Pediatric Dentistry - Pediatric Dentistry, Exams of Pediatrics

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Pediatric Dentistry

Pediatric Dentistry - the specialized area of dentistry limited to the care of children from birth to adolescence, with additional focus on providing oral health care to patients with special needs. Pediatric dentists continue their education for 2-3 additional years after dental school. open bay concept - several dental chairs are arranged in one large area. chronologic age - childs actual age in terms of years and months. mental age - refers to the child's level of intellectual capacity and development emotional age - describes the child's level of emotional maturity. learning basic trust - erikson's stage of development. from infancy through first year of life. if nurtured then develops trust, security, and optimism. if handled badly then becomes insecure and mistrustful. learning autonomy - erikson's stage of development. 1-2 years. around 2 years children have basic fears such as separation from the parents and related fears of strangers. 2 years and younger parents should remain with the child during the initial exam. play age -

erikson's stage of development 3-5 years. the child has developed autonomy and initiative. this child requires control and structure in the environment. allow the child to have choices(flavor of prophy paste or fluoride). school age - erickson's stage of development. 6-11. this is the period of socialization which involves learning to get along with people, learning the rules and regulations of society, and learning to accept these social requirements. adolescence - erikson's stage of development. 12-20 years. acquire self-certainty. experiment with different tools. clear sexual identity is established. will seek leadership. will gradually develop a set of ideals. frankl scale - patient behavior rating (1-4) 1 Frankl Scale - definitely negative. refusal of treatment, crying forcefully, fearful, extreme negativity. 2 frankl scale - negative. reluctance of treatment. uncooperative, some negative attitude, can convince to treat. 3 frankl scale - positive. acceptance of treatment. cautious at times, willingness to comply with some reservation. follows directions. cooperative but somewhat shy. 4 frankl scale - definitely positive. good rapport with staff. interested in procedures. laughing and enjoying situation. development of trust -

be honest with the child. consider the child's point of view. always tell, show, and do. give positive reinforcement. voice control - speaking calmly but firmly restraint - can be physical or pharmacologic. to help keep a patient's movement or activity to a minimum. mild sedation - nitrous oxide or a sedative. benefits an anxious child. physical restraint - dentist or assistant/hygienist holding a child's hand during treatment. papoose board - device that gently hugs the child during a dental procedure. first dental appointment - 1 year of age. introduce child to dentist and surroundings. regular exams - age 2. aapd - american academy of pediatric dentistry. recommends radiographic examination every 6 months for children with a high risk for tooth decay. preventive orthodontics -

allows dentist to prevent or eliminate irregularities and malpositions in the developing dentofacial region. includes: prevent premature loss of primary teeth space maintainer to save space correct oral habits with appliance early detection of genetic and congenital anomalies supervision of the natural exfoliation of primary teeth interceptive orthodontics - allows the dentist to intercede or correct problems as they develop. includes: extraction of primary teeth correction of cross bite correction of a jaw size discrepancy two most common factors that affect pulpal health - deep caries and traumatic injury indirect and direct pulp capping - indicated for newly erupted permanent tooth to promote pulpal healing and stimulate the production of reparative dentin. pulpotomy - the complete removal of the coronal portion of the dental pulp. stainless steel crown - can be prepared and placed in a single appointment. durable. well tolerated by gingiva. less expensive. delay treatment for fractured anterior tooth - 3-6 weeks

calcium hydroxide - the exposed dentin of a fractured anterior tooth is covered with this to prevent thermal sensitivity traumatic intrusion - tooth is forcibly driven into the alveolus. treatment: allow tooth to re-erupt. endodontic treatment later, if needed. extrusion/lateral luxation - occur when the teeth are displaced from their position. treatment: dds repositions the displaced teeth as soon as possible and splints teeth. endodontic treatment later if needed. avulsed teeth - teeth are completely forcibly removed from the alveolus. signs of child abuse - -injuries in various stages of healing -repeat injuries -chipped or injured teeth -scars inside the lips or on the tongue -tears of labial frena -battering or other injuries around the head and neck -facial bruising, swelling, blackened eyes -fractured nose -bite marks -injuries not consistent with the explanation presented by the parent/guardian. panda - prevent abuse and neglect through dental awarness.