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A comprehensive overview of pharmacology and drug therapy, covering key concepts such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug interactions, and therapeutic drug monitoring. It also includes specific considerations for pediatric and geriatric patients, as well as information on alcohol and nicotine use. Well-organized and presents information in a clear and concise manner, making it a valuable resource for healthcare professionals.
Typology: Exams
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Prescriptive |authority |- |correct |answer |-legal |authority |granted |to |advanced |practice |nurses |to |prescribe |medication; |DETERMINED |BY |STATE |LAW Rational |Drug |Selection |- |correct |answer |-based |on |individual |patient |and |addresses |disease |specific |information: |ONLY |A |GUIDELINE Drug |Selection |- |correct |answer |-includes |analysis |of |cost, |guidelines, |avaibalbility, |interactions, |side |effects, |allergies, |hepatic |and |renal |function, |need |for |monitoring, |special |precautions |i.e |elderly medication |education |basic |components |- |correct |answer |-medication |name purpose dosing |regimen administration adverse |effects any |storage |needs associated |labs |testing food |& |drug |interactions duration |of |therapy medication |adherence |- |correct |answer |-barriers |to |adherence= forgetfulness lack |of |planning
cost dissatisfaction altered |dosing Phamacokinetics |- |correct |answer |-study |of |drug |movement |throughout |body principles |of |pharmacokinetics |- |correct |answer |-absorption distribution metabolism excretion Passage |of |drugs |across |membranes |- |correct |answer |-- |channels |and |pores
Distribution |of |drugs |- |correct |answer |-movement |of |drugs |from |systemic |circulation |to |site |of |drug |action factors |that |determine |drug |flow |- |correct |answer |-blood |flow |to |tissues ability |to |exit |vascular |system ability |to |enter |cell Drug |ability |to |exit |vascular |system |- |correct |answer |-capillary |bed- |typical | blood |brain |barreier placenta |drug |transfer protein |binding |- |albumin drug |ability |to |enter |cell |- |correct |answer |-binds |with |receptors |on |external |surface |of |cell |membrane drug |metabolism |- |correct |answer |-the |enzymatic |biotransformation |of |a |drug |structure most |occur |in |liver |by |P450 |system first |pass |effect |- |correct |answer |-rapid |hepatic |inactivation |of |drug |on |its |first |pass |through |liver drug |excretion |- |correct |answer |-elimination |of |a |drug |from |the |body Drug |Excretion |Routes |- |correct |answer |-renal breast |milk
bile lungs sweat saliva therapeutic |drug |range |- |correct |answer |-range |of |drug |between |minimum |effective |dose |and |toxic |dose. |larger |index |- |safer |dose |smaller |index- |harmful |dose drug |half |life |- |correct |answer |-the |time |required |for |the |amount |of |drug |in |the |body |to |decrease |by |50% Phamacodynamics |- |correct |answer |-biochemical |and |physiological |effects |of |drugs |on |body dose-response |relationship |- |correct |answer |-the |relationship |between |the |size |of |an |administered |dose |and |the |intensity |it |produces Drug |selectivity |- |correct |answer |-drug |is |effective |in |intended |use |w/out |harmful |effects |but |causes |undesired |effects |(<BP |but |> |nausea) ease |of |administration |- |correct |answer |-increases |convenience |and |adherence |and |decreases |administration |efforts Drug |affinity |- |correct |answer |-strength |of |attraction |between |a |drug |and |its |receptor
Drug |intrinsic |activity |- |correct |answer |-ability |of |drug |to |activate |receptor |upon |binding. Agonist |- |correct |answer |-everts |effects |by |activating |receptor |sites |; |can |make |process |so |faster |or |slower Antagonist |- |correct |answer |-produce |effects |by |preventing |receptor |activation partial |agonist |- |correct |answer |-has |only |moderate |intrinsic |activity can |act |as |agonist |or |antagonist Drugs |that |do |not |require |receptor |- |correct |answer |-antacids saline |laxatives cheating |agents antiseptics drug |therapeutic |index |- |correct |answer |-measure |of |drug |safety drug-drug |interactions |- |correct |answer |-when |the |effect |of |a |medication |is |changed, |enhanced, |or |diminished |when |taken |with |another |drug; |caution |w/ |OTC, |herbal, |poly |pharmacy, |illicit |drugs Drug-Food |Interactions |- |correct |answer |-occur |when |a |drug |reacts |with |a |food; |grapefruit |juice |major |interaction
