Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources
Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study
Go to the blog

PHARM NURS 251 Final Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts and Practice Questions, Exams of Nursing

Chamberlain College of NursingNursing

This comprehensive study guide for pharm nurs 251 final exam provides a detailed overview of key concepts and practice questions covering various aspects of nursing practice. It includes definitions of essential terms, explanations of nursing assessment techniques, and examples of clinical scenarios. The guide also covers important topics such as health history components, pain assessment tools, and cranial nerve assessments. This resource is designed to help nursing students prepare for their final exam and enhance their understanding of fundamental nursing principles.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/28/2025

ExamGuru2025
ExamGuru2025 šŸ‡ŗšŸ‡ø

4.8

(6)

1.7K documents

1 / 18

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
PHARM NURS 251 FINAL EXAM YEAR 2024/2025
ACCURATE CURRENTLY TESTING EXAM
VERSIONS WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH A STUDY GUIDE /
EXPORT VERIFIED FOR GURANTEED PASS
complete (baseline) - ANSWER>>-total health history and full physical examination describing current
and past health state
-example: checkup or annual appointment
focused - ANSWER>>-health history that is problem-centered: limited, targeted, mainly 1 problem or body
system
-example: patient presents with a rash, broken bone, etc.
episodic or emergency - ANSWER>>-health history that is urgent, rapid collection of information with
lifesaving measures
-not much time, really just need to do quick assessment
-example: heart attack
first-level priority (top priority) - ANSWER>>-priority that is emergent, life threatening, and immediate
second-level priority - ANSWER>>-priority that is next in urgency, requiring attention so as to avoid further
deterioration
-example: infection, diabetic (check their sugar/give insulin)
third-level priority - ANSWER>>-priority that is important to patient's health but can be addressed after
more urgent problems are addressed
collaborative problems - ANSWER>>-approach to treatment involves multiple disciplines
health history components - ANSWER>>-biographic data (name, age, gender, relationship status, ethnic
origin, occupation, language) -reason for seeking care
-history of present illness
-past medical history
-family history-genogram
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12

Partial preview of the text

Download PHARM NURS 251 Final Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts and Practice Questions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

PHARM NURS 251 FINAL EXAM YEAR 2024/

ACCURATE CURRENTLY TESTING EXAM

VERSIONS WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND

DETAILED ANSWERS WITH A STUDY GUIDE /

EXPORT VERIFIED FOR GURANTEED PASS

complete (baseline) - ANSWER>>-total health history and full physical examination describing current and past health state

  • example: checkup or annual appointment focused - ANSWER>>-health history that is problem-centered: limited, targeted, mainly 1 problem or body system
  • example: patient presents with a rash, broken bone, etc. episodic or emergency - ANSWER>>-health history that is urgent, rapid collection of information with lifesaving measures
  • not much time, really just need to do quick assessment
  • example: heart attack first-level priority (top priority) - ANSWER>>-priority that is emergent, life threatening, and immediate second-level priority - ANSWER>>-priority that is next in urgency, requiring attention so as to avoid further deterioration
  • example: infection, diabetic (check their sugar/give insulin) third-level priority - ANSWER>>-priority that is important to patient's health but can be addressed after more urgent problems are addressed collaborative problems - ANSWER>>-approach to treatment involves multiple disciplines health history components - ANSWER>>-biographic data (name, age, gender, relationship status, ethnic origin, occupation, language) - reason for seeking care
  • history of present illness
  • past medical history
  • family history-genogram
  • review of systems with health promotion activities
  • functional assessment symptom - ANSWER>>-subjective sensation that the person feels from the disorder sign - ANSWER>>-objective abnormality that you detect on physical exam or diagnostic testing introducing the interview - ANSWER>>-keep this part of the interview short and formal working phase - ANSWER>>-data-gathering phase
  • open ended and closed ended questions Open-ended - ANSWER>>type of question that asks for narrative information closed - ANSWER>>type of question that asks for specific information leading to a forced choice (yes or no) facilitation - ANSWER>>-patient leads and reactions obtained from interviewer - encourages patient to say more silence - ANSWER>>-patient leads and reactions obtained from interviewer - directed attentiveness reflection - ANSWER>>-patient leads and reactions obtained from interviewer - echoes to help express meaning empathy - ANSWER>>-patient leads and reaction obtained from interviewer - names a feeling and allows its expansion clarification - ANSWER>>-patient leads and reaction obtained from interviewer - asking for confirmation confrontation - ANSWER>>-interviewer leads and expression of own thoughts based on obtained information
  • clarifying inconsistent information

