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Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice Nurse Prescribers: Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)Nursing

A series of questions and answers related to pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurse prescribers. It covers various aspects of drug administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions. The questions and answers are designed to help students understand key concepts and principles in this field.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/01/2025

josh1990
josh1990 🇺🇸

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Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice Nurse Prescribers
Questions and Answers Graded A+
1. Nurse practitioner prescriptive authority is regulated by who? - AnswersThe
State Board of Nursing for Each State
2. What is the benefits of having an APRN prescriber? - AnswersAPRN's care for
patients more holistically and include patients in making decisions regarding
their care
3. What does clinical judgement in prescribing include? - AnswersFactoring in the
cost of the particular
4. What is included in the criteria for choosing and effective drug for a disorder? -
AnswersConsulting nationally recognized guidelines for disease management
5. NP's thrive under the new health-care reform because of what? - AnswersNP's
have the ability to control care cost and improve patient outcome
6. Nutritional intake and lab results reflect hypoalbuminemia; why is this important
for prescribers? - AnswersThe Distribution of drugs to target tissues may be
affected
7. Drugs that have an significant first-pass effect what? - Answersthey are rapidly
metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action
8. The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be? - AnswersLungs
9. Medroxyprogesterone (Depo Provera) is prescribed IM to create storage
reservoir of the drug. What are storage reserviors> - AnswersIncreased the
length of time a drug is available and active
10. Why is Cephalexin given every 8 hours? What knowledge of the drug does the
NP know? - AnswersHalf Life
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Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice Nurse Prescribers

