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Pharmacology Final Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Pharmacy

A collection of multiple-choice questions and answers related to pharmacology, focusing on benzodiazepines and their applications in treating anxiety, insomnia, and other conditions. It covers various aspects of benzodiazepine pharmacology, including their mechanisms of action, side effects, interactions, and clinical uses. The document also includes questions about schizophrenia and its treatment with antipsychotic medications. This resource can be valuable for students studying pharmacology or related healthcare fields.

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2024/2025

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A hospitalized patient who is given on dose of flurazepam continues to show drowsiness the next day. A nursing student asks the nurse the reason for this, because the drug's half- life is only 2 to 3 hours. Which response by the nurse is correct? a. "Benzodiazepines commonly cause residual effects lasting into the day after the dose is given." b. "The patient is having a paradoxical reaction to this medication." c. "This patient must have developed a previous tolerance to benzodiazepines." d. "When this drug is metabolized, the resulting compound has longer-lasting effects." - Correct AnswersWhen this drug is metabolized, the resulting compound has longer-lasting effects A patient who is experiencing alcohol withdrawal is given a benzodiazepine. The nurse understands that this drug is effective because a. the alcohol does not interact with the benzodiazepine. b. the benzodiazepine potentiates alcohol withdrawal symptoms. c. the benzodiazepine relieves muscle spasms and spasticity. d. the patient has a cross-dependence to the benzodiazepine. - Correct Answersthe patient has a cross-dependence to the benzodiazepine A patient takes temazepam [Restoril] for insomnia. The patient tells the nurse that a recent telephone bill lists several calls to friends that the patient does not remember making. What will the nurse do? a. Ask the patient about any alcohol consumption in conjunction with the

benzodiazepine. b. Contact the prescriber to request an order for a benzodiazepine with a shorter duration. c. Reassure the patient that this is most likely caused by a paradoxical reaction to the benzodiazepine. d. Tell the patient that this is an example of anterograde amnesia, which is an expected effect of the benzodiazepine. - Correct AnswersAsk the patient about alcohol consumption in conjunction with the benzodiazepine A patient in the ED is given IV diazepam [Valium] for seizures. When the seizures stop, the nurse notes that the patient is lethargic and confused, and has a RR of 10 breaths per min. The nurse will be expected to administer a. Flumazenil [Romazicon] b. Gastric lavage c. Respiratory support d. Toxicology testing - Correct AnswersRespiratory support A patient who travels frequently for business reports occasional instances of being unable to fall asleep. The patient tells the nurse that job demands require staying up late and then getting up early for meetings. The nurse expects that the provider will prescribe which medication for this patient? a. Flurazepam b. Trazodone [Desyrel] c. Zaleplon [Sonata] d. Zolpidem [Ambien] - Correct AnswersZaleplon [Sonata] A nurse recognizes that the actions of benzodiazepines include which findings? select all that apply

a. Sleep deprivation b. Relief of general anxiety c. Suppression of seizures and/or seizure activity d. Development of tardive dyskinesia e. Increase in muscle spasms - Correct Answersrelief of general anxiety suppression of seizures An agitated, extremely anxious patient is brought to the emergency department. The prescriber orders a benzodiazepine. The nurse understands that benzodiazepines are used in this clinical situation based on which principle? a. Benzodiazepines have a very short half-life. b. Physical dependence is not a risk when taking benzodiazepines. c. Benzodiazepines are known to cure generalized anxiety. d. Benzodiazepines have a rapid onset of action. - Correct AnswersBenzodiazepines have a rapid onset of action A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a patient. The patient reports taking alprazolam [Xanax] for "nerves." The nurse knows that this patient is most likely being treated for which condition? a. Generalized anxiety disorder b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) c. Panic disorder d. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - Correct AnswersGeneralized anxiety disorder A nurse is preparing a patient who will stop taking lorazepam [Ativan] for anxiety and