inspection - ANSWER>>-physical assessment technique

  • looking and examining physical aspects of the body, posture, appearance, and behavior - seeing, hearing, smelling palpation - ANSWER>>-using your hands to touch and feel surface characteristics
  • light (surface - skin, musculature) and deep (organs, masses)
  • wear gloves with open wounds, areas, or internal structures of the body percussion - ANSWER>>-tapping different areas of the body to assess underlying structures
  • different tones elicited depending on tissue type
  • direct or indirect resonant - ANSWER>>-percussion sound
  • amplitude: medium-loud
  • pitch: low
  • quality: clear, hollow
  • ex: normal lung hyperresonant - ANSWER>>-percussion sound
  • amplitude: louder
  • pitch: lower
  • quality: booming
  • ex: increased air, emphysema tympany - ANSWER>>-percussion sound
  • amplitude: loud
  • pitch: high
  • quality: musical or drum-like
  • ex: air-filled viscus (stomach), over abdomen dull - ANSWER>>-percussion sound
  • amplitude: soft
  • pitch: high
  • quality: muffled thud
  • ex: dense organ (liver) flat - ANSWER>>-percussion sound
  • amplitude: very soft
  • pitch: high
  • quality: dull
  • ex: no air present: muscle, bone, tumor auscultation - ANSWER>>-physical assessment technique
  • listening for sounds produced by the body
  • heart sounds
  • lung sounds
  • abdomen
  • stethoscope 37 C (98.6 F) (with a range of 35.8 C to 37.3 C or 96.4 F to 99.1 F) - ANSWER>>What is the normal oral temperature in a resting person? 120/80 - ANSWER>>What is normal blood pressure? 60 - 100 - ANSWER>>What is normal pulse for an adult? 12 - 20 - ANSWER>>What is the normal respirations range? full, bounding pulse - ANSWER>>-3+
  • signifies increased stroke volume, as with anxiety, exercise, and some abnormal conditions weak, thready pulse - ANSWER>>-1+
  • reflects a decreased stroke volume
  • ex: hemorrhagic shock characteristics, onset, location, duration, severity, pattern, associated symptoms - ANSWER>>What does COLDSPA stand for? (pain assessment tool) pattern (or provokes, palliation--what makes it worse/better), quality (describe the pain), radiate, severity, timing - ANSWER>>What does PQRST stand for? (pain assessment tool) CN I (olfactory) - ANSWER>>-cranial nerve
  • sensory
  • smell
  • parasympathetic: parotid gland, carotid reflex CN X (vagus) - ANSWER>>-cranial nerve
  • mixed
  • motor: pharynx and larynx (swallowing and talking)
  • sensory: general sensation from carotid body, carotid sinus, pharynx, viscera - parasympathetic: carotid reflex CN XI (spinal accessory) - ANSWER>>-cranial nerve
  • motor
  • movement of trapezius and sternomastoid muscles CN XII (hypoglossal) - ANSWER>>-cranial nerve
  • motor
  • movement of tongue CN I (olfactory) - ANSWER>>-test sense of smell in those who report loss of smell, head trauma, and abnormal mental status, and when presence of intracranial lesion suspected CN II (optic) - ANSWER>>-test visual acuity and visual fields by confrontation
  • using ophthalmoscope, examine ocular fundus to determine color, size, and shape of optic disc CN III, IV, VI (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens) - ANSWER>>-check pupils for size, regularity, equality, direct and consensual light reaction, and accommodation
  • asses extra ocular movements by cardinal positions of gaze (follow my finger) - assess for nystagmus (eyes shake) CN V (trigeminal) - ANSWER>>-motor function: assess muscles of mastication by palpating temporal and master muscles as a person clenches their teeth
  • sensory: with person's eyes closed, test light sensation by touching a cotton wisp to designated areas on person's face: forehead, cheeks, and chin
  • asses corneal reflex if the person has abnormal facial sensations or abnormalities of facial movement - test all 3 divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular CN VII (facial) - ANSWER>>-motor: note mobility and facial symmetry as person smiles, frowns, etc; puff cheeks, press cheeks in to see that air escapes equally
  • sensory: test sense of taste by touching solution of sugar, salt, or lemon juice to tongue and ask person to identify the taste CN VIII (acoustic) - ANSWER>>-test hearing acuity by ability to hear normal conversation and by whispered voice test CN IX and X (glossopharyngeal and vagus) - ANSWER>>-motor function: depress tongue with tongue blade and look at pharyngeal movement as person says "ah" or yawns, uvula and soft palate should rise in midline touch posterior pharyngeal wall with tongue blade, note gag reflex, voice should sound smooth, not strained IX and X (glossopharyngeal and vagus) - ANSWER>>Which cranial nerves test gag and cough? CN XI (spinal accessory) - ANSWER>>-examine sternomastoid and trapezius muscles for equal size
  • check equal strength by asking the person to rotate head against resistance applied to side of chin - ask the person to shrug shoulders against resistance CN XII (hypoglossal) - ANSWER>>-inspect tongue; no wasting or tremors
  • note forward thrust in midline as the person protrudes tongue
  • ask person to say light, tight, dynamite, not that it's clear rapid alternating movements (RAM) - ANSWER>>-cerebellum (coordination)
  • ask the person to pat knees with both hands, lift up, turn hands over, and pat knees with backs of hands; then ask person to do this faster (normally done with equal turning and quick pat)
  • ask person to touch thumb to each finger on same hand, starting with index finger, then reverse direction (finger to finger, finger to nose, heel to shin test) balance test - ANSWER>>-cerebellar function test
  • gait: observe as person walks 10-20 feet, turns, and returns to starting point (smooth, rhythmic, effortless)
  • tandem walking: ask the person to walk straight line in heel-to-toe fashion Romberg Sign - ANSWER>>-cerebellar function test
  • ask the person to stand up with feet together and arms at sides
  • when in stable position, ask person to close eyes and to hold position for about 20 seconds
  • normally the person can maintain posture and balance even with visual orienting information blocked biceps reflex - ANSWER>>-C5 to C

