Peds exam questions with answers all correctly tested and verified solutions, Exams of Nursing

Download Peds exam questions with answers all correctly tested and verified solutions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Peds exam questions with answers all correctly tested and

verified solutions

EXAM 1: MISSED QUESTIONS

What is the leading cause of death during the toddler period? A. Unintentional injuries A rash which begins on the trunk, does not spread to the face but has sandpaper like quality, describes which of the following communicable diseases? D. Scarlet fever Parents ask the nurse if there was something that should have been done during the pregnancy to prevent their child’s cleft lip. Which statement should the nurse give as a response? D. “The malformation occurs at approximately 6 weeks of gestation; there is no known way to prevent this.” According to Piaget, adolescents tend to be in what stage of cognitive development? A. Formal operational thought The nurse on a pediatric unit observes a distraught mother in a hallway scolding her 3-year-old son for wetting his pants. What initial action should the nurse take? C. Inform the mother that toilet training is slower for boys Which is a sex chromosome abnormally that is caused by the presence of one or more additional X chromosomes in a male? C. Klinefelter An 8-month-old infant is sitting contentedly on the mother’s lap. The nurse is preparing to perform a well-baby checkup. Which of the following steps should the nurse do first? B. Auscultate lung sounds Which of the following statements is true of X-linked recessive inheritance? D. Affected males have symptoms of the disorder Which immunizations should the nurse plan to administer to normal healthy children between the ages of 1 and 5 years? (SATA). B. Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP) C. Rotavirus (RV) D. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) Choose the prevention strategies that have significantly decreased fatalities for children. (Select all that apply.) A. Car restraint B. Bicycle helmets D. Smoke detectors Select the developmental milestones usually seen in children during the toddler stage (1-3 years). (Select all that apply.) C. Two-to-three word sentences D. Appears to be bowlegged and potbellied E. Temper tantrums are common

EXAM 2: MISSED QUESTIONS

Which of the following age range of children qualify to be included in Early Intervention programs? A. Birth- What is the best method to verify the placement of a nasogastric tube before each use? C. Aspiration of stomach contents An 8-month old child is seen in the peds clinic with Otitis Media w Effusion (OME). WHat is the best treatment

option for this child? D. Tympanostomy tubes The presence of which pair of factors is a good predictor of a fluid deficit of at least 5% in infant? B. Capillary refill of greater than 2 seconds and weight loss Following an upper respiratory tract infection, a 2 yr old child developed acute otitis media. Which factor places the child at an increased risk for developing acute otitis media> A. A child’s Eustachian tube is shorter and straighter than adults A 6 yr old child is admitted to the pediatric unit with pneumonia. Which of the following pathogens is the likely causative pathogen for the child’s pneumonia? B. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae A burn injury involving the entire epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, and varies in color from red to tan, waxy white, brown, or black describes which of the following? C. Full-thickness or third-degree burn Intervention for children identified with hearing loss is most essential to begin before what age for all children, to improve their language development? C. 6 months What are common respiratory symptoms dying children experience? (Select all that apply.) B. Apnea C. Wheezing D. Shortness of breath Which of the following legally allows a young adult the age of majority to be considered an emancipated minor, and allows them to give informed health care consent? (Select all that apply.) B. Military service D. Marriage E. High school graduation A 7 year old male is seen in peds ER with symptoms of anaphylactic shock due to a hypersensitivity reaction. Select the symptoms usually seen during anaphylaxis. (Select all that apply.) B. Bronchoconstriction D. Vasodilation A nurse in the TB clinic is preparing to teach a patient with active Tb about the medications. Which of the following medications will the patient need to take initially? (Select all that apply.) A. Rifampin C. Isoniazid D. Pyrazinamide E. Ethambutol EXAM 3: MISSED QUESTIONS An adolescent with diabetes is admitted to the ER for treatment of hyperglycemia and pneumonia. What are clinical manifestations of diabetic hyperglycemia? D. Increased appetite, fatigue, and thirst.

The nurse is assisting with application of a synthetic cast on a child with a fractured humerus. What is an advantage of a synthetic cast over a Paris cast? A. Lightweight and less bulky A 12 year old is being treated with Buck’s Traction. What are important nursing interventions for this client?

