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PFCCS Exam Questions and Answers: Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Exams of Nursing

A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to pediatric emergency medicine, covering topics such as bacterial infections, electrolyte imbalances, trauma management, head injuries, and critical care. It is a valuable resource for students and professionals seeking to enhance their knowledge in this field.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 11/22/2024

Estrelia
Estrelia 🇨🇦

4.2

(21)

5.3K documents

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Download PFCCS Exam Questions and Answers: Pediatric Emergency Medicine and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

What bacteria can cause toxic shock syndrome - - - correct answer ✅Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes What to assume child has if has fever and petechiae? How to treat it? - - - correct answer ✅Meningococcemia TX: aggressive fluid resuscitation and Ax= cephalosporin What is the diagnostic test for bacterial meningitis? - - - correct answer ✅CSF examination IT IS A MED EMERGENCY What is common in a pediatric patient who has hyponatremia - - - correct answer ✅SIADH Tx for symptomatic hyponatremia - - - correct answer ✅3% saline TX for hypernatremic dehydration - - - correct answer ✅isotonic fluids (0.9% NS) By how much can sodium levels safely change an hour - - - correct answer ✅0.5-1.0 mEq/L/h

What to give hyperkalemic patient to stabilize myocardium - - - correct answer ✅Calcium gluconate Other interventions to move potassium intercellularly (hyperkalemia) - - - correct answer ✅Insulin/glucose sodium bicarb albuterol Hypocalcemia tx - - - correct answer ✅- Calcium gluconate

  • Calcium chloride ( CV line bc can cause tissue extravascation/necrosis) What steps are in the primary survey during Trauma - - - correct answer ✅ABCDE airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and environment exposure Common life threats during trauma - - - correct answer ✅Tension pneumothorax Open pneumothorax Massive hemothorax Tension pneumothorax IV - - - correct answer ✅needle decompression then chest tube

Open pneumothorax IV - - - correct answer ✅3 sided occlusive dressing then chest tube Massive hemothorax IV - - - correct answer ✅volume resuscitation then chest tube most common shock in trauma - - - correct answer ✅hemorrhagic shock Pneumonic for possible cause of desaturations during trauma - - - correct answer ✅D: dislodgment of ett tube O: obstruction (kinked, pt biting tube etc) P: Tension pneumothorax E: equipment failure What is the rule of nines for pediatric patients under 15 - - - correct answer ✅Lund Browder chart Signs of herniation in head trauma or seizure - - - correct answer ✅Pupil is fixed and dilated

leading cause of disability injury in children is - - - correct answer ✅head trauma Signs of Shaken baby syndrome or Abusive head trauma includes - -

  • correct answer ✅Bilateral Subdural Hematoma Retinal hemorrhages Altered LOC What is the most sensitive an specific test for TBI - - - correct answer ✅Head CT TX for active seizures - - - correct answer ✅1. benzos ( lorazepam)
  1. Anticonvulsants (phenytoin, phenorbital) Disaster related injuries and illnesses can be identified using which acronym - - - correct answer ✅CBRNE chemical, biological, radiation, nucelar, explosives antidote for cholinergic crisis - - - correct answer ✅Atropine and pralidoxime When do you draw acetaminophen levels if intentionally ingested -
    • correct answer ✅4 hours after ingestion

The most important factor in having effective transport is - - - correct answer ✅Communication Do you need informed consent prior to inter facility transport? - - - correct answer ✅Yes The four key elements of transport are - - - correct answer ✅Communication personnel equipment monitoring What is the immediate goal in brain injury? - - - correct answer ✅Prevent secondary injury by monitoring PaCO2, PaO2 and blood pressure S/S of elevated ICP - - - correct answer ✅-Cushing triad: HTN, bradycardia, and abnormal respiratory pattern -Extensor or flexor posturing Cerebral Perfusion Pressure - - - correct answer ✅MAP-ICP normal ranges

infant:40- child: 50- In patients with brain injury with ICP it is normal to have - - - correct answer ✅High blood pressure to maintain CPP Managing elevated ICP - - - correct answer ✅Hypertonic Saline Mannitol vasopressors ( to increase CPP) Fever control CSF drainage elevate head 30 degrees Contraindications to lumbar puncture - - - correct answer ✅Any signs of ICP What is an early sign of mental status change in a young child - - - correct answer ✅Irritability Common congenital defects that can lead to low cardiac output in newborns (3) - - - correct answer ✅Coarctation of the aorta Critical aortic stenosis

