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PHARM Exam One - Test Bank Questions with Complete Solutions Graded A+, Exams of Nursing

A comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions and answers related to the first exam in a pharmacology course. It covers various aspects of drug administration, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, including the rights of medication administration, drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, as well as different drug forms and their effects. Designed to help students prepare for their pharmacology exam by providing a comprehensive review of key concepts and principles.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/01/2025

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PHARM Exam One - Test Bank Questions with Complete

Solutions Graded A+

The nurse is writing a nursing diagnosis for a plan of care for a patient who has been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which statement reflects the correct format for a nursing diagnosis? a. Anxiety b. Anxiety related to new drug therapy c. Anxiety related to anxious feelings about drug therapy, as evidenced by statements such as "I'm upset about having to test my blood sugars." d. Anxiety related to new drug therapy, as evidenced by statements such as "I'm upset about having to test my blood sugars." - Correct Answersd. Anxiety related to new drug therapy, as evidenced by statements such as "Im upset about have to test my blood sugars." CH. 1 The patient is to receive oral guaifenesin (Mucinex) twice a day. Today, the nurse was busy and gave the medication 2 hours after the scheduled dose was due. What type of problem does this represent? a. "Right time" b. "Right dose" c. "Right route" d. "Right medication" - Correct Answersa. "Right time"

CH. 1

The nurse has been monitoring the patient's progress on a new drug regimen since the first dose and documenting the patient's therapeutic response to the medication. Which phase of the nursing process do these actions illustrate? a. Nursing diagnosis b. Planning c. Implementation d. Evaluation - Correct Answersd. Evaluation CH. 1 The nurse is assigned to a patient who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which statement best illustrates an outcome criterion for this patient? a. The patient will follow instructions. b. The patient will not experience complications. c. The patient will adhere to the new insulin treatment regimen. d. The patient will demonstrate correct blood glucose testing technique. - Correct Answersd. The patient will demonstrate correct blood glucose testing technique CH. 1

  1. Which activity best reflects the implementation phase of the nursing process for the patient who is newly diagnosed with hypertension? a. Providing education on keeping a journal of blood pressure readings b. Setting goals and outcome criteria with the patient's input c. Recording a drug history regarding over-the-counter medications used at home d. Formulating nursing diagnoses regarding deficient knowledge related to the new treatment regimen - Correct Answersa. providing education on keeping a journal of blood pressure readings

CH. 1

The medication order reads, "Give ondansetron (Zofran) 4 mg, 30 minutes before beginning chemotherapy to prevent nausea." The nurse notes that the route is missing from the order. What is the nurse's best action? a. Give the medication intravenously b. because the patient might vomit. b. Give the medication orally because the tablets are available in 4 - mg doses. c. Contact the prescriber to clarify the route of the medication ordered. d. Hold the medication until the prescriber returns to make rounds. - Correct Answersc. Contact the prescriber to clarity the route of the medication ordered CH. 1

  1. When the nurse considers the timing of a drug dose, which factor is appropriate to consider when deciding when to give a drug? a. The patient's ability to swallow b. The patient's height c. The patient's last meal d. The patient's allergies - Correct Answersc. The patient's last meal CH. 1 The nurse is performing an assessment of a newly admitted patient. Which is an example of subjective data? a. Blood pressure 158/96 mm Hg b. Weight 255 pounds c. The patient reports that he uses the herbal product ginkgo. d. The patient's laboratory work includes a complete blood count and urinalysis. - Correct Answersc. The patient reports that he uses the herbal product ginkgo

CH. 1

When giving medications, the nurse will follow the rights of medication administration. The rights include the right documentation, the right reason, the right response, and the patient's right to refuse. Which of these are additional rights? (Select all that apply.) a. Right drug b. Right route c. Right dose d. Right diagnosis e. Right time f. Right patient - Correct Answersa, b, c, e, f, (SIX RIGHTS) CH. Place the phases of the nursing process in the correct order, with 1 as the first phase and 5 as the last phase. (Select all that apply.) a. Planning b. Evaluation c. Assessment d. Implementation e. Nursing Diagnoses - Correct Answersc, e, a, d, b (ADPIE) CH.