adverse |drug |reaction |- |correct |answer |-any |unexpected, |unintended, |undesired, |or |excessive |response |to |a |medication |given |at |therapeutic |dosages |(as |opposed |to |overdose) adverse |drug |reaction |examples |- |correct |answer |-allergic |reaction, |carcinogenic, |teratogenic, |hepatotoxic, |affect |QT |interval ways |to |avoid |adverse |drug |reactions |- |correct |answer |-monitor |liver |and |kidney |function monitor |serum |and |creating |clearance beers |criteria black |box |warning REM's |guideline black |box |warning |- |correct |answer |-strongest |safety |warning |drug |can |have. placental |drug |transfer |- |correct |answer |--all |drugs |can |cross |the |placenta -some |can |cross |more |easily |than |others lipid |soluble-easy others |-not |easy Teratogenesis |and |Stage |of |Development |- |correct |answer |-weeks |3-8 |gross |malformation |- |first |trimester |most |dangerous weeks |9-38 |function |disruption Drug |therapy |and |breast |feeding |- |correct |answer |-take |meds |after |breasfeeding
take |drugs |with |short |half |life Drug |Therapy |in |Pediatric |Patients |- |correct |answer |-Pediatrics |includes |all |patients |under |age | 16 absorption |oral |drug- |pediatric |- |correct |answer |-delayed |gastric |emptying |births |to |(6-8m) decease |acidity |from |birth |to | 2 |years absorption |IM |drug |- |pediatric |- |correct |answer |-slow |and |erratic |b/c |of |low |blood |flow absorption |Transdermal |drug |- |pediatric |- |correct |answer |-rapid |and |complete |bc |striatum |corner |of |infant |skin |is |very |thin, distribution |- |pediatric |- |correct |answer |-drug |easily |assess |blood |brain |barrier | protein |binding |- |amount |of |albumin |is |low metabolism |- |pediatric |- |correct |answer |-hepatic |metabolism |- |begins | 1 |month |after |birth; |mature |by | 1 |year |old |but. |metabolism |elevated |until | 2 |years | may |need |more |frequent |drug |Amin excretion- |pediatric |- |correct |answer |-renal |excretion |low |at |birth, |reaches |adult |levels |by | 1 |year.
adverse |drug |reaction-reaction-pediatric |- |correct |answer |-glucocorticoids- |growth |supression tetracyclines |- |discolored |teet pediatric |dose |determination |- |correct |answer |-child |BSA |X |adult |dosage |/ |1.73m Drug |Therapy |in |Geriatric |Patients |- |correct |answer |-absorption |- |rate |slowed |delayed |gastric |emptying | distribution- |affected |by |decrease |percentage |of |lean |body, |increase |body |fat; |belt |o |store |more |lip |soluble |drugs metabolism |- |rate |decline |w/ |age |d/t |decrease |hepatic |blood |flow excretion |- |decrease |d/t |decline |in |renal |function |USE |CREATININE |CLEARANCE |NOT |SERUM |CREAT Beers |List |- |correct |answer |-a |list |of |drugs |with |high |likelihood |of |causing |adverse |effects |in |older |adults opioid |receptors |- |correct |answer |-Mu, |kappa, |delta Mu |and |kappa |are |most |important |opioid |receptors Mu |opioid |receptor |- |correct |answer |-Stimulation |produces |analgesia, |euphoria, |respiratory |depression |and |sedation kapa |opioid |receptor |- |correct |answer |-stimulation |produces |analgesia, |and |sedation
pure |opiods |- |correct |answer |-activate |both |mu |and |papa |receptor Physician |Dependence |- |correct |answer |-a |state |when |withdrawals |will |happen |if |drug |is |stopped alcohol |physiologic |effects |- |correct |answer |-increase |BP increase |risk |f |heart |failure Increase |bone |density liver |damage gastritis diuretic decrease |sexual |function cancer affect |fetus |- |pregnancy alcohol |metabolism |- |correct |answer |-average |approx | 15 |ml/hr |= | 1 |drink |per |hour alcohol |drug |interactions |- |correct |answer |-NSAIDS CNS |depressants Tylenol BP |meds Vivitrol |(Naltrexone) |- |correct |answer |-decrease |craving |of |alcohol |and |blocks |it's |high
Disulfiram |- |correct |answer |-What |drug |is |used |to |prevent |alcohol |consumption |by |causing |unpleasant |effects nicotine |patch |- |pregnancy |- |correct |answer |-Safer |than |cigarette |smoke drugs |to |quit |smoking |- |correct |answer |-nicotine, |Wellbutrin, |zyban Dextromethorphan |- |correct |answer |-Delsym; |cough |suppressant |OTC |; |abused |by |teenagers |and |adolescent