Personality Psychology - Human Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychology

Download Personality Psychology - Human Psychology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Personality Psychology Concluding Lecture Personality, Culture, and Religion Docsity.com 1. How are Western and Eastern wisdom traditions wise from a goal-regulation and personality development perspective? 2. Describe experimental evidence that idealistic and ideological extremes arise from goal regulation processes (i.e., P x E, personal project, goal- priming, behavioral neuroscience, and neuroscience evidence). Final Quiz Questions Docsity.com Fascist Consensus (at low implicit) (McGregor, Nail, Marigold, & Kang, 2005, JPSP) 40 80 Low Explicit High Explicit Consensus Estimate (%) Stats Threat Control Docsity.com Behavioral Neuroscience 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 Low Self Esteem High Self- Esteem Rightward Line Bisection (Left Brain) Dentist Personal Uncertainty Mortality Salience Docsity.com Academic Goal Frustration  Religious Zeal Which religious belief system do you most identify with? Jewish (20%) Christian (45%) Muslim (5%) Buddhist (10%) Atheist (20%) Docsity.com Religious Zeal and Anterior Cingulate Cortex Religious Zeal is also negatively correlated with ACC r = -.63 Docsity.com Reactive Zeal Religious rapture is a unifying state…“sand and grit of selfhood disappear” Excessively intense thoughts repress conflict…“mental dams” •Religious zeal is used as a displacement ‘goal’ •Caused by important goal frustrations •Activates clear approach-motivation processes •Relieves sensitivity to uncertainty and anxiety •Liberates vigorous (myopic) action Docsity.com “Self-Affirmation” Manipulations that Decrease Reactive Ideological Extremes • Love • Self-Worth • Values Affirmation • Group-Identification and Consensus • Same domains as defensive zeal (and stages) • Like zeal, self-affirmations relieve distress • Self-affirmations only work in the West – Among Eager, Idealistic People (see next) Docsity.com Self-Affirmations, Goal Theory, and Personal Growth (in West) • Recall, completed goals fade • Approach state also relieves uh-oh (ACC) and avoidance vigilance • Allow openness to other information • Less defensive, more generous • Paradox: in West, affirm self-goals so people can let them go (i.e., past their fixations— recall Rogers). Docsity.com Philosophies, Religions, Cultures as “Stories We Live By” • What to do? • Intrapersonal and interpersonal conflict • Way of Life; “Saved” from chaos; Hope for peace • Ritual reminders in community ‘worth-ship’ • Eastern and Western solutions Docsity.com Western Culture and Religion from: • Greek idealism – Pythagoras (582-500 BCE): Introspection and idealism from India to Greece; Socratic (470-399 BCE)/ Platonic (427-347 BCE) idealism for social utopia (Plato’s republic)—make a better, more ideal world – Abstract principles and categories, logical analysis, right and wrong, individually realized, “logos”—guides action – Highest happiness from contemplating self-realized, logical, abstract, ideal/essential truth (Plato and Aristotle) Docsity.com “Sick Souled” Monotheism (in J, C, I) • Punitive God of Sin, shame, guilt – Non-affirming, threatening God causes insecurity, impedes healthy psychosocial development – Introjection of “shoulds” – Zealous idealism and intolerance as defense – Insecurity and Battle for God (Karen Armstrong) – Ideological warfare more common in the West. Docsity.com Eastern Cultures & Religions: India • Hinduism (Oldest) – Four Wants: pleasure, success (path of desire), duty, Being (path of renunciation)… “Mukti” = liberation from limitations – Let people accomplish lower stages, they will want more – Four paths (Yogas = yokes) to true Being, suited to personalities: knowledge (O), love (A), work (E), meditation (I) – “Maya” illusion vs. True Being (Atman and Brahman) – Sounds Greek. Is this where Pythagoras got inspiration? – Advocates balanced engagement, e.g., “Dancing Shiva”, i.e., Not identifying with fruits of action. GOALS! – See notes field below for related reading… Docsity.com Eastern Cultures & Religions: India – Buddhism (566-486 BCE: “He Who is Awake”) • Pragmatic psychology for well-being • Reaction against Hindu authority, ritual, tradition, fatalism, superstition. • Four Noble Truths and Eightfold path (from “wandering about” to “intentional living”) – Do not over-attach to goals and fruits of goals – Meditation and mindfulness: noticing and centering on breathing (left hemisphere!) – “Strive with awareness’” “middle way” » See Shiva’s dance Docsity.com Goal Theory Interpretation • East and West agree that narrow ego-self striving is problematic • Western solutions bolster identification with an ideal self, which ultimately transcends itself • Eastern solutions treat self as illusion • At best, both facilitate well-being, lack of defensiveness, openness, and compassion Docsity.com Compassion • Axial age and Great Transformation (Armstrong) • Emphasis on compassion discourages fanatical intolerance (West) and also aloof personal enlightenment (East) • Non-divisive ideal that directly discourages ego- self-focus • Compelling exemplars to emulate • TheravedaMahayana Buddhism (Bodhisattvas) Docsity.com