begin taking buspirone [Buspar]. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? a. "I can drink alcohol when taking Buspar, but not grapefruit juice." b. "I may need to use a sedative medication if I experience insomnia." c. "I may not feel the effects of Buspar for a few weeks." d. "I should stop taking the Ativan when I start taking the Buspar." - Correct AnswersI should stop taking the ativan when i start taking the buspar A patient reports having occasional periods of tremors, palpitations, nausea, and a sense of fear, which usually dissipate within 30 minutes. To treat this condition, the nurse anticipates the provider will prescribe a drug in which drug class? a. Benzodiazepines b. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors c. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors d. Tricyclic antidepressants - Correct AnswersSSRIs A patient describes feelings of anxiety and fear when speaking in front of an audience and is having difficulty at work because of an inability to present information at meetings three or four times each year. The patient is reluctant to take long-term medications. The nurse will expect the provider to order which treatment? a. Alprazolam [Xanax] as needed b. Cognitive behavioral therapy c. Paroxetine [Paxil] d. Psychotherapy - Correct AnswersXanax as needed

A patient is diagnosed with anxiety after describing symptoms of tension, poor concentration, and difficulty sleeping that have persisted for over 6 months. Which medication will the nurse expect the provider to order for this patient? a. Alprazolam [Xanax] b. Amitriptyline [Elavil] c. Buspirone [Buspar] d. Paroxetine [Paxil] - Correct AnswersBuSpar A patient who has been taking alprazolam [Xanax] to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) reports recently stopping the medication after symptoms have improved but reports having feelings of panic and paranoia. Which initial action by the nurse is correct? a. Ask the patient if the medication was stopped abruptly. b. Instruct the patient to resume taking the alprazolam. c. Notify the provider that the patient is experiencing a relapse. d. Suggest that the patient discuss taking buspirone [Buspar] with the provider. - Correct AnswersAsk if the med was abruptly stopped A patient who has obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been undergoing behavioral therapy but continues to exhibit symptoms that interfere with daily life. Which intervention will the nurse expect the provider to order for this patient? a. Alprazolam [Xanax] b. Buspirone [Buspar] c. Deep brain stimulation d. Fluoxetine [Paxil] - Correct AnswersFluoxetine [Paxil]

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are known to be effective for which disorders? select all that apply a. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder c. Panic disorder d. Post-traumatic stress disorder e. Social anxiety disorder - Correct AnswersGeneralized anxiety disorder OCD Panic disorder Social anxiety disorder A patient is taking an FGA for schizophrenia. The nurse notes that the patient has trouble speaking and chewing and observes slow, wormlike movements of the patient's tongue. The nurse recognizes which adverse effect in this patient? a. Acute dystonia b. Akathisia c. Parkinsonism d. Tardive dyskinesia - Correct AnswersTardive dyskinesia A patient with schizophrenia receives a dose of risperidone [Risperdal Consta] IM. The nurse teaching this patient about this medication will make which statement? a. "You will experience therapeutic levels of this drug in 1 to 2 weeks." b. "You will need injections of this drug every 6 weeks." c. "You will need to take an oral antipsychotic drug for 3 weeks." d. "You probably will not have extrapyramidal symptoms with this drug." - Correct AnswersYou will need to take an oral antipsychotic drug for two weeks

A patient in whom drug therapy has failed several times in the past is readmitted to a hospital to begin therapy for schizophrenia. What will the nurse do to help improve adherence? a. Encourage the patient to take responsibility for medication management. b. Teach the patient about drug side effects and how to manage them. c. Tell the patient that an abstinence syndrome will occur if the drug is stopped. d. Tell the patient that the drug may be taken as needed to control symptoms. - Correct AnswersTeach the pt about drug side effects and how to manage them A patient who has diabetes mellitus is diagnosed with schizophrenia and the provider orders thioridazine. The patient asks the nurse why the provider hasn't ordered olanzapine [Zyprexa], which the patient has seen advertised on television. Which response by the nurse is the most important reason that this patient is not receiving olanzapine? a. "Olanzapine is more expensive than thioridazine." b. "Olanzapine causes more metabolic side effects than thioridazine." c. "Thioridazine has fewer side effects than olanzapine." d. "Thioridazine has a faster onset of action than olanzapine." - Correct AnswersOlanzapine causes more metabolic side effects than thioridazine What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.) a. Delusions b. Disordered thinking c. Poor judgment d. Poor self-care e. Poverty of speech - Correct Answerspoor judgement poor self care