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome TET Spells are - - - correct answer ✅Hypoxic episodes that are relieved by squatting or knee chest position CHD can be categorized into 2 groups - - - correct answer ✅Cyanotic and acyanotic tumor lysis syndrome - - - correct answer ✅condition that occurs when a large number of cancer cells die within a short period, releasing their contents in to the blood Tumor Lysis Syndrome is a... - - - correct answer ✅Life threatening complication What is a late sign of spinal cord compression - - - correct answer ✅Autonomic dysfunction ( bladder or bowel incontinence) How to diagnosis spinal cord compression in children - - - correct answer ✅MRI When is a blood transfusion considered - - - correct answer ✅When HGB is less than 7

What is tumor lysis syndrome characterized by - - - correct answer ✅Hyperuricemia Hyperkalemia Hyperphosphatemia Hypocalcemia AKI is characterized by (5) - - - correct answer ✅Increase in serum creatinine decreased GFR Decreased UO Increased BUN fluid overload The guideline for AKI:Kidney disease improving global outcome is used for what age in children - - - correct answer ✅1 month and older What is the normal one cause of AKI in pediatric population - - - correct answer ✅Volume depletion associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome

What is the most frequent causes and risk factors of AKI - - - correct answer ✅Sepsis What should all patients be considered at risk for developing, especially critically ill patients - - - correct answer ✅AKI 3 types of AKI - - - correct answer ✅Prerenal Intrarenal Postrenal Prerenal aki vs intrinsic aki - - - correct answer ✅Tubular function is maintained vs tubular function is impaired Postrenal AKI - - - correct answer ✅Occurs due to obstruction to urinary flow What fluids does one use for fluid resuscitation in patients with AKI

      • correct answer ✅Start with NS then use colloids like 5% albumin Pneumonic for emergency during Procedural sedation - - - correct answer ✅SOAP ME Suction

Oxygen Advanced airway equipment Pharmacy for emergency meds Monitoring sedation level Equipment for ED resuscitation Most useful drugs in Peds Emergencies (3) - - - correct answer ✅Ketamine Midazolam Fentanyl Why is atropine used in pediatric population during intubation - - - correct answer ✅Control salivation and inhibits vagal tone Ketamine - - - correct answer ✅Sedative and potent analgesic potent bronchodilator (preferred sedative for asthma and septic shock) Neuromuscular blockade - - - correct answer ✅Never use alone end in -ium (vecuronium, rocuronium )

What is used if ketamine is contraindicated - - - correct answer ✅Etomidate ( has serious adverse effects ) Earliest indicator of increased cardiac output - - - correct answer ✅Tachycardia What is high serum lactate an indication of - - - correct answer ✅Poor tissue hypoxia Hypotension is a ———— in shock - - - correct answer ✅Late finding Initial dose of defibrillation - - - correct answer ✅2 j/kg with a max dose of 10 j/kg 1 shocks followed by 2 min of CPR, shock again if necessary Antiaarrhythmic meds to give during vtach, v fib - - - correct answer ✅Lidocaine: 1 mg/kg Amiodarone: 5 mg/kg What are children dependent on for Cardiac output - - - correct answer ✅Heart rate Bradycardia in Peds means diminished CO

What are the three types of respiratory failure - - - correct answer ✅Hypoxemic Hypercapnic mixed Hyopxemic RF - - - correct answer ✅RA PaO2 is < 60 mmHg Hypercapnic RF - - - correct answer ✅PaCO2 is > 50 mmHg with pH < 7. Noninvasive ventilation (3) - - - correct answer ✅BiPAP CPAP NPPV How long should a ped patient improve on noninvasive ventilation -

    • correct answer ✅48-72 hours Initial settings in infants - - - correct answer ✅CPAP: 5 cmH2O Toddler settings 1-2 yrs - - - correct answer ✅IPAP: 8 cm EPAP: 4 cm

FiO2: 1. Children > 2 yrs - - - correct answer ✅IPAP: 10 cm EPAP: 5 cm FiO2: 1. Initial Settings for mechanical ventilation - - - correct answer ✅FiO2: 1. VT: 6-8 ml/kg ARDS: 4-6; Neuromusucular: 10- RR: depends on age Pressure Support: 5-10 cm of H20 ( on SIMV) PEEP: 2-5, titration in increments of 2, never > 15