jugulodigastric - ANSWER>> superficial cervical - ANSWER>> deep cervical - ANSWER>> posterior cervical - ANSWER>> supraclavicular - ANSWER>> diagnostic positions test - ANSWER>>-leading patient through 6 cardinal positions of gaze

  • follow movement of penlight going clockwise
  • assess for potential EOM muscle weakness, nystagmus, or lid wag - cranial nerves 3, 4, 6 pupillary light reflex - ANSWER>>-normally, constriction of same-sided pupil (a direct light reflex) and simultaneous constriction of other pupil (a consensual light reflex) accomodation - ANSWER>>-focus on a distant object; pupillary constriction conductive hearing loss - ANSWER>>-hearing loss
  • mechanical dysfunction of external or middle ear
  • from something blocking the ear sensorineural hearing loss - ANSWER>>-hearing loss
  • signifies pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or auditory areas of cerebral cortex - damage to the actual nerve respiration - ANSWER>>-supplies oxygen to body for energy
  • remove carbon dioxide as waste product
  • maintain homeostasis (acid-base balance)
  • maintaining heat exchange tactile (or vocal) fremitus - ANSWER>>-posterior chest
  • using hands to assess for palpable vibrations
  • repetition of phrases by patient (99 or blue moon)

bronchial - ANSWER>>-type of breath sound

  • sometimes called tracheal or tubular
  • harsh, hollow, loud, high-pitched bronchovesicular - ANSWER>>-type of breath sound
  • inspiration = expiration in duration, over major bronchi vesicular - ANSWER>>-type of breath
  • over peripheral fields, low, soft
  • inspiration is greater than expiration in duration crackles - ANSWER>>-discontinuous adventitious lung sound
  • popping rice wheeze - ANSWER>>-continuous adventitious lung sound
  • musical rhonchi - ANSWER>>-continuous adventitious lung sound
  • mucus in there; sounds like a washing machine S1 - ANSWER>>-first heart sound
  • occurs with closure of AV valves (tricuspid and mitral valves)
  • signals beginning of systole (ejection of blood out of the heart) S2 - ANSWER>>-second heart sound
  • occurs with closure of semilunar valves (pulmonic and aortic)
  • signals end of systole; start of diastole
  • aortic component slightly precedes pulmonic component base - ANSWER>>Where is S2 loudest? stridor - ANSWER>>-continous adventitious lung sound
  • high pitched sound with inspiration
  • upper airway is very narrowed; when they take a breath in it sounds like they cannot get oxygen in hypoventilation - ANSWER>>-irregular shallow pattern caused by an overdose of narcotics or anesthetics
    • may also occur with prolonged bedrest or conscious splinting of the chest to avoid respiratory pain

peripheral venous disorders - ANSWER>>-causes symptoms of metabolic waste buildup hemoccult testing - ANSWER>>-if concerned with abdominal bleeding, can check stool for blood (occult or hidden)