poverty of speech A patient taking fluoxetine [Prozac] complains of decreased sexual interest. A prescriber orders a "drug holiday." What teaching by the nurse would best describe a drug holiday? a. "Cut the tablet in half anytime to reduce the dosage." b. "Discontinue the drug for 1 week." c. "Don't take the medication on Friday and Saturday." d. "Take the drug every other day." - Correct AnswersDon't take the medication on friday or saturday A patient is diagnosed with major depression with severe symptoms and begins taking an antidepressant medication. Three weeks after beginning therapy, the patient tells the nurse that the drug is not working. The nurse will counsel this patient to ask the provider about: a. adding a second medication to complement this drug. b. changing the medication to one in a different drug class. c. increasing the dose of this medication. d. using nondrug therapies to augment the medication. - Correct Answersusing nondrug therapies to augment the medication A young adult patient has been taking an antidepressant medication for several weeks and reports having increased thoughts of suicide. The nurse questions further and learns that the patient has attempted suicide more than once in the past. The patient identifies a concrete plan for committing suicide. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss: a. changing the medication to another drug class. b. discontinuing the medication immediately.

c. hospitalizing the patient for closer monitoring. d. requiring more frequent clinic visits for this patient. - Correct Answershospitalizing the patient for closer monitoring A patient has been taking fluoxetine [Prozac] for 2 years and reports feeling cured of depression. The nurse learns that the patient is sleeping well, participates in usual activities, and feels upbeat and energetic most of the time. The patient's weight has returned to normal. The patient reports last having symptoms of depression at least 9 months ago. What will the nurse tell this patient? a. Indefinite drug therapy is necessary to maintain remission. b. Discuss gradual withdrawal of the medication with the provider. c. Stop the drug while remaining alert for the return of symptoms. d. Take a drug holiday to see whether symptoms recur. - Correct Answersdiscuss gradual withdrawal with the provider A provider has indicated that a serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) will be prescribed for a patient who is experiencing major depression. When conducting a pretreatment health history, the nurse learns that the patient has a recent history of alcohol abuse. Which SNRI would be contraindicated for this patient? a. Desvenlafaxine [Pristiq] b. Duloxetine [Cymbalta] c. Escitalopram [Lexapro] d. Venlafaxine [Effexor SR] - Correct Answers[cymbalta]

A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Which statement by a student indicates a need for further teaching? a. "TCAs block receptors for histamine, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine." b. "TCAs block the uptake of norepinephrine and 5 - HT." c. "TCAs have many side effects, but none of them are serious." d. "TCAs have other uses than for depression." - Correct AnswersTCAs may have side effects but none of them are serious A patient who has fibromyalgia is diagnosed with major depression. The provider orders a TCA. The nurse will teach this patient to: a. avoid foods containing tyrosine. b. consume alcohol in moderation. c. sit or lie down when feeling lightheaded. d. take the medication in the morning. - Correct Answerssit or lie down when feeling lightheaded A patient taking an MAOI is seen in the clinic with a blood pressure of 170/96 mm Hg. a. Whether any antihypertensive medications are used b. Whether the patient drinks grapefruit juice c. To list all foods eaten that day d. Whether SSRIs are taken in addition to the MAOI - Correct Answersto list all of the foods they're eaten that day A patient who has been taking an SSRI tells the nurse that the drug has caused reduced sexual performance, weight gain, and sedation. The nurse will suggest that the patient ask the provider about using which drug? a. Bupropion [Wellbutrin]

