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A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to pediatric emergency medicine, covering topics such as bacterial infections, electrolyte imbalances, trauma management, head injuries, and critical care. It is a valuable resource for students and professionals seeking to enhance their knowledge in this field.
Typology: Exams
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What bacteria can cause toxic shock syndrome - - - correct answer ✅Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes What to assume child has if has fever and petechiae? How to treat it? - - - correct answer ✅Meningococcemia TX: aggressive fluid resuscitation and Ax= cephalosporin What is the diagnostic test for bacterial meningitis? - - - correct answer ✅CSF examination IT IS A MED EMERGENCY What is common in a pediatric patient who has hyponatremia - - - correct answer ✅SIADH Tx for symptomatic hyponatremia - - - correct answer ✅3% saline TX for hypernatremic dehydration - - - correct answer ✅isotonic fluids (0.9% NS) By how much can sodium levels safely change an hour - - - correct answer ✅0.5-1.0 mEq/L/h
What to give hyperkalemic patient to stabilize myocardium - - - correct answer ✅Calcium gluconate Other interventions to move potassium intercellularly (hyperkalemia) - - - correct answer ✅Insulin/glucose sodium bicarb albuterol Hypocalcemia tx - - - correct answer ✅- Calcium gluconate
Open pneumothorax IV - - - correct answer ✅3 sided occlusive dressing then chest tube Massive hemothorax IV - - - correct answer ✅volume resuscitation then chest tube most common shock in trauma - - - correct answer ✅hemorrhagic shock Pneumonic for possible cause of desaturations during trauma - - - correct answer ✅D: dislodgment of ett tube O: obstruction (kinked, pt biting tube etc) P: Tension pneumothorax E: equipment failure What is the rule of nines for pediatric patients under 15 - - - correct answer ✅Lund Browder chart Signs of herniation in head trauma or seizure - - - correct answer ✅Pupil is fixed and dilated
leading cause of disability injury in children is - - - correct answer ✅head trauma Signs of Shaken baby syndrome or Abusive head trauma includes - -
The most important factor in having effective transport is - - - correct answer ✅Communication Do you need informed consent prior to inter facility transport? - - - correct answer ✅Yes The four key elements of transport are - - - correct answer ✅Communication personnel equipment monitoring What is the immediate goal in brain injury? - - - correct answer ✅Prevent secondary injury by monitoring PaCO2, PaO2 and blood pressure S/S of elevated ICP - - - correct answer ✅-Cushing triad: HTN, bradycardia, and abnormal respiratory pattern -Extensor or flexor posturing Cerebral Perfusion Pressure - - - correct answer ✅MAP-ICP normal ranges
infant:40- child: 50- In patients with brain injury with ICP it is normal to have - - - correct answer ✅High blood pressure to maintain CPP Managing elevated ICP - - - correct answer ✅Hypertonic Saline Mannitol vasopressors ( to increase CPP) Fever control CSF drainage elevate head 30 degrees Contraindications to lumbar puncture - - - correct answer ✅Any signs of ICP What is an early sign of mental status change in a young child - - - correct answer ✅Irritability Common congenital defects that can lead to low cardiac output in newborns (3) - - - correct answer ✅Coarctation of the aorta Critical aortic stenosis
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome TET Spells are - - - correct answer ✅Hypoxic episodes that are relieved by squatting or knee chest position CHD can be categorized into 2 groups - - - correct answer ✅Cyanotic and acyanotic tumor lysis syndrome - - - correct answer ✅condition that occurs when a large number of cancer cells die within a short period, releasing their contents in to the blood Tumor Lysis Syndrome is a... - - - correct answer ✅Life threatening complication What is a late sign of spinal cord compression - - - correct answer ✅Autonomic dysfunction ( bladder or bowel incontinence) How to diagnosis spinal cord compression in children - - - correct answer ✅MRI When is a blood transfusion considered - - - correct answer ✅When HGB is less than 7
What is tumor lysis syndrome characterized by - - - correct answer ✅Hyperuricemia Hyperkalemia Hyperphosphatemia Hypocalcemia AKI is characterized by (5) - - - correct answer ✅Increase in serum creatinine decreased GFR Decreased UO Increased BUN fluid overload The guideline for AKI:Kidney disease improving global outcome is used for what age in children - - - correct answer ✅1 month and older What is the normal one cause of AKI in pediatric population - - - correct answer ✅Volume depletion associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome
What is the most frequent causes and risk factors of AKI - - - correct answer ✅Sepsis What should all patients be considered at risk for developing, especially critically ill patients - - - correct answer ✅AKI 3 types of AKI - - - correct answer ✅Prerenal Intrarenal Postrenal Prerenal aki vs intrinsic aki - - - correct answer ✅Tubular function is maintained vs tubular function is impaired Postrenal AKI - - - correct answer ✅Occurs due to obstruction to urinary flow What fluids does one use for fluid resuscitation in patients with AKI
Oxygen Advanced airway equipment Pharmacy for emergency meds Monitoring sedation level Equipment for ED resuscitation Most useful drugs in Peds Emergencies (3) - - - correct answer ✅Ketamine Midazolam Fentanyl Why is atropine used in pediatric population during intubation - - - correct answer ✅Control salivation and inhibits vagal tone Ketamine - - - correct answer ✅Sedative and potent analgesic potent bronchodilator (preferred sedative for asthma and septic shock) Neuromuscular blockade - - - correct answer ✅Never use alone end in -ium (vecuronium, rocuronium )
What is used if ketamine is contraindicated - - - correct answer ✅Etomidate ( has serious adverse effects ) Earliest indicator of increased cardiac output - - - correct answer ✅Tachycardia What is high serum lactate an indication of - - - correct answer ✅Poor tissue hypoxia Hypotension is a ———— in shock - - - correct answer ✅Late finding Initial dose of defibrillation - - - correct answer ✅2 j/kg with a max dose of 10 j/kg 1 shocks followed by 2 min of CPR, shock again if necessary Antiaarrhythmic meds to give during vtach, v fib - - - correct answer ✅Lidocaine: 1 mg/kg Amiodarone: 5 mg/kg What are children dependent on for Cardiac output - - - correct answer ✅Heart rate Bradycardia in Peds means diminished CO
What are the three types of respiratory failure - - - correct answer ✅Hypoxemic Hypercapnic mixed Hyopxemic RF - - - correct answer ✅RA PaO2 is < 60 mmHg Hypercapnic RF - - - correct answer ✅PaCO2 is > 50 mmHg with pH < 7. Noninvasive ventilation (3) - - - correct answer ✅BiPAP CPAP NPPV How long should a ped patient improve on noninvasive ventilation -
FiO2: 1. Children > 2 yrs - - - correct answer ✅IPAP: 10 cm EPAP: 5 cm FiO2: 1. Initial Settings for mechanical ventilation - - - correct answer ✅FiO2: 1. VT: 6-8 ml/kg ARDS: 4-6; Neuromusucular: 10- RR: depends on age Pressure Support: 5-10 cm of H20 ( on SIMV) PEEP: 2-5, titration in increments of 2, never > 15