Questions and Answers Graded A+

  1. Nurse practitioner prescriptive authority is regulated by who? - AnswersThe State Board of Nursing for Each State
  2. What is the benefits of having an APRN prescriber? - AnswersAPRN's care for patients more holistically and include patients in making decisions regarding their care
  3. What does clinical judgement in prescribing include? - AnswersFactoring in the cost of the particular
  4. What is included in the criteria for choosing and effective drug for a disorder? - AnswersConsulting nationally recognized guidelines for disease management
  5. NP's thrive under the new health-care reform because of what? - AnswersNP's have the ability to control care cost and improve patient outcome
  6. Nutritional intake and lab results reflect hypoalbuminemia; why is this important for prescribers? - AnswersThe Distribution of drugs to target tissues may be affected
  7. Drugs that have an significant first-pass effect what? - Answersthey are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action
  8. The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be? - AnswersLungs
  9. Medroxyprogesterone (Depo Provera) is prescribed IM to create storage reservoir of the drug. What are storage reserviors> - AnswersIncreased the length of time a drug is available and active
  10. Why is Cephalexin given every 8 hours? What knowledge of the drug does the NP know? - AnswersHalf Life
  1. Azithromycin doing requires that the first day's doing be twice those of the other four day; This is considered a loading does. What is a loading dose? - AnswersRapidly actives drug levels in the therapeutic range
  2. The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the first sign of a therapeutic effect is the: - AnswersOnset of action
  3. Phenytoin required that a trough level be drawn. When and why are peak and trough levels are done - AnswersTo determine if a d rug is in the therapeutic range
  4. Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate what property? - AnswersConcentrations will produce an adverse effect
  5. Factors that affect gastric drug absorption include - AnswersLipid solubility of the drug
  6. Drugs that are receptors antagonists, such as beta-blockers, may cause what?
    • AnswersAn exaggerated response if abrupt discontinues
  7. Drug administration via IV:
    1. need to be lipid soluble in order to absorb easily
    2. Begin distribution in the body immediately
    3. Are easily absorbed if they are nonionized
    4. May use pinocytosis to be absorbed - AnswersAre easily absorbed if they are nonionized
  8. What is the combination effect when a medication is added to a regimen for a synergistic effect? - AnswersGreater than the sum of the effects of each drug individually
  9. Which of the following statements about bioavailability is true?
    1. Bioavailability issues are especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges or sustained-release mechanisms.
  1. Actions taken to reduce drug—drug interaction problems include all of the following EXCEPT:
    1. Reducing the dosage of one of the drugs
    2. Scheduling their administration at different times
    3. Prescribing a third drug to counteract the adverse reaction of the combination
    4. Reducing the dosage of both drugs - AnswersPrescribing a third drug to counteract the adverse reaction of the combination
  2. What reduces the inhibition properties of Phase 1 Oxidative reductive process of drug metabolism? - Answers
  3. What is the period of time called that it takes for a drug too decreased by 50% in the body? - AnswersHalf Life
  4. Drug antagonism is best defined as an effect of a drug that:
  5. Leads to major physiological and psychological dependence
  6. Is modified by the concurrent administration of another drug
  7. Cannot be metabolized before another dose is administered
  8. Leads to a decreased physiological response when combined with another drug - AnswersIs modified by the concurrent administration of another drug
  9. What happens when a drug antagonist is given regularly? - AnswersDown regulated the number of specific receptors
  10. What should be included in the education fo those who are prescribed oral enteric coated tables - AnswersTo achieve best effect, take the tablet with at least 8 oz of fluids
  11. What is the main reason for not crushing a sustained-released. capsule? - AnswersIt can cause toxicity
  12. What medication in the follow is mostly absorbed in the intestines rather than the stomach?
    1. Sodium bicarb
  1. ascorbic acid
  2. salicylic acid
  3. glucose - AnswersSodium Bicarb
  1. Which of the following variables is a factor in drug absorption?
    1. The smaller the surface area for absorption, the more rapidly the drug is absorbed.
    2. A rich blood supply to the area of absorption leads to better absorption.
    3. The less soluble the drug, the more easily it is absorbed.
    4. Ionized drugs are easily absorbed across the cell membrane. - AnswersA rich blood supply of the are of absorption leads to better absorption
  2. What is an advantage of prescribing a sublingual medication? - AnswersAbsorbed rapidly
  3. Drugs that use CYP 3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism may? - AnswersInduced and inhibit the metabolism of another drug
  4. When do drugs reach steady state? - AnswersAfter four or give half lives
  5. Ppregulation or hyper sensitization may lead to - AnswersAn exaggerated response if the drug is withdrawn
  6. Why do prescribers often use liquid medications such as liquid ibuprofen for children? - AnswersChildren often able to swallow pills
  7. In deciding which of multiple drugs used to treat a condition, the NPO chooses Drug A because it:
    1. Has serious side effects and it is being used for a life-threatening condition