b. Imipramine [Tofranil] c. Isocarboxazid [Marplan] d. Trazodone [Oleptro] - Correct Answersbupropion [wellbutrin] A patient with bipolar disorder has frequent manic episodes alternating with depressive episodes. The prescriber orders risperidone [Risperdal] in addition to the lithium [Lithobid] that the patient is already taking. The patient asks the nurse why another drug is needed. The nurse will tell the patient that the risperidone is used to: a. elevate mood during depressive episodes. b. help control symptoms during manic episodes. c. manage tremors associated with lithium use. d. prevent recurrence of depressive episodes. - Correct AnswersHelp control symptoms during manic episodes The spouse of a patient with bipolar disorder (BPD) tells the nurse that the patient will not stay on the lithium ordered by the provider longer than 1 or 2 months at a time. The nurse understands that adherence to medication regimens in patients with BPD is problematic and will tell the spouse: a. "During manic episodes, many patients don't see the benefit of prophylactic medications." b. "Increased gastrointestinal side effects occur over time and reduce compliance." c. "Long-term use of lithium causes memory impairment, causing patients to forget to take their medications."

d. "Patients who are depressed do not want to take their medications." - Correct Answersduring manic episodes, many patients dont see the benefit of prophylactic medications A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a hospitalized patient who has been taking lithium [Lithobid] for 3 days. The patient is complaining of mild nausea and abdominal bloating. The patient's lithium level is 0.8 mEq/L. What will the nurse do? a. Administer the dose and tell the patient that the side effects are temporary. b. Contact the prescriber to request an order for serum electrolytes. c. Hold the dose and notify the prescriber of the patient's lithium level. d. Request an order for amiloride [Midamor]. - Correct AnswersAdminister the dose and tell the patient that the side effects are temporary A patient recently was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The patient, who has a history of seasonal allergies, is an athlete who participates in track. The nurse is teaching the patient about lithium [Lithobid], which the prescriber has just ordered. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching? a. "I can continue to use ibuprofen as needed for muscle pain." b. "I should drink extra fluids before and during exercise." c. "I should not use antihistamines while taking lithium." d. "I should report muscle weakness and tremors to my provider." - Correct AnswersI can continue to use ibuprofen as needed for muscle pain A patient with bipolar disorder who is taking divalproex sodium [Valproate] has just been admitted to the hospital. During the admission assessment, the patient tells the nurse about

recent suicidal ideation. The nurse observes several areas of bruising over soft tissue areas and notes a weight gain of 10 pounds since the last admission 1 year ago. What will the nurse do? a. Ask the patient whether the bruises are self-inflicted. b. Contact the provider to report these findings. c. Give the patient information about weight loss. d. Request an order for an increased dose to help with depressive symptoms. - Correct Answerscontact the provide A patient with bipolar disorder takes lamotrigine [Lamictal]. Which statement by the patient would prompt the nurse to hold the drug and notify the prescriber for further assessment? a. "I get a little dizzy sometimes." b. "I had a headache last week that lasted for about an hour." c. "I've broken out in a rash on my chest and back." d. "Last night I woke up twice with a bad dream." - Correct AnswersI've broken out in a rash on my chest and back A patient is admitted to a hospital for treatment for first-time symptoms of mania and is exhibiting euphoric mania. Which medication will the provider order? a. Lithium [Lithobid] b. Olanzapine [Zyprexa] c. Risperidone [Risperdal] d. Divalproex sodium [Valproate] - Correct AnswersLithium A patient with bipolar disorder who wants to minimize the need for drug therapy asks the nurse what else can be done to treat the disorder. The nurse will recommend which measures?

(Select all that apply.) a. Electroconvulsive therapy b. Moderate use of alcohol to reduce stress c. Psychotherapy d. Regular sleep and exercise e. Using a chart to monitor mood changes - Correct Answerspsychotherapy regular sleep and exercise use a chart to monitor mood changes A patient is brought to the emergency department with shortness of breath, a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute, intercostal retractions, and frothy, pink sputum. The nurse caring for this patient will expect to administer which drug? a. Furosemide [Lasix] b. Hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL] c. Mannitol [Osmitrol] d. Spironolactone [Aldactone] - Correct AnswersFurosemide [Lasix] A patient who is taking digoxin is admitted to the hospital for treatment of congestive heart failure. The prescriber has ordered furosemide [Lasix]. The nurse notes an irregular heart rate of 86 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 130/ mm Hg. The nurse auscultates crackles in both lungs. Which laboratory value causes the nurse the most concern? a. Blood glucose level of 120 mg/dL

