PCHA TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED!!., Exams of Nursing

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PCHA TEST

QUESTIONS &

ANSWERS

ALREADY

PASSED!!

Evatee 6 /26/24 PCHA

PCHA TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

ALREADY PASSED!!

Lewy Body Dementia:Lewy bodies are abnormal protein deposits that can develop in the brain, leading to fluctuating cognitive impairments, visual hallucinations, and motor symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease. Answer - Lewy bodies are abnormal protein deposits that can develop in the brain, leading to fluctuating cognitive impairments, visual hallucinations, and motor symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease What is the difference between a drug and medication? Answer - A DRUG is defined as a substance that is considered a narcotic, hallucinogen or a stimulant Remember a MEDICINE is a preparation used to treat or prevent a disease What are the three components of a doctors order? Answer - Medication, route, and frequency

What is the most common and cost effective route of medication administration? Answer - The oral route Ophthalmic medication Answer - -Drops, ointments, or creams placed on or around the eye. -tilt head back and towards eye getting gtts, prevents drops getting into the tear duck -pt to look up and away to prevent top of dropper touching eye. Otic medication Answer - -Drops, ointments, or creams placed on or around the ear. -Tilt head to affected area and upward What are the routes of medication administration? Answer - Oral, Ophthalmic, Otic, inhalation, nasal, topical, and injectable Trade vs Generic drug name? Answer - -Trade: developed, tested, and accepted by pharmaceutical company. -Generic: Names assigned by the United States adopted names council. -The BIG name, most common name is printed on the bottle is considered the trade name. Is Tylenol a trade or generic name? Answer - Trade name, acetaminophen is the generic name. Is Atorvastatin a trade or generic? Answer - Generic name, Crestor is the trade name

What is the difference between labeled use and off-label use? Answer - Labeled use- medications are being used for what the FDA approved it for. Ex: Tylenol being used for pain. Off-labeled use- medications are being used for what the FDA DID NOT approve for. Ex: Antidepressant being used for pain. What are 4 documentation requirements of the PCH? Answer - 1. Documentation of receipt of controlled substances and prescription medications

2. A process to investigate and account for missing medications and medication errors
3. Limited access to medication storage areas (med carts)
4. Documentation of the administration of prescription medications and OTC medications (this does not apply to the resident who self administers medications and stores them in their room) (EMAR) What are 5 elements a label should include? Answer - -The residents name -The name of the medication -The date the prescription was issued -The dose and instructions for administration -The name and title of the prescriber Hw should medications of different route be stored? Answer - In separate areas in the medication cart What is the medication cycle? Answer - -Observation

-Report changes -Communication w/ HC givers -RECORD AND STORE MEDICATION -ADMINISTRATION AND DOCUMENTATION -Observation Name and describe the different precautions Answer - -Standard/universal precautions - assumes that all residents are infected whether they are or not. -Contact precautions - used for infections that are transmitted by direct resident contact or contact with items in the resident environment. (scabies, c- diff, VRE and MRSA in a wound, UTI's) -Droplet precautions - used for infections that are transmitted from coughing, sneezing, and talking or contact with the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth of an infected resident, 3 feet of an infected resident(influenza, MRSA and VRE in the lungs, upper respiratory infections) -Airborne precautions - used for infections that are transmitted by air currents and that can be inhaled, always wearing a mask during resident care (tuberculosis, chickenpox, measles) -all require uses hand washing, wearing gloves, gown, mask. Who can determine whether a pt is able to self administer medications and what is the process. Answer - -Physician, NP, or PA -Be able to recognize and distinguish the medications needed -Know how much medication to take -Know when medication is to be taken What are the 8 rights of med admin? Answer - -THE RIGHT RESIDENT

-THE RIGHT MEDICATION

-THE RIGHT DOSE

-THE RIGHT TIME

-THE RIGHT ROUTE

-Right client education -Right to refuse -Right assessment -Right evaluation When is the rule of 3 checks preformed? Answer - 1. when you pull the medication

2. when you pour the medication
3. when you recap the medication What is required to be done if a medication is refused? Answer - Document in the medical record and the prescriber must be notified within 24 hours. Education resident and kept record of refusal and education. ADLs Answer - Activity of Daily Living -eating, drinking, ambulating, transferring in and out of bed or chair, toileting, bladder and bowel management, personal hygiene , securing healthcare, managing health care , self administration of medications and proper positioning in bed or chair legal entity Answer - a person, society , corporation, governing authority or partnership legally responsible for the administration and operation of a Personal Care Home

IADL Answer - Instrumental Activity of Daily Living- • Includes the following activities when done on behalf of the resident:

• Laundry and using a prosthetic device
• Shopping and obtaining and keeping clean clothing
• Securing and using transportation
• Managing finances
• Using a phone and making and keeping appointments
• Caring for personal possessions
• Engaging in social and leisure activities -When resident's are present in home, what must be the temp of the common areas? -What is the average room temp? Answer - -70 degrees -68-74 degrees To what degree are protective guards or insulation used to prevent resident from coming in contact with the heat source? Answer - 120 degrees and more If PCH does not have public what, what test must be performed and how often? Answer - coliform water test at least every three months stating that the water is below maximum contaminant levels. Ventilation PA Code 2600.86 states what? Answer - All areas of the home that are used by the resident shall be ventilated.