D. Verify that the skin traction maintains the extremity in an extended position The nurse prepares to administer pancreatic enzymes to an infant with cystic fibrosis. The best nursing action to administer the enzymes is which of the following? C. Increase the dose of pancreatic enzymes if infant is having frequent, bulky stools The pediatric nurse is assessing the vital signs of a 5-year-old with spina bifida occulta. WHat clinical manifestations of spina bifida occulta should the nurse expect to observe? D. Soft, subcutaneous lipomas A newborn female is diagnosed with Turner’s syndrome. What heart condition is Turner’s syndrome associated with? B. Coarctation of the aorta An 8-year-old girl is brought in by ambulance with a seizure which has been going on continually for 12 minutes. The paramedics have administered rectal diazepam at 5 minutes. This type of seizure is referred to as? C. Status Epilepticus The nurse is measuring the frontal occipital circumference (FOC) of a 3-month old infant, and notes that the FOC has increased 5 inches since birth and the child’s head appears large in relation to body size. Which action is most important for the nurse to take next? B. Palpate the anterior fontanel for tension and bulging The physician suggests that surgery be performed for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to revent which complication? C. Decreased workload on the left side of the heart A 4-year-old child seen in the ER has symptoms of Kawasaki Disease (KD). Of the symptoms listed below, which can potentially develop, and pose a high risk for children with KD? D. Coronary Artery Aneurysm An 11-year-old girl diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) asks her attending nurse why she can’t take a pill like her grandmother does rather than taking shots. Which of the following would be the nurse’s best reply? C. “Your body does not make insulin, so the insulin injection helps to replace it.” The x-rays of a 5 yr old seen in peds clinic shows multiple fractures. The Pediatric nurse suspects child physical abuse. Which of the following diagnoses should also be considered in a child with multiple fractures? A. Osteogenesis imperfecta Which of the following statements best describes Duchenne {pseudo-hypertrophic} muscular dystrophy (DMD)? (Select all that apply.) A. It has an X-linked inheritance pattern C. It is characterized by presence of the Gower sign D. Child exhibits a waddling gait, and lordosis An infant is diagnosed with pyloric stenosis (PS). Which of the following are clinical manifestations of PS? (Select all that apply.) B. Projectile vomiting C. Visible peristalsis E.

Failure to thrive A child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of meningitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform? Select all that apply. B. Administer intravenous antibiotics, as prescribed

C. Place the child on droplet isolation D. Raise the head of the bed E. Dim the lights in the room A 2 yr old child is on prednisone for minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MNS). Which of the following indicates the effectiveness of prednisone therapy? D. Diuresis occurs as urinary protein excretion diminishes A 5-yr-old male is diagnosed with diarrhea and mild dehydration. Which of the following oral rehydration solution (ORS) should be given by the nurse or parent to replace the stool losses? B. 150-250 mL / each stool The heart rate for a 3 year old with a congenital heart defect has steadily decreased over the last few hours. Now it’s 76 bpm, the previous reading 4 hours ago was 110 bpm. Which additional finding should be reported immediately to the primary health care provider? D. Blood pressure 70/ A 10-yr-old child is seen in the peds clinic with watery diarrhea for 2 days followed by bloody diarrhea. The Pediatric Nurse suspects the causative pathogen is which of the following? C. E. Coli A child, age 3 years, has cerebral palsy (CP) and is hospitalized for orthopedic surgery. His mother says he has difficulty swallowing and cannot hold a utensil to feed himself. He is slightly underweight for his height. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing action related to feeding Jason? B. Stabilize his jaw with caregiver’s hand to facilitate swallowing The nurse is preparing to admit a 7-year old child with Crohn’s Disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply). A. Pain is common D. Diarrhea is moderate to severe Pharmacologic therapy may be used to treat infants and children with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Which of the following drugs may be used? (Select all that apply). A. Zantac (Ranitidine) B. Tagamet (Cimetidine) E. Prilosec (Omeprazole) Which of the following are symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome? (Select all that apply). A. Weight gain B. Easy bruising D. Stretch marks The nurse is assessing an infant with intussusception. Which of the following clinical findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply). B. Palpable sausage shaped abdominal mass D. Stool mixed with blood and mucus Select the parts of the fetal circulation of the pediatric heart in the correct order, as blood flows from

the placenta to the fetus. B. Placenta-umbilical vein-ductus venosus-inferior vena cava-R atrium Blood carrying oxygen and nutritive materials from the placenta enters the fetal system through the umbilicus via the large umbilical vein. The blood then travels to the liver, where it divides. Part of the blood enters the portal and hepatic circulation of the liver, and the remainder travels directly to the IVC by way of ductus venosus.

A spica cast was put on a 7 month old with DDH to immobilize her hips and thighs. Which of the following is the priority nursing action immediately after cast application? D. Perform the neurovascular checks Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism? D. Tachycardia The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child who is 2 hours postop from a cardiac catheterization via the right femoral artery. Which assessment finding is an indication of arterial obstruction? B. Right foot is cool to the touch and appears pale and blanched HESI PEDIATRICS EXAM QUESTIONS: A school-age child with acute diarrhea and mild dehydration is being given oral rehydration solutions (ORS). The child's mother calls the clinic nurse because he is also occasionally vomiting. The nurse should recommend which of the following? ANS: Continue to give ORS frequently in small amounts. POSSIBLE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS: A 7-year-old child is in the end stages of cancer. The parents ask you how they will know when death is imminent. What physical sign is indicative of approaching death? D. Difficulty swallowing A common side effect of corticosteroid (prednisone) therapy for a 11 y.o. With a cancer diagnosis is which of the following? ANS: Large abdomen with striae — Additional questions:

A parent reports to the nurse that her child has inflamed conjunctivae of both eyes with

purulent drainage and crusting of the eyelids, especially on awakening. These manifestations

suggest:

Bacterial conjunctivitis.