b. Oxygen saturation of 90% c. Potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L d. Sodium level of 140 mEq/L - Correct AnswersPotassium level of 3. A patient has 2+ pitting edema of the lower extremities bilaterally. Auscultation of the lungs reveals crackles bilaterally, and the serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. Which diuretic agent ordered by the prescriber should the nurse question? a. Bumetanide [Bumex] b. Furosemide [Lasix] c. Spironolactone [Aldactone] d. Hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL] - Correct Answersspironolactone [aldactone] A nurse preparing to administer morning medications notes that a patient with a history of hypertension has been prescribed spironolactone [Aldactone]. The nurse assesses the patient and notes dyspnea, bilateral crackles, and pitting edema in both feet. Which intervention is appropriate? a. Administer the medications as ordered. b. Ask the patient about the use of salt substitutes. c. Contact the provider to request an order for serum electrolytes. d. Request an order for furosemide [Lasix]. - Correct AnswersRequest an order for lasix A patient with hypertension is taking furosemide [Lasix] for congestive heart failure. The prescriber orders digoxin to help increase cardiac output. What other medication will the nurse expect to be ordered for this patient? a. Bumetanide [Bumex]

b. Chlorothiazide [Diuril] c. Hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL] d. Spironolactone [Aldactone] - Correct Answersspironolactone [aldactone] A patient who was in a motor vehicle accident sustained a severe head injury and is brought into the emergency department. The provider orders intravenous mannitol [Osmitrol]. The nurse knows that this is given to: a. reduce intracranial pressure. b. reduce renal perfusion. c. reduce peripheral edema. d. restore extracellular fluid. - Correct Answersreduce intracranial pressure An older adult patient with congestive heart failure develops crackles in both lungs and pitting edema of all extremities. The physician orders hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL]. Before administering this medication, the nurse reviews the patient's chart. Which laboratory value causes the nurse the most concern? a. Elevated creatinine clearance b. Elevated serum potassium level c. Normal blood glucose level d. Low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol - Correct AnswersElevated creatinine clearance A patient with chronic congestive heart failure has repeated hospitalizations in spite of ongoing treatment with hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL] and digoxin. The prescriber has

ordered spironolactone [Aldactone] to be added to this patient's drug regimen, and the nurse provides education about this medication. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? a. "I can expect improvement within a few hours after taking this drug." b. "I need to stop taking potassium supplements." c. "I should use salt substitutes to prevent toxic side effects." d. "I should watch closely for dehydration." - Correct AnswersI need to stop taking potassium supplements A patient is taking a beta1-adrenergic drug to improve the stroke volume of the heart. The nurse caring for this patient knows that this drug acts by increasing: a. cardiac afterload. b. cardiac preload. c. myocardial contractility. d. venous return. - Correct AnswersMyocardial contractility A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving a drug that causes constriction of arterioles. The nurse expects to observe which effect from this drug? a. Decreased stroke volume b. Increased stroke volume c. Decreased myocardial contractility d. Increased myocardial contractility - Correct Answersdecreased stroke volume A patient with a history of hypertension is admitted for a procedure. If the patient's arterial pressure decreases, which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to see? a. Decreased heart rate

b. Increased heart rate c. Decreased blood pressure d. Syncope - Correct AnswersIncreased HR A patient is taking a drug that interferes with venous constriction. The nurse will tell the patient to: a. ask for assistance when getting out of bed. b. expect bradycardia for a few days. c. notify the provider if headache occurs. d. report shortness of breath. - Correct AnswersAsk for assistance when getting out of bed A patient with hypertension is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The nurse reviewing this patient's chart before administering the medication will be most concerned about which other disease process? a. Bronchial asthma b. Coronary artery disease c. Diabetes mellitus d. Renal artery stenosis - Correct AnswersRenal artery stenosis A nurse administers an ACE inhibitor to a patient who is taking the drug for the first time. What will the nurse do? a. Instruct the patient not to get up without assistance. b. Make sure the patient takes a potassium supplement. c. Report the presence of a dry cough to the prescriber. d. Request an order for a diuretic to counter the side effects of the ACE inhibitor. - Correct AnswersInstruct the patient not to get up without assistance

