Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice Nurse Prescribers: Questions and Answers, Exams of Pharmacology

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Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced

Practice Nurse Prescribers. Questions

and Verified Answers 2025. Graded A

Actions taken to reduce drug—drug interaction problems include all of the following EXCEPT:

1. Reducing the dosage of one of the drugs
2. Scheduling their administration at different times
3. Prescribing a third drug to counteract the adverse reaction of the combination
4. Reducing the dosage of both drugs - ANSPrescribing a third drug to counteract the adverse reaction of the combination An example of a first-dose reaction that may occur includes:

1. Orthostatic hypotension that does not occur with repeated doses
2. Purple glove syndrome with phenytoin use
3. Hemolytic anemia from ceftriaxone use
4. Contact dermatitis from neomycin use - ANSOrthostatic hypotension that does not occur with repeated doses Are drugs that are disgnedated Schedule II by the DEA refillable - ANSNo. A new prescription needs to be written Are there known drug reactions with Beclomethasone (QVAR) - ANSNo

Azithromycin doing requires that the first day's doing be twice those of the other four day; This is considered a loading does. What is a loading dose? - ANSRapidly actives drug levels in the therapeutic range Based on the patients below, who is at high risk for experiencing an adverse drug reaction?

1. 32-year old male
2. 22- year told female
3. 3 month old female 4)48 year old male - ANS3 month old Cost-effectiveness analysis compares two or more treatments or programs that are: - ANSnot necessarily therapeutically equivalent Digoxin levels need to be monitored closely when the following medication is started:

1. Loratadine
2. Diphenhydramine
3. Ipratropium
4. Albuterol - ANSAlbuterol Digoxin may cause a type A adverse drug reaction due to:
5. Idiosyncratic effects
6. Its narrow therapeutic index
7. Being a teratogen
8. Being a carcinogen - ANSIts narrow therapeutic index

Drugs that use CYP 3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism may? - ANSInduced and inhibit the metabolism of another drug Factors that affect gastric drug absorption include - ANSLipid solubility of the drug How often should Beclomethasone be used for someone with asthma? - ANSDaily If neutropenia occurs after the use of a topical medication, what type of reaction is neutropenia characterized as - ANSCytotoxic hypersensitivyt reaction In deciding which of multiple drugs used to treat a condition, the NPO chooses Drug A because it:

1. Has serious side effects and it is being used for a life-threatening condition
2. Will be taken twice daily and will be taken at home
3. Is expensive, but covered by health insurance
4. Non of these are important in choosing a drug - ANSWill be taken twice daily and will be taken at home In what populations should cough and cold medicines that contain sympathomimetic decongestion be used cautiously? - ANSOlder adults, infects, and hypertensive patients

Indirect costs associated with drug therapy include? - ANSLoss of wages while undergoing drug therapy Is off-label prescribing legal? - ANSyes if there is scientific evidence for the use Life-style management for those taking theophylline. - ANSself-monitoring of respiratory status w. peak flowmeter; stop smoking; voice environmental triggers for asthma LTBA's received a black box warning due to? - ANSincreased risk of asthma related deaths Medroxyprogesterone (Depo Provera) is prescribed IM to create storage reservoir of the drug. What are storage reserviors> - ANSIncreased the length of time a drug is available and active NP's thrive under the new health-care reform because of what? - ANSNP's have the ability to control care cost and improve patient outcome Nurse practitioner prescriptive authority is regulated by who? - ANSThe State Board of Nursing for Each State Nutritional intake and lab results reflect hypoalbuminemia; why is this important for prescribers? - ANSThe Distribution of drugs to target tissues may be affected

The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the first sign of a therapeutic effect is the: - ANSOnset of action The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be? - ANSLungs The therapeutic goals when prescribing include - ANScurative, palliative, and preventative The type of adverse drug reaction that is idiosyncratic when a drug is given in the usual therapeutic dose is type - ANSType B The Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System is - ANSA voluntary reporting system that healthcare providers or consumers may use to report vaccine adverse events Treatment goals in prescribing should: - ANSbe patient-centered Under new U.S. FDA labeling, Pregnancy Categories will be: - ANSChanged to incorporate a pregnancy risk summary and clinical considerations on the drug label US FDA MedWatch system is activated when: - ANSAn adverse even or serious problem occurs with a medication that is not already identified on the label