• This includes an operable window with safety screens, air conditioner, fan or mechanical ventilation that ensures airflow
• All bathrooms that do not have an operable outside window must be equipped with an exhaust fan for ventilation To be deemed depressed, how many symptoms must be present? Answer - five or more Alzheimer's disease Answer - the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the brain, leading to memory loss, confusion, and a decline in thinking and reasoning abilities./ Vascular Dementia Answer - This type of dementia results from impaired blood flow to the brain, often due to strokes or small blood vessel disease. Lewy Bodies Dementia Answer - Abnormal protein deposits that can develop in the brain, leading to fluctuating cognitive impairments, visual hallucinations, and motor symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease Frontotemporal Dementia Answer - This disorder primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, leading to changes in personality, behavior, and language. It can cause inappropriate social conduct and language difficulties. Campylobacter Bacteria Answer - -Sticky, bloody, 2-5 days after ingestion -Commonly found in undercooked

poultry and other meat, raw milk and untreated water. E Coli Answer - Causes severe bloody diarrhea, painful abdominal cramps, not much fever, nausea, malaise Calicivirus Answer - -stomach "flu" -Contaminated shellfish or water -Likely spreads from infected person to person: virus on hands of food service worker Staphylococcus aureus Answer - -This bacterium produces a toxin that causes vomiting shortly after being ingested. (30 minutes to six hours) Clostridium botulinum Answer - -produces a deadly paralytic toxin which causes botulism, a life threatening illness that can prevent the breathing muscles from moving air in and out of the lungs. Listeria Answer - Listeria and Yersinia enterocolitica bacteria grow at refrigerator temps! What is the danger zone of temperature for heating food? Answer - 40- Safest way thaw food? Answer - Safe thaw methods are*

1. In the refrigerator

2. Under cold running water
3. In the microwave How far off the floor should food be stored? Answer - Store food off the floor - at least six inches What are the Regulations for cleaning and sanitizing? What kind of materials should be use or not used when cooking or prepping? Answer - nonporous material and cleaned and sanitized after each meal. -Cleaned and sanitized is a 2 step process: 1.Wipe debris and residue with water or soap and water. 2. Wipe the entire surface with a sanitizing agent (such as one part bleach and 10 parts water or correctly mixed sanitizing solution What are the regulations for emergency food supply? Answer - The home shall maintain at least a 3-day supply of nonperishable food and drinking water for residents. -Estimate 1 gallon of water per resident per day. -Have a written Emergency/Disaster Plan. What is required in the state of PA related to the dietary department. Answer - Required: The Pennsylvania Dept of Agriculture (PDA) requires food service operations to have at least one employee who holds a "nationally recognized food safety manager certification" such as ServSafe®/HACCP. -A certified person (Dietary manager) must be available during all hours of the operation. Check your local regulations. All leftovers or other prepared stored

foods must be in clean, safe containers plus 3 other requirements. Answer - 1. Cover

2. Label
3. Date 4.Milk used in food prep or served must be: Answer - Pasteurized, Canned or Powdered CODE 2800.42 Answer - A resident may not be discriminated against because of race, color, religious creed, ancestry, sexual orientation, national origin, age or sex. Every resident has the right to reside and be treated in a setting which provides and promotes physical and phycological dignity They have a right to visitors, right to letters, use the telephone, right to information that is provided in the means that they can understand, and they have a right to an attorney What are the five generations? Answer - The Traditionalist (1901 - 1942) Baby Boomers (1946 - 1964) Generation X (1965 - 1980) Generation Y (1981 - 1995) The Millenials (1996 - present) 2600.21 - OFFSITE SERVICES: Answer - • If services or activities are provided by the home of a location other than the premises, the home shall ensure that the residents' support plans are followed and that resident health and safety needs are met.

2600.23 - ACTIVITIES: Answer - (a) A home shall provide each resident with assistance with ADLs as indicated in the resident's assessment and support plan. (b) A home shall provide each resident with assistance with IADLs as indicated in the resident's assessment and support plan.