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PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 sp3 - tetrahedral 109.5 4 single bonds for oxygen and nitrogen tetrahedral bent sp2 - trigonal planar 120 1 double 2 single for oxygen and nitrogen trigonal planar linear PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 sp - linear 180 1 triple 1 single or 2 double formula for alkane - CnH(2n+2) a organic molecule that contains at least one multiple bond is said to be__________ - unsaturated boiling point - the molecule with the most carbons will having the highest boiling point, unless it can hydrogen bond OH NH COOH. hydrogen bonding increases boiling point. organic compounds tend to be - combustible neuclophile - electron pair donor and hence a lewis base PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 which molecule with undergo an SN2 reaction the fastest? - the molecule that is less sterically hindered the condition at which the solid state , the liquid state, and the gas state coexist in equilibrium is known as the - triple point which of the following solutions would exhibit the lowest freezing point? 0.1 M HCl 0.1 M CH3COOH 0.1 M glucose 0.1 M NH3 - 0.1 M HCl what statement regarding a reaction that exhibits zero order kinetics is true? - an increase in temperature will increase the rate of the reaction. zero order usually means rate is dependant on temp. what is the general formula for a saturated fatty acid? - CnH2nO2 with n being an even integer between 10 and 20 PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 what is the correct name for FeSO4 - iron(II)sulfate what solution has the lowest pH? - trick question! choose the most acidic! HNO3 lithium has 3 protons and 4 neutrons, what is the atomic number? - 3 for the combustion of a hydrocarbon in sufficient air, the products are - CO2 +H2O to calculate cell potential - change the sign of the negative E and add them up -0.40E +0.80 answer is 1.20 V what is the formula of the basic anhydride of rubidium hyroxide, RbOH? - Rb2O what is formed when two amino acid molecules are linked by a reaction that spits out a water molecule? - a peptide PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 what is the maximum number of electrons possessed by an element in the 3rd period? - 18 2n^2 2(3)^2=18 a 0.1 m NaCl solution has a higher boiling point then does 0.1 m glucose solution. why? - NaCl is a electrolyte and hence yields more molecules in solution. what radiation would be attracted to a positively charged electrode? - beta (-) alpha(+) gamma(neutral) a bronsted base is a(n) - proton acceptor BBPA BAPD PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 the atomic number and the mass number for each atom is conserved - in ordinary chemical reactions only which atoms belong to the same element - if the proton number match must be the same number a lipid is formed by the reaction of a(n) - fatty acid and glycerol what statement is consistent with the pauli exclusion principle? - no two electrons in the same orbital can have the same spin orientation. an orbital is best described as - the volume of space centered on the nucleus that an electron is most probably found in. to prepare 1 liter of 2m glucose solution - mix two moles of glucose with enough water to yield 1 liter of solution silver chloride has a ksp value of 1.8x10^10. the solubility of silver chloride in water is best described as - insoluable PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 a small Ksp=insoluable what solution would yield the highest boiling point? - choose the electrolyte that yields the most ions. exp KCl only yields 2 ions but K2SO4 yields 3 ions. what solution would turn blue litmus red? - only acidic solutions pH=2 for example a solubility of salt A in a solution that already has salt B dissolved in it will - decrease if salt B contains an ion that is common to salt A if phosphoric acid is H3PO4 then what is the formula for phosphorus acid? - H3PO3 -ous always one less Oxygen then -ic PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 N2+ 3H2<-----> 2NH3 if the volume of the container were suddenly doubled, which would be observed? - moles of H2 would increase since increase in volume will shift towards side with more moles of gas diatomics - H2, N2, O2,F2,Cl2,Br2,I2 the rate law for a particular reaction is Rate=K[A]^2[B]. if the particular run of this reaction, the concentration of A were doubled over what it had been in the previous run, while the concentration of B were halved, what would be the effect on the rate? - the rate would double the mass spectrometer can be used to - separate isotopes the law of multiple proportions is