  1. The patient is receiving two different drugs. At current dosages and dosage forms, both drugs are absorbed into the circulation in identical amounts. Which term is used to identify this principle? a. Bioequivalent

b. Synergistic c. Prodrugs d. Steady state - Correct Answersa. Bioequivalent CH. When given an intravenous medication, the patient says to the nurse, "I usually take pills. Why does this medication have to be given in the arm?" What is the nurse's best answer? a. "The medication will cause fewer adverse effects when given intravenously." b. "The intravenous medication will have delayed absorption into the body's tissues." c. "The action of the medication will begin sooner when given intravenously." d. "There is a lower chance of allergic reactions when drugs are given intravenously." - Correct Answersc. "The action of the medication will begin sooner when given intravenously." CH. The nurse is administering parenteral drugs. Which statement is true regarding parenteral drugs? a. Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect. b. Absorption of parenteral drugs is affected by reduced blood flow to the stomach. c. Absorption of parenteral drugs is faster when the stomach is empty. d. Parenteral drugs exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream. - Correct Answersa. Parenteral drug bypass the first-pass effect CH. When monitoring the patient receiving an intravenous infusion to reduce blood pressure, the nurse notes that the patient's blood pressure is extremely low, and the patient is lethargic and difficult to awaken. This would be classified as which type of adverse drug reaction? a. Adverse effect

b. Allergic reaction c. Idiosyncratic reaction d. Pharmacologic reaction - Correct Answersd. Pharmacologic reaction CH. The nurse is reviewing pharmacology terms for a group of newly graduated nurses. Which sentence defines a drug's half-life? a. The time it takes for the drug to cause half of its therapeutic response b. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to reach the target cells c. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body d. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be absorbed into the circulation - Correct Answersc. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body CH. When administering drugs, the nurse remembers that the duration of action of a drug is defined as which of these? a. The time it takes for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response b. The amount of time needed to remove a drug from circulation c. The time it takes for a drug to achieve its maximum therapeutic response d. The time period at which a drug's concentration is sufficient to cause a therapeutic response - Correct Answersd. The time period at which a drug's concentration is sufficient to cause a therapeutic response CH. When reviewing the mechanism of action of a specific drug, the nurse reads that the drug works by selective enzyme interaction. Which of these processes describes selective enzyme interaction?

a. The drug alters cell membrane permeability. b. The drug's effectiveness within the cell walls of the target tissue is enhanced. c. The drug is attracted to a receptor on the cell wall, preventing an enzyme from binding to that receptor. d. The drug binds to an enzyme molecule and inhibits or enhances the enzyme's action with the normal target cell. - Correct Answersd. The drug binds to an enzyme molecule and inhibits or enhances the enzyme's action with the normal target cell. CH. When administering a new medication to a patient, the nurse reads that it is highly protein bound. Assuming that the patient's albumin levels are normal, the nurse would expect which result, as compared to a medication that is not highly protein bound? a. Renal excretion will be faster. b. The drug will be metabolized quickly. c. The duration of action of the medication will be shorter. d. The duration of action of the medication will be longer. - Correct Answersd. The duration of action of the medication will be longer. CH. 2 The patient is experiencing chest pain and needs to take a sublingual form of nitroglycerin. Where does the nurse instruct the patient to place the tablet? a. Under the tongue b. On top of the tongue c. At the back of the throat d. In the space between the cheek and the gum - Correct Answersa. Under the tongue CH.

The nurse is administering medications to the patient who is in renal failure resulting from end stage renal disease. The nurse is aware that patients with kidney failure would most likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic phase? a. Absorption b. Distribution c. Metabolism d. Excretion - Correct Answersd. Excretion CH. 2 A patient who has advanced cancer is receiving opioid medications around the clock to keep him comfortable as he nears the end of his life. Which term best describes this type of therapy? a. Palliative therapy b. Maintenance therapy c. Empiric therapy d. Supplemental therapy - Correct Answersa. Palliative therapy CH. 2 The patient is complaining of a headache and asks the nurse which over-the-counter medication form would work the fastest to help reduce the pain. Which medication form will the nurse suggest? a. A capsule b. A tablet c. An enteric-coated tablet d. A powder - Correct Answersd. a powder CH.

