PEL EXAM STUDY SET QUESTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 WITH 100% DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWER, Exams of Health sciences

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PEL EXAM STUDY SET

QUESTIONS LATEST UPDATE

2024/2025 WITH 100%

DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS

Jean Piaget's cognitive developmental theory

• Children are born with a basic mental structure on which future learning and knowledge are based.
• A progressive reorganization of the basic mental structure through maturation and environmental experiences. What behavior is most frequently associated with ADHD difficulties with time management, forgetfulness, losing things, daydreaming, and organizational struggles Bloom's Taxonomy knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation Knowledge (Bloom's) recalling specific facts, names, dates, descriptions, definitions, principles, trends, criteria, and ways of organizing events comprehension in Bloom's taxonomy Demonstrate an UNDERSTANDING of the facts/text
• Student responses should show they can explain, summarize, or elaborate on the learned facts
• Translating and rephrasing what has been read/spoken (classify, explain, infer, predict, paraphrase, give examples)

application in Bloom's taxonomy Applying or TRANSFERRING knowledge to actual situations

• Requires students to apply the facts to a problem, context, or environment different from the one the information was learned
• Unable to rely on original context or content (change, demonstrate, illustrate, practice, use, show) analysis in Bloom's taxonomy Break down objects or ideas into simpler parts and find evidence to support generalizations
• Discover reasons behind info given
• Identify logical errors
• Differentiate among facts, opinions, assumptions
• Derive conclusions
• Make inferences/generalizations (support, distinguish, break down, differentiate, relate, compare, contrast, examine) synthesis in Bloom's taxonomy using old concepts to create new ideas, design and invention, composing, imagining and inferring, modifying, predicting and combining evaluation in Bloom's taxonomy assessing theories, comparison of ideas, evaluating outcomes, solving, judging, recommending and rating. kinesthetic learning a learning style in which the individual learns through completing physical activity or movement Most common mental health issue among adolescents? depression What can you do to support students with depression?

give specific supports to function effectively in the school enviornmet. develop classroom support plans. Stages of Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

• Describes the impact of social experience across a lifespan. trust v. mistrust autonomy v. shame & doubt initiative v. guilt industry v. inferiority identity v. role confusion intimacy v. isolation generativity v. stagnation integrity v. despair Trust v. Mistrust Stage 0 - 18 mo. according to Erikson, the period during which infants develop a sense of trust or mistrust, largely depending on how well their needs are met by their caregivers Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt toddler (18 mo- 2/3yrs) They assert their sense independence and do things on their own. If restrained or punished too harshly, they are likely to develop a sense of shame & doubt Initiative vs. Guilt 3 - 5 yrs. Erikson's third stage in which the child finds independence in planning, playing and other activities Industry vs. Inferiority 6 - 11yrs. social world expands. begin socially interacting more. form a strong self-concept identity vs. role confusion 12 - 18yrs. teens begin to identify themselves and may experiment with things. Intimacy vs. Isolation

19 - 40yrs. in which individuals form deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families generaitivity vs stagnation 40 - 60yrs. create and nurture things. integrity vs despair 65 - death. those near the end of life look back and evaluate their lives. social constructivism Theoretical perspective that focuses on people's collective efforts to impose meaning on the world. Cognitive Equilibrium (Piaget) a state of mental balance in which people are not confused because they can use their existing thought processes to understand current experiences and ideas Functional Contextualism every behavior can be explained in terms of the context it occurred in; thoughts and feelings do not cause other actions operant conditioning Learning based on the consequences of responding. through positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. classroom behavior strategies are designed to... encourage positive behaviors and prevent problem behaviors. it is important to communicate expectations to parents/guardians so they can provide support at home if needed. A student's cultural background is likely to have the greatest influence on? students perceptions of self and others cultural background plays a big role in social/emotional development what to do to support students new to the country.