A patient who has been taking an antihypertensive medication for several years is recovering from a myocardial infarction. The prescriber changes the patient's medication to an ACE inhibitor. The patient asks the nurse why a new drug is necessary. What is the nurse's response? a. "ACE inhibitors can prevent or reverse pathologic changes in the heart's structure." b. "ACE inhibitors help lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol." c. "ACE inhibitors increase venous return to the heart, improving cardiac output." d. "ACE inhibitors regulate electrolytes that affect the cardiac rhythm." - Correct AnswersACE inhibitors can prevent or reverse pathological changes in the heart's structure A patient begins taking an ACE inhibitor and complains of a dry cough. What does the nurse correctly tell the patient about this symptom? a. It indicates that a serious side effect has occurred. b. It is a common side effect that occurs in almost all patients taking the drug. c. It may be uncomfortable enough that the drug will need to be discontinued. d. It occurs frequently in patients taking the drug but will subside over time. - Correct AnswersIt may be uncomfortable enough that the drug will need to be discontinued A provider has ordered captopril [Capoten] for a patient who has hypertension. The patient reports a history of swelling of the tongue and lips after taking enalapril [Vasotec] in the past. Which action by the nurse is correct? a. Administer the captopril and monitor for adverse effects. b. Hold the dose and notify the provider. c. Request an order to administer fosinopril instead of captopril.

d. Reassure the patient that this is not a serious side effect. - Correct Answershold the dose and notify the provider A nurse is reviewing a patient's medications before administration. Which drug-to-drug interactions will most concern the nurse in a patient with a history of heart failure and a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L? a. Furosemide [Lasix] and enalapril [Vasotec] b. Amlodipine [Norvasc] and spironolactone [Aldactone] c. Captopril [Capoten] and spironolactone [Aldactone] d. Metoprolol [Lopressor] and furosemide [Lasix] - Correct AnswersCatopril and Aldactone A patient who is taking furosemide [Lasix] and digoxin will begin taking captopril [Capoten]. The nurse is providing information about the drug. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? a. "I can use acetaminophen for analgesia if needed." b. "I should stop taking the Lasix about a week before starting the Capoten." c. "I should take this medication on a full stomach." d. "I will need to have blood tests done every 2 weeks for a few months." - Correct AnswersI should take this medication on a full stomach A patient who stops taking an ACE inhibitor because of its side effects will begin taking an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) medication. Which side effect of ACE inhibitors will not occur with an ARB medication? a. Angioedema b. Cough

c. Hyperkalemia d. Renal failure - Correct AnswersHyperkalemia A female patient taking an ACE inhibitor learns that she is pregnant. What will the nurse tell this patient? a. The fetus most likely will have serious congenital defects. b. The fetus must be monitored closely while the patient is taking this drug. c. The patient's prescriber probably will change her medication to an ARB. d. The patient should stop taking the medication and contact her provider immediately. - Correct Answersthe patient should stop taking the medication and contact her provider immediately A nurse is administering a vasodilator that dilates resistance vessels. The nurse understands that this drug will have which effect on the patient? a. Decreased cardiac preload b. Decreased cardiac output c. Increased tissue perfusion d. Increased ventricular contraction - Correct AnswersIncreased tissue perfusion A patient is taking a vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscles in veins. To help minimize drug side effects, the nurse caring for this patient will: a. caution the patient not to get up abruptly. b. encourage the patient to increase fluid intake. c. tell the patient to report shortness of breath. d. warn the patient about the possibility of bradycardia. - Correct AnswersCaution the patient not get get up abruptly A female patient with essential hypertension is being treated with hydralazine 25 mg