The nurse will be injecting a drug into the fatty tissue of the patient's abdomen. Which route does this describe? a. Intradermal b. Subcutaneous c. Intramuscular d. Transdermal - Correct Answersb. subcutaneous CH. Which drugs would be affected by the first-pass effect? (Select all that apply.) a. Morphine given by IV push injection b. Sublingual nitroglycerin tablets c. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) elixir d. Levothyroxine (Synthroid) tablets e. Transdermal nicotine patches f. Esomeprazole (Nexium) capsules g. Penicillin given by IV piggyback infusion - Correct Answersc, d, f (ORAL MEDICATION FIRST) CH. A drug dose that delivers 250 mg has a half-life of 5 hours. Identify how much drug will remain in the body after one half-life. _______? - Correct Answers125 mg (250/2= 125) CH. Drug transfer to the fetus is more likely during the last trimester of pregnancy for which reason? a. Decreased fetal surface area

b. Increased placental surface area c. Enhanced blood flow to the fetus d. Increased amount of protein-bound drug in maternal circulation - Correct Answersc. Enhanced blood flow to the fetus CH. 3 When discussing dosage calculation for pediatric patients with a clinical pharmacist, the nurse notes that which type of dosage calculation is used most commonly in pediatric calculations? a. West nomogram b. Clark rule c. Height-to-weight ratio d. Milligram per kilogram of body weight formula - Correct Answersd. Milligram per kilogram of body weight formula CH. 3 The nurse is assessing a newly admitted 83 - year-old patient and determines that the patient is experiencing polypharmacy. Which statement most accurately illustrates polypharmacy? a. The patient is experiencing multiple illnesses. b. The patient uses one medication for an illness several times per day. c. The patient uses over-the-counter drugs for an illness. d. The patient uses multiple medications simultaneously. - Correct Answersd. The patient uses multiple medications simultaneously CH. The nurse is aware that confusion, forgetfulness, and increased risk for falls are common responses in an elderly patient who is taking which type of drug?

a. Laxatives b. Anticoagulants c. Sedatives d. Antidepressants - Correct Answersc. Sedatives CH. 3 For accurate medication administration to pediatric patients, the nurse must take into account which criteria? a. Organ maturity b. Renal output c. Body temperature d. Height - Correct Answersa. Organ maturity CH. The nurse recognizes that it is not uncommon for an elderly patient to experience a reduction in the stomach's ability to produce hydrochloric acid. This change may result in which effect? a. Delayed gastric emptying b. Increased gastric acidity c. Decreased intestinal absorption of medications d. Altered absorption of weakly acidic drugs - Correct Answersd. Altered absorption of weakly acidic drugs CH. 3 The nurse is administering drugs to neonates and will consider which factor may contribute the most to drug toxicity? a. The lungs are immature.

b. The kidneys are small. c. The liver is not fully developed. d. Excretion of the drug occurs quickly. - Correct Answersc. The liver is not fully developed CH. An elderly patient with a new diagnosis of hypertension will be receiving a new prescription for an antihypertensive drug. The nurse expects which type of dosing to occur with this drug therapy? a. Drug therapy will be based on the patient's weight. b. Drug therapy will be based on the patient's age. c. The patient will receive the maximum dose that is expected to reduce the blood pressure. d. The patient will receive the lowest possible dose at first, and then the dose will be increased as needed. - Correct Answersd. The patient will receive the lowest possible dose at first, and then the dose will be increased as needed. CH. The nurse is trying to give a liquid medication to a - year-old child and notes that the medication has a strong taste. Which technique is the best way for the nurse to give the medication to this child? a. Give the medication with a spoonful of ice cream. b. Add the medication to the child's bottle. c. Tell the child you have candy for him. d. Add the medication to a cup of milk. - Correct Answersa. Give the medication with a spoonful of ice cream. CH. The nurse is preparing to give an injection to a 4 - year-old child. Which intervention is age appropriate for this child?

