expands.

minor role, the external intercostal muscle, scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscle aid in brea

upon expiration the diaphragm relax and (stop contracting)the chest cavity decreasesand the pre

increases which will forced the air out of the lungs

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Question 6

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inspiration: respiratory when the diaphragm contacts the thoracic

cavity ex expiration: respiratory muscle relax and the thoracic cavity

retracts greater

During inspiration, air is drawn into the lungs as the respiratory muscles expa

relax and the chest cavity becomes smaller.

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Question 7

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The diaphragm is the main muscle of inspiration. When the diaphragm contracts (i

What is lung compliance? What factors affect it?

Your Answer:

lung compliance is the ease with lungs can inflate.

takes more pressure to move air into a noncompliant lung than a

complaint o factor: overall water content, surface tension,amount of

elastin and collagen surface tension refers to the force exerted by

water molecules on the surface pulmonary surfactants lower the

surface tension and make lung inflation eas elastin fiber are easily

stretched, making the lung tissue more complaint or e

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Be familiar with the lung volumes, lung capacities, and

Q p u ul e m s o ti n o a n ry 8 function tests in Figure 5 .5.

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Lung compliance is the ease with which lungs can be inflated. Elastin, collagen, ela

What is ventilation? Perfusion? Diffusion?

Your Answer:

ventilation is the movement of gases into and out of the lungs

perfussion is the movement of blood into the necessary organ and

tissue so t diffusion os the movement of gases across the alveolar

capillary membrane.

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Page 6 of 1

Ventilation is the movement of gases into and out of the lungs. Perfusion

Oxyhemoglobin is the term to describe when hemoglobin is bound with oxygen

Your Answer:

is a term used to describe when hemoglobin is bound with oxygen

What is oxyhemoglobin?

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Q Fi u g e u s re tio 5 n. 6. 9

Know the difference between a shunt and dead air space in

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Question 10

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is the pro

98%-99%

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Page 7 of 1

What is affinity?

Your Answer:

affinity of the hemoglobin molecule is the degree to which is able

The ability of the hemoglobin molecule to bind oxygen in the lungs affinity of

As dissolved carbon dioxide, attached to hemoglobin, as bicarbonate

Your Answer:

CO2 is transported in the blood in 3 forms 1- dissolved CO2 10% attached to hemoglobin 30%

bicarbonate 60%

How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

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Question 11

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to bind ox

and relea

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The automatic regulation is controlled by both chemoreceptors and breathing

Your Answer:

it is control in two ways 1- automatic 2- voluntary mechanisms

How is breathing controlled?

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Question 12

What are the characteristics of COPD?

Your Answer:

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Question 13

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lung rece

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Page 9 of 1

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chronic obstructive pulmonary Disease is

characterized by chronic and recurrent airflow

abstraction

leading cause of morbidity and mortality

worldwide smoking is by far the leading

risk factor

less common risk factor is heredity alpha-

1antitrypsin ATT protein Deficiency

addition factor include asthma and airway hyperresposivenness

The pathogenesis of COPD includes inflammation and

fibrosis of the bronchial wall, hypertrophy of the

submucosal glands and hypersecretion of mucus, and loss

of elastic lung fibers and alveolar tissue. This airflow

obstruction causes a mismatch in ventilation and perfusion.

Alveolar tissue destruction leads to a decreased surface

area for gas exchange.

What is the leading risk factor for COPD?

Your Answer:

smoking

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Question 14

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Smoking

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Be able to differentiate between emphysema and chronic

Q b

u ro

e n

s c

t h

io iti

n s;

15 be familiar with the

disease pathology, presentation, diagnosis, and

treatment of COPD.

0 cli / n 0 ic p a t l s

What are the characteristics of asthma? Your

Answer:

the characteristics of asthma are obstructed airways,

bronchia' hyper responsiveness , airways inflammation , and

in some cases airways remodeling.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by

airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway

inflammation, and in some cases, airway remodeling.

Question 16

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tivity rea

nsitivity r

s a partial

What is atopy?

Your Answer:

atopy is a genetic tendency for developing IgE mediate

hypersensi

Atopy is the genetic tendency for developing IgE-mediated hyperse

developing asthma.

Be familiar with the risk factors, disease pathology, clinical

Q p u re e s s e t n io ta n tio 1 n 7 , diagnosis, and treatment of

asthma.

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What is pneumothorax?

Your Answer:

pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleura space

that cause

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Atelectasis is an incomplete expansion of a lung, or portion of lung, caused by

Your Answer:

atelectasis is an incomplete expansion of a lung or portion of a lun

What is atelectasis?

Be familiar with the risk factors, disease pathology, clinical

Q p u re e s s e t n io ta n tio 1 n 8 , diagnosis, and treatment of pneumothorax 0. / 0 pts

answers 2022- Stepp.

Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural space that causes partial or com

g , caused

Be familiar with the risk factors, disease pathology, clinical presentation,

diagno

answers 2022- Stepp.

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Be familiar with the disease pathology, clinical

presentation,

Be d

fa ia

m g

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a s

r is

w ,

it a

h nd

th t

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c a

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h u

a lm

t c o

a n ar

c y

au em

se b

A

o

R

lis

D

m

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.

in Table 5. 3.

answers 2022- Stepp.

Question 19

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What type of substance causes a pulmonary

embolism? Your Answer:

pulmonary embolism occurs when a substance lodges

in branch of the pulmonary artery and obstructs blood

flow. the embolism maybe a thrombus air accidentally

injected into an intravenous infusion, fat from the bone

marrow after a fracture or trauma or amniotic fluid that

enters the maternal circulation after rupture of

membrane.

The embolism may be a thrombus, air accidentally injected

into an intravenous infusion, fat from the bone marrow after

a fracture or trauma, or amniotic fluid that enters the

maternal circulation after rupture of membranes.

answers 2022- Stepp.

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