twice daily. The nurse assesses the patient and notes a heart rate of 96 beats per minute and a blood pressure of 110/72 mm Hg. The nurse will request an order to: a. administer a beta blocker. b. administer a drug that dilates veins. c. reduce the dose of hydralazine. d. give the patient a diuretic. - Correct Answersadminister a beta blocker A patient has had blood pressures of 150/95 mm Hg and 148/90 mm Hg on two separate office visits. The patient reports a blood pressure of 145/92 mm Hg taken in an ambulatory setting. The patient's diagnostic tests are all normal. The nurse will expect this patient's provider to order: a. a beta blocker. b. a loop diuretic and spironolactone. c. a thiazide diuretic. d. counseling on lifestyle changes. - Correct Answersthiazide diuretic A patient with diabetes develops hypertension. The nurse will anticipate administering which type of medication to treat hypertension in this patient? a. ACE inhibitors b. Beta blockers c. Direct-acting vasodilators d. Thiazide diuretics - Correct AnswersACE inhibitor A nurse checks a patient's vital signs in the hospital and notes a blood pressure of 146/98 mm Hg. What will the nurse do? a. Instruct the patient to consume a low-sodium diet.

b. Prepare the patient for an electrocardiogram and blood tests. c. Recheck the patient's blood pressure in the other arm. d. Request an order for a thiazide diuretic. - Correct AnswersRecheck the BP on the other arm A patient who does not consume alcohol or nicotine products reports a strong family history of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The patient has a blood pressure of 126/82 and a normal weight and body mass index for height and age. The nurse will expect to teach this patient about: a. ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blocker medications. b. the DASH diet, sodium restriction, and exercise. c. increased calcium and potassium supplements. d. thiazide diuretics and lifestyle changes. - Correct Answersthe DASH diet, sodium restriction and exercise A patient has been taking chlorthalidone to treat hypertension. The patient's prescriber has just ordered the addition of spironolactone to the patient's drug regimen. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? a. "I should continue following the DASH diet when adding this drug." b. "I should not take an ACE inhibitor when adding this drug." c. "I will need to take potassium supplements when adding this drug." d. "I will not experience a significant increase in diuresis when adding this drug." - Correct AnswersI will need to take a potassium supplement when adding this drug A nurse is discussing how beta blockers work to decrease blood pressure with a nursing student. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

a. "Beta blockers block the actions of angiotensin II." b. "Beta blockers decrease heart rate and contractility." c. "Beta blockers decrease peripheral vascular resistance." d. "Beta blockers decrease the release of renin." - Correct Answersbeta blockers block the actions of angiotensin II A patient with hypertension will begin taking an alpha1 blocker. What will the nurse teach this patient? a. A persistent cough is a known side effect of this drug. b. Eat foods rich in potassium while taking this drug. c. Move slowly from sitting to standing when taking this drug. d. Report shortness of breath while taking this drug. - Correct Answersmove slowly from sitting to standing when taking this drug A nurse has provided education for a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension who is just beginning therapy with antihypertensive medications. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? a. "I may experience serious long-term problems even if I am not having symptoms." b. "I should report side effects to the provider since other drugs may be substituted." c. "I will need to take medications on a long-term basis." d. "When my symptoms subside, I may discontinue the medications." - Correct Answerswhen my symptoms subside i may discontinue the meds A 60 - year-old African American patient has a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg and

reports a family history of hypertension. The patient has a body mass index of 22.3. The patient reports consuming alcohol occasionally. Which therapeutic lifestyle change will the nurse expect to teach this patient? a. Alcohol cessation b. Potassium supplementation c. Sodium restriction d. Weight loss - Correct Answerssodium restriction A patient is taking enalapril [Vasotec]. The nurse understands that patients taking this type of drug for heart failure need to be monitored carefully for: a. hypernatremia. b. hypertension. c. hyperkalemia. d. hypokalemia. - Correct AnswersHyperkalemia A nurse is discussing heart failure with a group of nursing students. Which statement by a student reflects an understanding of how compensatory mechanisms can compound existing problems in patients with heart failure? a. "An increase in arteriolar tone to improve tissue perfusion can decrease resistance." b. "An increase in contractility to increase cardiac output can cause pulmonary edema." c. "When the heart rate increases to increase cardiac output, it can prevent adequate filling of the ventricles." d. "When venous tone increases to increase ventricular filling, an increase in arterial