PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Exams of Dentistry

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Pediatric Dentistry

most prevalent chronic disease of children - caries cause of baby bottle tooth decay - frequent, prolonged exposure to drinks with sugar time of childs first dental visit - 1 years old or when first tooth appears emphasis of pedodontics - prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment pediatric dental assistant DAII functions - coronal polishing, sealants, preliminary impressions, fluoride treatment, radiographs neonatal teeth - infant born with teeth or develop within first month of birth types of patient age - chronological, mental, emotional chronological age - actual age in terms of years and months mental age - intellectual capacity and development

emotional age - emotional maturity managing behavior - honesty, distractions, tell/show/do, positive reinforcement, voice control, papoose board new term for mental retardation - intellectually chanllenged 4 groups of intellectual impairment - mild, moderate, severe, profound IQ - intelligence quotient, assesses intelligence and predictors of educational achievement or special needs Mild mental retardation - IQ 50-70, may be hard to distinguish in early childhood moderate mental retardation - IQ 35-55, can take care of themselves with some supervision, 2nd grade learning level severe mental retardation - IQ 20-40, poor motor development profound mental retardation - IQ below 20-25, institutionalized, minimal capacity for sensory/motor function

down syndrome physical characteristics - flattened back of head, depressed bridge of nose, reduced muscle tone & strength down syndrome dental concerns - abnormal tooth development (small & peg like), delayed eruption, malocclusion, no room for tongue cerebral plasy - damage of the CNS, motor center malfunctions, paralysis, seizure disorders, mental retardation spaciticy - cerebral palsy classification, increased muscle tension, manifests as exaggerated stretch reflex athetosis - cerebral palsy classification, uncontrollable, involuntary & poorly coordinated movements Autism - affects brain's development of social & communication skills, usually fear dentist due to sights & sounds Frankl scale for pedo patient behavior - explains how pedo patients interact during dental treatment Frankl scale rating #1 - definitely negative, refusal of treatment, crying forcefully, fearful frankl scale rating #2 - negative, reluctance, some negative attitude not pronounced

frankl scale rating #3 - positive, acceptance, curious, willingness to comply, follows directions frankl scale rating #4 - definitely positive, good rapport, interested in treatment behavior management techniques - HOME, pinch nose, hand holding, mild sedation, general anesthesia HOME behavioral technique - hand over mouth enforcement major goals of pediatric dentistry - education & prevention, management of dental disease & trauma pulpotomy - "baby root canal" removal of coronal portion of pulpal tissue indirect pulp cap - pulp not yet exposed, place medicament & temporary filling for monitoring direct pulp cap - exposure of pulp, use calcium hydroxide formocreosol - bactericidal agent placed in pulp chamber to reduce hemorrhaging stainless steel crown - semipermanent restoration for both primary & permanent teeth

indications for SSC - extensive caries, temporary restoration of fractured tooth, hypocalcified teeth, primary abutment for space mainteiner Avulsed tooth - tooth completely dislodged from the mouth What to do with avulsed tooth - replace in socket immediately, do not touch by root, or place in milk, saliva, saline or save-a-tooth causes of oral burns - biting electric cords or mouth in contact with electrical outlet tooth/root fracture treatment - reposition and splint intrusion - tooth forcibly driven into alveolus Main types of child abuse - neglect, physical, psychological/emotional, sexual