• ensure staff make the student feel welcomed and accepted in every school setting.
• sensitize students to the potential challenges the student may face. how to promote multicultural sensitivity in the school. actively demonstrate to students that the school cares about culture and language that make them unique and valued individuals. One way to do this is to incorporate students cultures, races, ethnicities and languages into lessons. Culture the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next race A group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics. Ethnicity A social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race. What is the first tool used to identify if English learners may need language assistance? Home language survey After a home language survey what should be done? refer the student for an assessment of the students English proficiency ABC stands for Antecedent Behavior Consequences Functional Behavior Assessment a collection of different procedures of gathering information on antecedants, behaviors, and consequences in order to determine the factors that lead to maintaining problem behavior.

Behavior Intervention Plan plans developed to guide parents, teachers and other paraprofessionals on how to decrease inappropriate behvaiors and teach or increase replacement behaviors in all settings. Everyone who interacts with the individual should follow the plan trauma informed practice is most effective when.... providers and individuals explore the relationship between the trauma and specific behaviors, how the trauma affects the student, how it affects behaviors and how student functions. storming stage 2nd stage that occurs when team members experience conflicts about interpersonal issues and differences in perspectives. performing stage 4th stage of group development when the group is fully functional and works on group task forming stage 1st stage of group development in which people join the group and then define the group's purpose, structure, and leadership adjourning stage final stage that occurs when a team has completed its task and the team is disbanded. Suicide Risk Assessment Three elements:

• is there a specific plan with details
• how lethal is the proposed method.
• does the client have access to the proposed method. When the proposed method is available, the situation is more serious. role-playing teaches empathy and prompts them to see someone else's point of view General Systems Theory

theory that organizations are a system composed of many subsystems and embedded in larger systems, and that organizations should develop communication strategies that serve both according the the general systems theory, schools, as open systems, tend to function in which of the following ways? maintaining steady states through feedback processes. Murray Bowen's Family Systems Theory Conceptualizes the family as an interactive emotional unit. Family members: •Assume reciprocal family roles •Develop automatic communication patterns •React to each other in predictable, connected ways, particularly when family anxiety is high (for example, if one person is overly responsible, another may be less likely to assume normal responsibility) neglect failure of parent/caregiver to meet minimal standards for providing adequate supervision, food, clothing, medical care, shelter or other basic needs. Tier 3 Intervention student is provided with scientifically based instruction and specialized interventions intensively at an individual level or in a small group Tier 2 Intervention student is provided with scientifically based instruction regularly in a small group Tier 1 Intervention The whole class. Standards-aligned instruction, differentiated to meet student's needs and identify struggling learners who need support. what is the most intensive level of intervention? tier 3

What happens if tier 3 interventions are unsuccessful? Explore the possibility that the student may need special education support. Give student comprehensive evaluation. comprehensive evaluation Entails collecting information about an individual student that can be used to form judgments and make critical decisions about the student and to plan appropriate instruction. purpose of a pre-ref feral team to ensure that a student receives reasonable and appropriate supports before being referred for a comprehensive evaluation for special education. The team can of forward with this process once they investigate what has already been implemented with the student and determine if it was effective or ineffective. Statement of Assurance used to document standards of practice and ensure that all parties involved agree to adhere to the standards. This helps ensure quality of care. content validity the extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given construct. includes measuring the appropriate content as well as having adequate samples. predictive validity the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure internal validity the degree to which changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable external validity extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings convergent validity

an empirical test of the extent to which a measure is associated with other measures of a theoretically similar construct Strength-based assessment Measuring a student's social and emotional strengths, the characteristic that gives them confidence, and the traits that help them cope with adversity refers to adaptive behavior assessment helps identify strengths and needs that must be addressed to improve a students chance of success in school and in life. Used to gain information about daily function. The Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restricts disclosure of educational records Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) federal law that required the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient's consent or knowledge. Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement in depth assessment for key skills such as math, reading, writing, etc. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) widely used test designed to measure the intelligence of children 6 years and older Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) WRAT is a short achievement test that assesses reading recognition, spelling, and arithmetic computation. It has two levels for children ages, 5-11 and ages12-64. This test is similar to the Peabody Individual Achievement Test. Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) a variety of Behavioral Assessment Rating Scales - there are a variety of well-validated behavioral assessment tools that are appropriate for use in home and at school. By using a standardized assessment tool, everyone can follow clients progress and rate of improvement.