  • blue: positive (both sample and control)
  • green: negative birth to 4 months - ANSWER>>-most rapid period of growth in life cycle double, triple - ANSWER>>Infants _________ their birth weight by 4 months and ___________ it by 1 year of age flexion - ANSWER>>bending limb at joint extension - ANSWER>>straightening limb at joint abduction - ANSWER>>moving limb away from midline of body adduction - ANSWER>>moving limb toward body pronation - ANSWER>>turning forearm so that palm is down supination - ANSWER>>turning forearm so that palm is up circumduction - ANSWER>>moving arm in circle around shoulder inversion - ANSWER>>-moving sole of foot inward at ankle eversion - ANSWER>>-moving sole of foot outward at ankle rotation - ANSWER>>-moving head around central axis protraction - ANSWER>>-moving body part forward, parallel to ground retraction - ANSWER>>-moving body part backward, parallel to ground elevation - ANSWER>>raising a body part

depression - ANSWER>>lowering a body part 5 - ANSWER>>-muscle strength

  • full ROM against gravity
  • full resistance
  • normal 4 - ANSWER>>-muscle strength
  • full ROM against gravity
  • some resistance 3 - ANSWER>>-muscle strength
  • full ROM with gravity 2 - ANSWER>>-muscle strength
  • full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive motion) 1 - ANSWER>>-muscle strength
  • slight contraction rheumatoid arthritis - ANSWER>>-inflammatory condition affecting joints - swelling and morning stiffness in the joints (stiffness after periods of rest)
  • symmetric
  • joints have limited ROM
  • chronic RA: flexion contracture with curve like a swan's neck, ulnar drift of the fingers - if you move around/exercise, it gets better osteoarthritis - ANSWER>>-degenerative joint disease
  • hard, non-tender, noninflammatory nodules
  • painful to move hands, but area is not tender
  • localized to area of wear and tear
  • asymmetric
  • painful with use and repetitive movements (mechanical wear and tear)
  • gets worse as you use it gout - ANSWER>>-inflammatory condition
  • full-thickness skin/tissue loss superficial varicose veins - ANSWER>>-peripheral vascular disease in the legs
  • Dilated, tortuous leg veins, superficial (on surface)
  • From obesity or multiple pregnancies
  • Aching, heaviness deep vein thrombosis - ANSWER>>-peripheral vascular disease in the legs
  • DEEP vein is occluded by a thrombus
  • Inflammation, possible cyanosis, warmth, redness, tender topalpation, edema
  • Intense, sharp, deep muscle pain
  • Prolonged bed rest, trauma, infection, obesity, heart failure assess: calf measurements striae - ANSWER>>-stretch marks seen in pregnancy electronic health record - ANSWER>>-Comprehensive record of patient information and relevant clinical data
  • Do not include billing and scheduling systems but focus on patient information.
  • Treat every case as though they may go to court and be extremely objective and careful in documentation! breast - ANSWER>>-composed of glandular tissue, fibrous tissue, and adipose tissue - lobes are embedded in adipose tissue upper outer quadrant - ANSWER>>Where is the site of most breast tumors? central axillary, pectoral (anterior), subscapular (posterior), lateral - ANSWER>>What 4 groups of axillary nodes are associated with the breast exam? colostrum - ANSWER>>-pregnant woman
  • may be expressed after 4th month
  • thick yellow fluid that is a precursor for milk, containing same amount of protein and lactose, but no fat - breasts produce this for first few days after delivery
  • rich in antibodies that protect newborn against infection, so breastfeeding is important menopause - ANSWER>>-time that marks the end of menstrual cycles
  • decrease in vaginal secretions
  • atrophy of the muscles (decrease in hormones)
  • hot flashes
  • mood swings
  • decreased breast size gynecomastia - ANSWER>>-during male adolescence, it is common for breast tissue to temporarily enlarge
  • condition is usually unilateral and temporary
  • may reappear in aging male and be due to testosterone deficiency breast cancer - ANSWER>>-BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation
  • survival varies by stage when diagnosed breast cancer risk factors - ANSWER>>-first degree relative (mom, sister, daughter) that had breast cancer
  • taking hormones longer than 5 years
  • history of early menstruation before 12
  • history of late menopause after age 55 vertical strip pattern - ANSWER>>-What pattern is recommended to detect breast masses? characteristics of lump - ANSWER>>-location (describe distance in cm from nipple)
  • size (judge in cm in 3 dimensions: width, length, and thickness)
  • shape (oval, round, lobulated, or indistinct)
  • consistency (soft, firm, hard)
  • movable
  • distinctness (solitary or multiple)
  • nipple (displaced?)
  • skin over lump (erythematous, dimpled, or retracted)
  • tenderness
  • lymphadenopathy (any lymph nodes palpable) mastitis - ANSWER>>-abnormal finding - inflammatory mass before abscess formation
  • usually in a single quadrant
  • area is red, swollen, tender, very hot and hard
  • may occur during first 4 months of lactation from infection or from plugged duct