What are some behaviors that predict addition to controlled substances - ANSStealing and borrowing another patients drugs What are some precautions when prescribing a controlled substance? - ANSUsing tamper-proof paper for all prescriptions written for controlled drugs. What are some side effects if montelukast (singular)? - ANSAggression, anxiety, depression, and or suicidal thoughts What are some strategies for prescribers to use to prevent the misuse of controlled prescriptions? - ANSUse a chemical dependency screening tool; fir limit-setting regarding controlled substances; and practicing saying no to deal with patients who are push overs What are the instructions for applying a topical antibiotic or antiviral ointment? - ANSWas hands before and after the application of topical antimicrobials What causes the body to increased the excretion of a drug through the renal system - ANSUnbinding a nonvolatile drug from plasma proteins. What does clinical judgement in prescribing include? - ANSFactoring in the cost of the particular What does the US Drug Enforcement Administration Regulate? - ANSRegisters manufacturers and prescribers of controlled substances

What is approval of the FDA required for? - ANSMedical devices, including artificial joints What is included in the criteria for choosing and effective drug for a disorder? - ANSConsulting nationally recognized guidelines for disease management What is it called when a pharmacoeconomic analysis takes place regarding two similar treatments for a disease? - ANSCost-minimization analysis What is known about the differences between the pharmacokinetics of men and women. - ANSPercentage of fat differs between genders What is pharmacoeconomics? - ANSThe analysis of the cost and consequences of any health-care related treatment or services What is the benefits of having an APRN prescriber? - ANSAPRN's care for patients more holistically and include patients in making decisions regarding their care What is the bronchodilator of choice for those taking propranolol? - ANSIpratropium What is the combination effect when a medication is added to a regimen for a synergistic effect? - ANSGreater than the sum of the effects of each drug individually

What is the first line decongestant for someone who is hypertensive? - ANSNasal Oxymetazoline What is the first line treatment for a 5 year old with a URI? - ANSFluids and symptomatic care What is the first step of the prescribing process according to WHO? - ANSDiagnosis the problem What is the main reason for not crushing a sustained-released. capsule? - ANSIt can cause toxicity What is the period of time called that it takes for a drug too decreased by 50% in the body? - ANSHalf Life What is the purpose of phase I and phase II of metabolism in the liver? - ANSChange drug molecules to a form that an excretory organ can excrete What medication in the follow is mostly absorbed in the intestines rather than the stomach?

1. Sodium bicarb
2. ascorbic acid
3. salicylic acid
4. glucose - ANSSodium Bicarb

What should patient education include when prescribing a medication? - ANSDiscussion on adverse effects of the medication What time of reaction is someone using a corticosteroid at risk for? - ANSType C What type of reaction is anaphylactic shock? - ANSType 1 Reaction; Also known as an immediate hypersensitivity reaction What type of reaction occurs after a medication is used? - ANSType IV When a provider proscribes a less expensive drug what does it increase and how? - ANSCompliance & by decreasing the financial burden set on the patient When and what do prescriptions needs to be written - ANSMedical devices, controlled drugs, and legend drugs When are medications agreements/pain medication contracts recommended? - ANSUniversally for all medications prescribed for chronic pain When determining drug treatment, what should an NP always do? - ANSIndividualize the drug choice for the specific patient When do drugs reach steady state? - ANSAfter four or give half lives

When is an investigational new drug filed with the FDA? - ANSPrior to human testing of any new drug entity When someone asks to explain what a coverage plan means, such as a Medicare plan, what should the NP do? - ANSRefer the patient to a Medicare Specialist at his insurance carrier to explain the benefits of his insurance When the cost of a specific treatment or intervention are calculated and then compared with the dollar value of the benefit received it is referred to as - ANSCost-benefit analysis When two pain medications are given together to treat pain, what kind of drug-to-drug interaction occurs? - ANSAdditive Which of the following statements about bioavailability is true?

1. Bioavailability issues are especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges or sustained-release mechanisms.
2. brands of a drug have the same bioavailability.
3. Drugs that are administered more than once a day have greater bioavailability than drugs given once daily.
4. Combining an active drug with an inert substance does not affect bioavailability. - ANSBioavailability issues are especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutic

Why are infants and babies are a higher risk of adverse drug reactions? - ANSlack of safety and efficacy studies in pediatric populations Why are second generation antihistamines such as Claritin taking for seasonal allergies instead of first generation? - ANSThey are less sedating then first generation antihistamines Why do immunomodulators such as azathioprine cause a delayed reaction (type D reaction) - ANSbecause they are carcinogens Why do prescribers often use liquid medications such as liquid ibuprofen for children? - ANSChildren often able to swallow pills Why is Cephalexin given every 8 hours? What knowledge of the drug does the NP know? - ANSHalf Life