A newborn’s assessment revealed a fused digit on the left hand. Which of the

following terms is used to define fused digits of the hands or feet?

Syndactyly

10 yr old male with Legg-Calve Perthes Disease is seen by the pediatrician. The student

nurse is aware that management of this disease includes which of the following?

Partial weight bearing on the

affected side Staging of the disease

process

Traction

A 10 year old child is admitted with a history of Crohn's disease. The child's plan of care

should include a diet did has which of the following component?

Increased calories

A nurse evaluates discharge teaching as successful when the parents of an infant with a

ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion identify which sign as signaling a blocked shunt?

Tense fontanel and increased head circumference

Which conditions/behavior manifested by an 11-month-old infant warrants for their evaluation?

Unable to pull to standing position

During the three month well child check up, the nurse expects the infant to respond to

sound and which manner?

Turns his head to side when sound is at ear level

Evidence-based practice in clinical management it's grounded in which of the

following? Research studies

An infant with an isolated cleft lip is admitted to pick you for pre-op care. Which

information should the nurse plan to discuss while educating the parents? Select all that

apply

Cleft palate repair occurs after 6 months of birth.

Use cheek support while feeding with special

nipples. The infant may be restrained after

surgery.

Multiple specialists will be assigned to infants care.

Select the developmental milestone usually seen in children during the preschool stage

(3 to 6 years). Select all that apply

Child learns to run, jump, skip

and hop. Ride a tricycle

Learns colors and shapes..

Fragile x syndrome is a condition which can affect a baby in utero. What might you expect

the appearance of the child with fragile x syndrome to be as he grows older?

Long, narrow face, large ears, macroorchidism.

Which of the following system I usually affected in children with cystic fibrosis. Select

all that apply. Reproductive

Respiratory

Integumentary

Select the strategies to discuss with parents that will usually help to prevent otitis media

with effusion in children. Select all that apply.

PCV

vaccine

Breastfeedin

g.

Preventing exposure to tobacco smoke

You have obtained assessment information about a 3-year-old who just returned to the pediatric

unit after having a tonsillectomy. Which finding requires the most immediate follow-up?

Select all that apply.

Frequent clearing of the

throat. Frequent

swallowing.

A 12-month-old with Kawasaki disease received IV immunoglobulin IVIG 2 months ago. The child

is in the clinic for follow-up and scheduled immunizations. Which vaccine should be delayed?

Select all that apply. Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)

Varicella.

A nurse is caring for a child who has type 1 diabetes. Which of the following is a clinical

manifestation of diabetic ketoacidosis? Select all that apply.

Dehydration.

Mental confussion

Fruity breath.

Which of the following statement is true of x-linked recessive

inheritance? Affected males have symptoms of the disorder.

Which of the following pain tool is most appropriate for use in a 10-year-old child with

sickle cell anemia, to outline and color the area of the child's pain?

APPT scale

A pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) in the peds clinic is assessing the reflexes of a 10-

month-old infant. Which of the following reflexes should usually not be seen in this age?

Palmar grasp

A 6-year-old male is diagnosed with a heart murmur accompanied by a thrill. They're nursing

student is aware that thrills with murmur are usually felt that which of the following grade?

IV

The nurse notes that a 12 month old infant who weighed 6.5 lb at birth now weighs 25

lb. What is the nurse's evaluation of the infant's current weight?

The child is consuming more calories than needed

Did newborns causes significantly shortened

lifespan? Patau Syndrome

What do morbidity statistics describe?

The prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time

What is a principle of palliative care that can be included in the care

of children? Focuses on symptoms control and support

A 4 week old infant is admitted to the pediatric unit with pneumonia which of the

following is likely causative pathogen for this child's pneumonia?

Chlamydia trachomatis.

The most commonly found pathogen that causes toxic shock syndrome in young women is

the following? Staphylococcus aureus

Hydrotherapy is used daily as a part of burn therapy to remove which of

the following? Eschar

A pediatric nurse is caring for a child who is terminally ill, and expect to die which is a

physical sign of approaching death?

Periods of apnea

A four-year-old girl presents to the ER with her father, she is having difficulty breathing and is

leaning

forward with her arms propped on a chair. She also has nasal flaring. She is drooling and

you can hear the pitched noise on inspiration. Her temperature is 39.1 °C. Which of the

following treatments should be administered immediately?

Securing of the airways and supplemental oxygen.

Which of the following is usually affected in cystic fibrosis, resolve thing in excess multi- Is

Difficult to clear

Exocrine gland

Of the statements below, what statement best represent infectious

mononucleosis? Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the principal cause

A four week old infant is admitted to the pediatric unit with pneumonia. Which of the

following pathogen is the likely causative pathogen for this child's pneumonia? Chlamydia

trachomatis.

A 14 month old client is admitted to the hospital with croup (laringotracheo bronchitis).

Which findings would the nurse expect to observe during assessment?

Barking cough and inspiratory strider

Which of the following toys are appropriate for a hospitalized

toddler child? Push pull toys,

telephones,

stuffed animal

What is the best method to verify the placement of a nasogastric tube

before each use? Aspiration of stomach contents