illustrated by which pairs of compounds? - Na2O/NaOH same element but different ratios a o.1 M NaCl solution would have a pH of - 7 PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 what type of radiation would be attracted to a positively charged electrode? - beta what property rises to a maximum around the middle of a period and then falls off to a minimum value at the end of the period (excluding the first period). - density when water is saturated with the gaseous product formed from the Haber-Bosch process (in this case NH3), what would be the resulting pH of the solution? - 12 when in aqueous solution, ammonia acts as a WEAK BASE, since it accepts protons from water, which increases OH- concentration and gives pH a significantly great pH then 7. what type of reaction will most likely produce water and a salt? - neutralization example hcl(aq)+NaOH(aq)--> H2O(l)+NaCl(aq) PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 the boiling point of n-octane is 126 degrees C. what is the expected boiling point of n-nonane? - 146-156 degrees C the boiling point increases with molecular weight by approx. 20-30 degrees for each additional carbon. how to choose an example of a synthesis reaction - a synthesis reaction is a chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a more COMPLEX substance. SO3(g) +H2O(l)--> H2SO4(aq) the nucleic acid that carries amino acids to ribosomes is - transfer RNA during protein biosynthesis, transfer RNA transports appropriate amino acid dictated by genetic code to the ribosome for peptide bond formation. a sample of neutral argon is at certain temp and pressure. if the pressure is decreased enough to cause sublimation, the sample is now a - gas PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 sublimation-solid to vapor without passing through liquid phase. which class of organic molecules has neither nucleophilic nor electrophilic centers? - straight-chaned alkanes alkenes,alkynes, aromatics represent high electron density and there for neucleophillic centers. ethanol C2H6O has a higher molar heat of vaporation then n-butyl chloride C4H9Cl because - ethanol has stronger intermolecular forces. ethanol has more hydrogen bonds which leads to higher intermolecular forces. chemical structure of a cholesterol - a bunch of octagons with oh and double bonded c=o. fatty acid-skeleton chain with lots of hydrogen PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 carbon can form 4 covalent bonds! the solubility product Ksp for AgCl in waer is 1.7x10^-10. what is the solubility in moles per liter of AgCl? - solubility is defined as the number of moles of substance per liter of solution. to find the solubility ksp=[Ag+][Cl-]=x^2 therefore the answer s √1.7x10^-10 (symbol is a square root) what compound is the product of the reaction butene with H2 and nickel catalyst - butane this is hydrogenation, where hydrogen becomes added across the double bond of butene to form butane. the NNN bond angle in the azide ion (N3-) is - about 180 degrees linear PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 what is the correct nomenclature for ClO2^- - chlorite ion what is the reverse reaction an example of glucose+fructose-->sucrose+water - hydrolysis-the separation of water as one molecule of water is separated and incorporated into two carbohydrates. the OH- will go to one carbohydrate, and the H+ will go to another carbohydrate. an arrow in a chemical bond structure such as N-->O denotes the presence of which chemical bond? - coordinate covalent bond both electrons of the bond are contributed by one of the two bonded atoms-also known as dative bond if the addition of more solute in the crystalline form causes the formation of additional crystals in a solution, the solution must be - supersaturated PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 these solutions contain more dissolved solutes then the solvent would dissolve under normal conditions. only in a supersaturated solution, would the addition of more solute form precipitate of previously dissolved solute. what is the molar solubility of MgCO3 in water at 25 degrees C given the solubility constant ksp=4x10^-8 - 2x10^-4 as we saw previously, you just take the square root of the value. deoxyribonucleotides are formed from ribonucleotides the the replacement of which molecule? - OH requires the reduction of the hydroxyl group on the c-2 position of the ribose ring. it then results in the removal of the hydroxyl group and replacement with a hydrogen atom. the actual mass of an atomic nucleus is slightly less then the total mass of the individual protons and neutrons. what is the difference in mass called? - mass defect