Pediatric Chest & Abdomen Radiography: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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Pediatric Chest & Abdomen

Parents should never be in the radiographic room with the child. - correct answer ✔False Which is the most important factor to achieve a successful pediatric radiographic procedure? a) Technologist's attitude towards child b) Technologist's approach to the child c) Technical preparation of the room d) All of the above - correct answer ✔d) All of the above Which term describes the space between the primary and secondary growth centers? a) Epiphysis b) Diaphysis c) Epiphyseal plate d) Epiphyseal line - correct answer ✔c) Epiphyseal plate The technologist is responsible for reporting potential signs of child abuse to the police. - correct answer ✔False The technologist should always use as short an exposure time as possible during pediatric procedures. - correct answer ✔True Clothing, bandages, and diapers generally do not need to be removed from the regions being radiographed on pediatric patients since they do not cause artifacts if metallic fasteners are not present. - correct answer ✔False

If available, the Pigg-o-stat should be used rather than relying on parental assistance during a pediatric chest exam. - correct answer ✔True A well-inspired erect chest radiograph taken on a pediatric patient will visualize only 6-7 ribs above the diaphragm. - correct answer ✔False Children more than five years old can usually hold their breath after a practice session. - correct answer ✔True The chest and abdomen of a newborn are generally almost equal in circumference. - correct answer ✔True A technologist's attitude is one of the more important factors in making a pediatric procedure a success. - correct answer ✔True Fear and combative resistance from a young child are common initial responses to a radiographic procedure. - correct answer ✔True The technologist is the one who should make the decision whether a parent remains in the radiographic room during a procedure. - correct answer ✔True It is the responsibility of the technologist to make the determination if child abuse has occurred and then report it to law enforcement. - correct answer ✔False Which of the following terms is commonly applied in describing child abuse? a) Battered child syndrome (BCS)

b) Pediatric intentional trauma (PIT) c) Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) d) Suspected child abuse (SCA) - correct answer ✔c) Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) Which of the following factors should be the first consideration in controlling motion for the pediatric patient? a) Parent holding child b) Sandbags and tape c) High kV techniques d) Short exposure time - correct answer ✔d) Short exposure time Which of the following immobilization devices is recommended for an erect abdomen projection on an 18-month-old patient? a) Pigg-O-Stat b) Tam-em Board c) Plexiglas hold-down paddle d) Parent/guardian holding - correct answer ✔a) Pigg-O-Stat The Pigg-O-Stat can be employed for pediatric skull procedures. - correct answer ✔False The neonate is defined as a child between 1 and 3 months of age. - correct answer ✔False Female caregivers of childbearing age should never be allowed to stay in the room to assist with the procedure. - correct answer ✔False

Which of the following pathologies is best demonstrated with a radiographic chest procedure? a) Cystic fibrosis b) Wilms' tumor c) Celiac disease d) Crohn's disease - correct answer ✔a) Cystic fibrosis Which of the following pathologic indications requires a significant decrease (up to 50%) of manual exposure factors? a) Osteomalacia (rickets) b) Osteogenesis imperfecta c) Talipes equinus d) Osteochondrosis - correct answer ✔b) Osteogenesis imperfecta A bowel obstruction caused by an accumulation of fluid in the bowel of a full- term fetus is termed:

1. necrotizing enterocolitis.
2. meconium ileus.
3. intussusception.
4. appendicitis. - correct answer ✔4) appendicitis Which projection and/or position of the abdomen is recommended for demonstrating the prevertebral region of the abdomen? a) AP supine b) AP erect c) Dorsal decubitus d) Left lateral decubitus - correct answer ✔c) Dorsal decubitus

Neonate hypothyroidism with slowed bone growth or possible dwarfism - correct answer ✔Cretinism An emergency type of condition in newborns in which the alveoli and capillaries of the lungs are injured or infected, creating leakage of fluid into the alveoli; demonstrated radiographically by granular pattern of increased densities - correct answer ✔Hyaline membrane disease A condition of irreversible widening (dilation of the bronchi); frequently begins in early childhood (may require a slight increase in exposure factors) - correct answer ✔Bronchiectasis A condition of labored breathing and harsh dry cough caused by viral infection (most common in children ages 1 to 3 years) - correct answer ✔Croup A condition of partial or complete collapse of a lung caused by an obstruction of the bronchus - correct answer ✔Atelectasis An inherited disease with progressive heavy mucus blocking the bronchi; demonstrated by increased radiodensities in specific lung regions - correct answer ✔Cystic fibrosis 18 month old Jimmy Hall reports to the department for a 2 view chest x-ray exam. The patient is placed into a Pigg-o-stat to help hold the child still. Where should the central ray (CR) should be directed on the PA? a) the mammillary line b) 2 inches (5 cm) above the umbilicus c) 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the mammillary line

d) 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the jugular notch - correct answer ✔a) the mammillary line How can you best minimize radiation dose to a pediatric patient?

1. Low mA and long exposure time
2. Parental shielding
3. Proper immobilization a) 2 and 3 only b) 1 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 3 only - correct answer ✔d) 3 only Which body parts can be imaged on pediatric patients using the Pigg-o-stat immobilization device?
4. Skull
5. Chest
6. Abdomen a) 2 and 3 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2 and 3 - correct answer ✔a) 2 and 3 only What is the recommended minimum SID for a KUB x-ray on an infant? a) 40" b) 50-60" c) 72" d) 60-72" - correct answer ✔a) 40"

9 year old female Kaylee Morfin is in the department for an acute abdominal series. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the erect abdomen? a) The CR should be centered at the level of the umbilicus. b) The patient should be shielded. c) The exposure should be made on inspiration. d) The CR should be centered 1"-2" above the iliac crest. - correct answer ✔d) The CR should be centered 1"-2" above iliac crest You are performing an erect abdomen on a 9 month old child in the Pigg-o- stat. The child is very unhappy about being in the Pigg-o-stat and is crying. When should you make your exposure? a) At the beginning of a cry, when the patient has just started crying again. b) While the child is crying. c) It is not necessary to wait for a specific time; take the x-ray once the patient is positioned. d) At the end of a cry, when the abdomen is still. - correct answer ✔d) At the end of a cry, when the abdomen is still Which of the following are ways radiographers can control for VOLUNTARY motion?

1. Apply immobilization
2. Use a low mA and long exposure time
3. Use good communication to give clear instructions a) 2 only b) 1, 2 and 3 c) 1 only d) 1 and 3 only - correct answer ✔d) 1 and 3 only

In order to achieve a successful pediatric radiographic exam, which of the following are important factors to consider?

1. Technologist's approach to the child
2. Technical preparation of the room
3. Technologist's attitude towards the child a) 2 and 3 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 1, 2 and 3 d) 1 and 3 only - correct answer ✔c) 1, 2 and 3 Which of the following must be included on a supine abdomen radiograph of a child?
4. Pubic symphysis
5. Hilar regions
6. Diaphragms a) 1 only b) 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 2 and 3 only - correct answer ✔c) 1 and 3 only How many posterior ribs should be visualized above the diaphragm on a pediatric patient when performing an AP or PA chest on full inspiration? a) 7- b) 8- c) 10 or more d) 9-10 - correct answer ✔d) 9-

Which is the most important factor to achieve a successful pediatric radiographic procedure? a) All of the above b) Technologist's attitude towards child c) Technical preparation of the room d) Technologist's approach to the child - correct answer ✔a) All of the above