PCU Exam 70 Questions and Answers 2023/2024 Latest Update Rated A+, Exams of Nursing

Download PCU Exam 70 Questions and Answers 2023/2024 Latest Update Rated A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! PCU EXAM 70QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE RATED A+ what are normal ABG values? - CORRECT ANSWERS pH: acidic 7.35-7.45 basic CO2: basic 35-45 acidic HCO3-: acidic 22-26 basic normal paO2 - CORRECT ANSWERS 80-100 mmHg what pH levels are lethal? - CORRECT ANSWERS outside 6.8-7.8 where are ABGs drawn from? what test is done to ensure adequate blood flow? - CORRECT ANSWERS peripheral artery; allen's test for radial artery How do the kidneys help maintain acid-base balance? - CORRECT ANSWERS retain/excrete basic HCO3 and retain/excrete acidic H+ treatments for respiratory acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS -oxygen -intubation -bronchodilators -drug reversal agents -incentive spirometer -suction PCU EXAM 70QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE RATED A+ treatments for respiratory alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS -breathing into paper bag -anxiolytics -analgesics -reduce fever -reduce ventilation -return to normal altitude treatments for metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS -IV sodium bicarbonate -manage blood sugar -antibiotics -reversal for OD -anti-diarrheal agents -dialysis -encourage respirations/ventilate treatments for metabolic alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS -antiemetics -stop suctioning -d/c drugs causing acid loss (diuretics, antacids) -hydrochloric acid (rare) PCU EXAM 70QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE RATED A+ which medications for HF interrupts RAAS activation to block vasoconstriction and ADH? - CORRECT ANSWERS ace inhibitors (ACE-I), angiotension receptor blockers (ARBs), ARNI what 3 things occur in diastolic HF? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. pulmonary congestion 2. pulmonary edema 3. decreased O2 sats what are treatments for diastolic HF & why? - CORRECT ANSWERS -beta blockers to slow HR -ACE-I & ARBs to manage preload + afterload -diuretics (use less than systolic HF, need to maintain adequate preload for filling) stages of kidney failure - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. creatinine 1.5-1.9, UO < 0.5ml/kg/hr or 6-12 hrs 2. creatinine 2.0-2.9, UO < 0.5ml/kg/hr for 12+ hrs 3. creatinine 4.0 OR 3x baseline, UO < 0.3ml/kg/hr 24+ hours types of kidney dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWERS prerenal: BUN:Cr ratio > 20:1 (BUN >>> Cr) caused by hypotension, HF intrarenal: BUN:Cr ratio > 10:1 direct hit to the kidneys by medications, contrast, diuretics, heavy metals, acute tubular necrosis PCU EXAM 70QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE RATED A+ postrenal: prostate cancer, kidney stones, BPH what lab values indicate liver failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS elevated ALT 5- 40 & AST 7-56, alkaline phoshatase, serum ammonia, bilirubin decrease albumin, sodium, potassium elevated PT and INR STEMI vs NSTEMI vs UA - CORRECT ANSWERS STEMI - ST elevation, positive biomarkers, full occlusion NSTEMI - ST depression, partial occlusion, positive biomarkers UA - ST depression, normal biomarkers non-surgical treatment for STEMI & NSTEMI; surgical treatment for STEMI - CORRECT ANSWERS -aspirin -nitroglycerin, morphine -O2 -anticoagulation/heparin -P2Y12 inhibitor (plavix, brilinta) -angiomax (thrombin inhibitor) -glycoprotein receptor agonist -beta blocker, ACEI or ARB PCU EXAM 70QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE RATED A+ -fibrinolytic agents (STEMI ONLY) -emergent PCI (STEMI), elective PCI (UA/NSTEMI) -CABG when are fibrinolytic agents used? - CORRECT ANSWERS in the presence of STEMI, with symptom onset within 12 hours what is the preferred reperfusion strategy for STEMI? - CORRECT ANSWERS PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) occlusion of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) results in what types of MI? - CORRECT ANSWERS anterior, septal, and lateral occlusion of the posterior descending artery results in what type of STEMI? - CORRECT ANSWERS posterior STEMI an anterior wall MI affects which leads and involves which vessel is involved? - CORRECT ANSWERS V3 & V4; LAD + diagonal LAD branch a septal wall MI affects which leads and involves which vessel is involved? - CORRECT ANSWERS V1 & V2; septal branch of LAD PCU EXAM 70QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE RATED A+ what is the purpose of a chest tube? - CORRECT ANSWERS withdraw and drain fluid or air from the pleural space, or for lung re-expansion following pneumothorax, trauma, surgery 3 parts of a chest tube - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. drainage chamber - measure fluid accumulation 2. water seal chamber - one way valve for fluid to escape; bubbling indicates leak or air escape 3. suction control chamber - regulates negative pressure where on the chest tube should you check for leaks? - CORRECT ANSWERS water seal chamber how do you know the chest tube is working effectively? - CORRECT ANSWERS appropriate drainage, no leaks or kinks, return of breath sounds and lung expansion what do you do if there is a possible occlusion in the chest tube? - CORRECT ANSWERS milk the tube where is bubbling on the chest tube expected if connected to wall suction? - CORRECT ANSWERS suction control chamber antihypertensive of choice for CVA - CORRECT ANSWERS labetalol PCU EXAM 70QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE RATED A+ what are signs of a GI bleed? - CORRECT ANSWERS -bright red or coffee ground emesis -black tarry stools with or without blood clots -elevated BUN (not Cr) -dropping H&H -hyperactive BS+ what is the most common cause of a GI bleed? - CORRECT ANSWERS peptic ulcer disease + esophageal varices what are some acute interventions for GI bleed? 3 advanced interventions? - CORRECT ANSWERS -O2 or intubation -IV fluids -blood transfusion -NG tube -sclerotherapy -banding -balloon tamponade what is the threshold for blood transfusion? - CORRECT ANSWERS Hgb 7 PCU EXAM 70QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE RATED A+ signs/symptoms of stroke - CORRECT ANSWERS -intense headache -sudden weakness or numbness, esp unilateral -loss of vision -loss of speech or difficulty understanding -trouble walking, loss of balance or coordination what are symptoms more typical in hemorrhagic stroke? - CORRECT ANSWERS headache, IICP, decreased LOC, seizures R vs L sided stroke - CORRECT ANSWERS R - impulsive, left weakness/sensory loss, right gaze preference L - aphasia, right weakness/sensory loss, left gaze preference what are interventions for ischemic stroke? - CORRECT ANSWERS administer tPA, give fluids to induce HTN, O2 what are interventions for hemorrhagic stroke? - CORRECT ANSWERS anticipate intubation, manage BP, monitor ICP in ICU, surgical intervention, elevate HOB, mannitol what is the assessment tool for alcohol withdrawal? - CORRECT ANSWERS CIWA