baseline data measurements os a behavior taken before interventions are started. Section 504 Plan designed to support the needs of students with disabilities who do not require formal modifications to curriculum, instruction, assessment, or environments but who need some level of support in the form of accommodations. what is the primary purpose of administering a diagnostic assessment to a student is to enable educators to.... identify specific knowledge and skills the student may be lacking. diagnostic assessments a form of pre-assessment that enables educators to identify students strengths, needs, knowledge, needs, knowledge and skills prior to instruction. termination of IEP requires written notice for parents/guardians of termination of services. when is teamwork more productive? when members are open to feedback and know how to offer feedback that is useful. What is most important to successful implementation of school wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) defying common student behavior and expectations and techniques for teaching, reinforcing, and reteaching expectations as needed. Positive behavior interventions and supports a framework for improving student behavior and school climate. core principle for successful group work communication and discussing the importance of teamwork and collaboration program evaluations

based on data and determining the effectiveness of a program. Volunteerism helps students develop empathy and compassion who is responsible for putting programs in place to promote success of all students administrators how to increase parent involvement in school gain understanding of the factors/barriers that are currently hindering involvement primary focus of social work in school is to... provide a setting that promotes students social/emotional and academic competence Wraparound related service organizations that work with schools and provide therapy and free services to student and families. Prevention Services Reducing the prevalence of behavioral health issues by enhancing standards of living and environmental stressors, teaching coping skills and reducing internal stumbling blocks, and early support and intervention especially during traumatic events. Tertiary Intense or frequent interventions needed to maintain and reduce future dysfunction or need for even more services School-based services services includes screenings, health promotion and illness prevention programs, and treatment of minor health problems organizational analysis used to gain understanding of school structures which allow for modifications to strengthen teams and individuals within an organization.

A school social worker can most effectively facilitate systems change by taking which of the following actions... engaging in organizational analysis to determine the strengths and needs of the school. Systems Change modification in how a collective unit makes decisions about policies, program services, and the allocation of resources needs assessment a determination of specific needs and wants and the range of options the customer has for satisfying them Checklist Question Allows the respondent to provide multiple answers to a single question by checking off items. Matrix Questions a series of questions that concern a common theme and that have the same response choices Linkert Scale a question that asks for a rating of the extent of agreement or disagreement with a statement; a rating scale outcome evaluation assesses a program's effectiveness what is the social workers role in supporting the mission of the school? facilitating the educational process for students whose full participation in education is threatened or marginalized. What happens if your counseling notes are subpoenaed to be shown in court? notes are considered confidential information. the social worker has an ethical obligation to maintain this confidentiality, even in the event of a subpoena, unless the students parent/guardian provide permission to realize the information.

structured interview predetermined set of questions for the interviewer to ask case interview give the candidate a situation, problem, or challenge and ask him or her to address and resolve it Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

• requires data on student achievement and graduation rates to be reports along with actions in response to data.
• states have flexibility to chart their own path to educational success, but have to submit plan.
• provides funding for literacy programs and other grants that help students at schools succeed. Higher Education Act No institution of higher learning that receives federal funding may discriminate on the basis of gender. Schools forced to increase funding of women's programs, especially sports programs. (For this reason, it made scholarships possible for students entering college.) It is seen as one of the great successes of LBJ (1965) what information is included in a report to child protective services? name of student and parent/guardian, the nature or extent of suspicious abuse, identity of person suspecting the abuse, the person suspected of the abuse, and actions taken to treat, shelter or assist the student. Illinois regulations for unexcused absences
• parents of students attending public schools are notified after a students 9th absence in the year. they are informed by a letter stating if the student misses anymore school, a medical excuse from a licensed physician will be required. comprehensive needs assessment a process that is used to identify needs and performance challenges in a school or district, determine their root causes, and set priorities for future action. Resource Mapping

Linking identified needs to relevant resources purpose of extended school year services help students maintain current skill levels. provided for students with disabilities beyond the normal school. year. McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act students who are homeless have the right to stay put in their current school, even if they are out of zone. also homeless students will be provided with free transportation to and from school. also helped with food and basic needs. self-assessment and decisions about professional practices should be based on what? data