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Pharmacology Review with Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

A comprehensive review of pharmacology, covering key topics such as the nursing process, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and the classification and therapeutic uses of various drug categories. It includes a series of questions and verified answers, making it a valuable resource for students and healthcare professionals. A wide range of pharmacological concepts, including generic vs. Trade drugs, drug metabolism, therapeutic ranges, adverse effects, and the influence of factors like age and body composition on medication response. It also delves into specific drug classes, such as muscle relaxants, opioids, nsaids, antihistamines, laxatives, and anesthetics, providing detailed information on their mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects. This document could be particularly useful for nursing students or healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their pharmacological knowledge and prepare for exams or clinical practice.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 09/30/2024

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Download Pharmacology Review with Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NSG124 (NEW 2024/ 2025 Update) Pharmacology | Review with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct/ GRADED A+ What are the 5 steps of the nursing process? - ANSWER assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation Generic or Trade? Nonproprietary, not capitalized, suffixes, only 1 name - ANSWER Generic Generic or Trade? Proprietary, capitalized, marketing name, multiple names - ANSWER Trade What are the 4 parts of the pharmacokinetics processes? - ANSWER Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion Half life - ANSWER length of time required for half of the medication to leave the body Is it better to have a narrow or wide therapeutic range? - ANSWER Wide Therapeutic index - ANSWER the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug drug-drug interactions - ANSWER when one drug changes the way another drug affects the body Minimizing Adverse Drug-Drug Interactions - ANSWER Minimize number of drugs a patient receives. Take a thorough drug history. Be aware of the possibility of illicit drug use. Adjust the dosage when metabolizing inducers are added or deleted. Adjust the timing of administration to minimize interference with absorption. Monitor for early signs of toxicity. Be especially vigilant when patient is taking a drug with a low therapeutic index. Adverse Reactions - ANSWER undesirable drug effect Side effect - ANSWER the secondary effect of a drug that is unintended Toxicity - ANSWER adverse drug reaction caused by excessive dosing Allergic reaction - ANSWER immune response caused by hypersensitivity not dosage Idiosyncratic effect - ANSWER an uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition Paradoxical effect - ANSWER the opposite of the intended drug response Iatrogenic disease - ANSWER condition caused by medical treatment Physical dependence - ANSWER a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued Cacinogenic effect - ANSWER cancer causing Teratogenic - ANSWER ability to cause birth defects or fetal death Rheumatoid Arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout Dysmenorrhea NSAIDs adverse effects - ANSWER heartburn to severe GI bleeding Acute renal failure Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema Increased risk of MI and stroke Hepatotoxicity Second generation NSAIDs - ANSWER blocks only COX-2 receptors First generation NSAIDs - ANSWER blocks COX-1 and COX-2 receptors diphenhydramine (Benadryl) therapeutic use - ANSWER used to treat allergies and motion sickness (first gen H1 antagonist) fexofenadine (Allegra) therapeutic use - ANSWER used to treat allergies or excessive stomach acide (second gen H1 antagonist) First generation H1 antagonist mechanism of action - ANSWER blocks H1 receptor but also block CNS receptors causing sedating effect Second generation H1 antagonist mechanism of action - ANSWER blocks histamine receptors, but is more selective causing less sedative properties What drugs are considered NSAIDs? - ANSWER aspirin, ibuproen (Advil, Motrin), celecoxib (Celebrex) acetaminophen (mechanism of action) - ANSWER Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS acetaminophen (adverse effects) - ANSWER hepatotoxicity, nausea/ vomiting, abdominal pain acetaminophen (Tylenol) (therapeutic use) - ANSWER Analgesia for mild to moderate pain Fever reduction Does not have anti-inflammatory properties Signs of acute toxicity acetaminophen - ANSWER nausea/vomiting, confusion, hypotension, jaundice, liver & kidney failure What drugs are considered glucocorticoids? - ANSWER hydrocortisone, prednisone (Deltasone) hydrocortisone (therapeutic use) - ANSWER allergies, reduces itchiness, redness, and swelling prednisone (Deltasone) therapeutic use - ANSWER controls inflammation of joints and organs What drugs are used for allergic rhinitis, cough & colds? - ANSWER beclomethasone, azelastine (Astelin), loratadine (Claritin), phenylephrine, dextromethorphan What kinds of medications are used to treat colds and allergies? - ANSWER Glucocorticoids, nasal decongestants, cough meds, analgesics, antihistamines, caffeine What drugs are considered laxatives? - ANSWER psyllium (Metamucil), docusate sodium (Colace), bisacodyl (Dulcolax), magnesium hydroxide (Miralax) Bulk forming laxatives MOA - ANSWER absorbs water to increase bulk and weight of stool psyllium (Metamucil) Surfactant laxatives MOA - ANSWER stool softener; detergent action allows water and fat to penetrate the stool, making it softer and easier to eliminate Stimulant laxatives MOA - ANSWER increases peristalsis via intestinal nerve stimulation bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Osmotic laxatives MOA - ANSWER increase water content, but not bulk of stool magnesium hydroxide (Miralax) What medications are used for irritable and inflammatory bowel? - ANSWER dicyclomine, psyllium, loperamide, elavil, sulfasalazine Antiemetics MOA - ANSWER Most work by blocking one of the vomiting pathways Antidiarrheals MOA - ANSWER decreases motility, causing more water to be absorbed by large intestine What drugs are considered antiemetics, motions sickness drugs, & antidiarrheals? - ANSWER ondansetron (Zofran), dexamethazone, aprepitant (Emend), prochlorerazine (Compazine), diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Local anesthetics MOA - ANSWER block sodium channels General anesthetics MOA - ANSWER produces unconsciousness and lack of response to painful stimulus What kind of anesthetic is used with vasoconstrictors? - ANSWER local What is peptic ulcer disease? - ANSWER An abrasion of the stomach or small intestine. What drugs are used to treat peptic ulcer disease? - ANSWER famatodine (Pepcid), omeprazole (Prilosec), sucralfate (Carafate), aluminum hydroxide What do PPIs do? - ANSWER decrease stomach secretions