a. Give the injection without any advanced preparation. b. Give the injection, and then explain the reason for the procedure afterward. c. Offer a brief, concrete explanation of the procedure at the patient's level and with the parent or caregiver present. d. Prepare the child in advance with details about the procedure without the parent or caregiver present. - Correct Answersc. Offer a brief, concrete explanation of the procedure at the patient's level and with the parent or caregiver present. CH. Which statements are true regarding pediatric patients and pharmacokinetics? (Select all that apply.) a. The levels of microsomal enzymes are decreased. b. Perfusion to the kidneys may be decreased and may result in reduced renal function. c. First-pass elimination is increased because of higher portal circulation. d. First-pass elimination is reduced because of the immaturity of the liver. e. Total body water content is much less than in adults. f. Gastric emptying is slowed because of slow or irregular peristalsis. g. Gastric emptying is more rapid because of increased peristaltic activity. - Correct Answersa, b, d, f CH. Which statements are true regarding the elderly and pharmacokinetics? (Select all that apply.) a. The levels of microsomal enzymes are decreased. b. Fat content is increased because of decreased lean body mass. c. Fat content is decreased because of increased lean body mass. d. The number of intact nephrons is increased. e. The number of intact nephrons is decreased.

f. Gastric pH is less acidic. g. Gastric pH is more acidic. - Correct Answersa, b, e, f CH. 3 During the development of a new drug, which would be included in the study by the researcher to prevent any bias or unrealistic expectations of the new drug's usefulness? a. A placebo b. FDA approval c. Informed consent d. Safety information - Correct Answersa. A placebo CH. A member of an investigational drug study team is working with healthy volunteers whose participation will help to determine the optimal dosage range and pharmacokinetics of the drug. The team member is participating in what type of study? a. Phase I b. Phase II c. Phase III d. Phase IV - Correct Answersa. Phase I CH. During discharge patient teaching, the nurse reviews prescriptions with a patient. Which statement is correct about refills for an analgesic that is classified as Schedule C-III? a. No prescription refills are permitted. b. Refills are allowed only by written prescription. c. The patient may have no more than five refills in a 6 - month period.

d. Written prescriptions expire in 12 months. - Correct Answersc. The patient may have no more than five refills in a 6 - month period CH. 4 A patient has been selected as a potential recipient of an experimental drug for heart failure. The nurse knows that when informed consent has been obtained, it indicates which of these? a. The patient has been informed of the possible benefits of the new therapy. b. The patient will be informed of the details of the study as the research continues. c. The patient will receive the actual drug during the experiment. d. The patient has had the study's purpose, procedures, and the risks involved explained to him. - Correct Answersd. The patient has had the study's purpose, procedures, and the risk involved explained to him CH. For which cultural group must the health care provider respect the value placed on preserving harmony with nature and the belief that disease is a result of ill spirits? a. Hispanics b. Asian Americans c. Native Americans d. African Americans - Correct Answersc. Native Americans CH. 4 When reviewing the various schedules of controlled drugs, the nurse knows that which description correctly describes Schedule II drugs? a. Drugs with high potential for abuse that have accepted medical use b. Drugs with high potential for abuse that do not have accepted medical use

c. Medically accepted drugs that may cause moderate physical or psychologic dependence d. Medically accepted drugs with limited potential for causing physical or psychologic dependence - Correct Answersa. Drugs with high potential for abuse that have accepted medical use CH. 4 The nurse is reviewing facts about pharmacology for a review course. The term legend drug refers to which item? a. Over-the-counter drugs b. Prescription drugs c. Orphan drugs d. Older drugs - Correct Answersb. Prescription drugs CH. Nurses have the ethical responsibility to tell the truth to their patients. What is this principle known as? a. Justice b. Veracity c. Beneficence d. Autonomy - Correct Answersb. Veracity CH. A patient is undergoing major surgery and asks the nurse about a living will. He states, "I don't want anybody else making decisions for me. And I don't want to prolong my life." The patient is demonstrating which ethical term? a. Autonomy b. Beneficence

c. Justice d. Veracity - Correct Answersa. Autonomy CH. The nurse is reviewing a list of scheduled drugs and notes that Schedule C-I drugs are not on the list. Which is a characteristic of Schedule C-I drugs? a. No refills are permitted. b. They may be obtained over-the-counter with a signature. c. They are available only by written prescription. d. They are used only with approved protocols. - Correct Answersd. They are used only with approved protocols During a busy night shift, a new nurse administered an unfamiliar medication without checking it in a drug handbook. Later that day, the patient had a severe reaction because he has renal problems, which was a contraindication to that drug. The nurse may be liable for which of these? a. Medical negligence b. Nursing negligence c. Nonmaleficence d. Autonomy - Correct Answersb. nursing negligence CH. 4