    2. Will be taken twice daily and will be taken at home
    3. Is expensive, but covered by health insurance
    4. Non of these are important in choosing a drug - AnswersWill be taken twice daily and will be taken at home
  1. What does the US FDA Regulate? - AnswersThe official labeling of all prescriptions and over the counter drugs
  2. What is approval of the FDA required for? - AnswersMedical devices, including artificial joints
  3. When is an investigational new drug filed with the FDA? - AnswersPrior to human testing of any new drug entity
  4. Phase IV clinical trials in the US are also known as - AnswersPostmarketing research trials
  5. Is off-label prescribing legal? - Answersyes if there is scientific evidence for the use
  6. What does the US Drug Enforcement Administration Regulate? - AnswersRegisters manufacturers and prescribers of controlled substances
  7. Are drugs that are disgnedated Schedule II by the DEA refillable - AnswersNo. A new prescription needs to be written
  8. What are some precautions when prescribing a controlled substance? - AnswersUsing tamper-proof paper for all prescriptions written for controlled drugs.
  9. What are some strategies for prescribers to use to prevent the misuse of controlled prescriptions? - AnswersUse a chemical dependency screening tool; fir limit-setting regarding controlled substances; and practicing saying no to deal with patients who are push overs
  10. What are some behaviors that predict addition to controlled substances - AnswersStealing and borrowing another patients drugs
  11. When are medications agreements/pain medication contracts recommended? - AnswersUniversally for all medications prescribed for chronic pain
  1. When and what do prescriptions needs to be written - AnswersMedical devices, controlled drugs, and legend drugs
  2. Based on the patients below, who is at high risk for experiencing an adverse drug reaction?
    1. 32 - year old male
    2. 22 - year told female
    3. 3 month old female
  3. 4)48 year old male - Answers3 month old
  4. Why are infants and babies are a higher risk of adverse drug reactions? - Answerslack of safety and efficacy studies in pediatric populations
  5. Why are elderly at high risk of adverse drug reactions? - AnswersAge-related decrease in renal function
  6. The type of adverse drug reaction that is idiosyncratic when a drug is given in the usual therapeutic dose is type - AnswersType B
  7. Digoxin may cause a type A adverse drug reaction due to:
  8. Idiosyncratic effects
  9. Its narrow therapeutic index
  10. Being a teratogen
  11. Being a carcinogen - AnswersIts narrow therapeutic index
  12. What type of reaction occurs after a medication is used? - AnswersType IV
  13. If neutropenia occurs after the use of a topical medication, what type of reaction is neutropenia characterized as - AnswersCytotoxic hypersensitivyt reaction
  14. What type of reaction is anaphylactic shock? - AnswersType 1 Reaction; Also known as an immediate hypersensitivity reaction
  1. What is it called when a pharmacoeconomic analysis takes place regarding two similar treatments for a disease? - AnswersCost-minimization analysis
  2. Cost-effectiveness analysis compares two or more treatments or programs that are: - Answersnot necessarily therapeutically equivalent
  3. When the cost of a specific treatment or intervention are calculated and then compared with the dollar value of the benefit received it is referred to as - AnswersCost-benefit analysis
  4. What is a two-tiered prescription benefit plan? - AnswersHigher co-pay for brand name drugs than for generic drugs
  5. When a provider proscribes a less expensive drug what does it increase and how? - AnswersCompliance & by decreasing the financial burden set on the patient
  6. When someone asks to explain what a coverage plan means, such as a Medicare plan, what should the NP do? - AnswersRefer the patient to a Medicare Specialist at his insurance carrier to explain the benefits of his insurance
  7. Digoxin levels need to be monitored closely when the following medication is started:
  8. Loratadine
  9. Diphenhydramine
  10. Ipratropium
  11. Albuterol - AnswersAlbuterol
  12. Patients with pheochromocytoma should avoid what class of drug and why? - AnswersBeta- 2 - Agonists as it causes hypertensive crisis
  13. What medications should be use cautiously with African American men with moderate persistent asthma? - AnswersSalmeterol - It is an inhaled long-acting beta agonist; studies showed increase of respiratory and asthma related deaths in African Americans
  1. LTBA's received a black box warning due to? - Answersincreased risk of asthma related deaths
  2. What is the bronchodilator of choice for those taking propranolol? - AnswersIpratropium
  3. Life-style management for those taking theophylline. - Answersself-monitoring of respiratory status w. peak flowmeter; stop smoking; voice environmental triggers for asthma
  4. What does Tiotropium bromide treat (Spiriva)? - AnswersCOPD
  5. the medication is an inhaled anticholinergic
  6. How often should Beclomethasone be used for someone with asthma? - AnswersDaily
  7. What are some side effects if montelukast (singular)? - AnswersAggression, anxiety, depression, and or suicidal thoughts
  8. Who can montelukast be prescribed for? - Answersa child with moderate persistent asthma
  9. Are there known drug reactions with Beclomethasone (QVAR) - AnswersNo
  10. What prescription of the following will someone with acute rhinitis benefit from?
    1. Fluticasone
    2. Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
    3. OTC Cromolyn Nasap Spray (Nasalcrom)
    4. Any of the Above? - AnswersAny of the above
  11. What should be monitor for those who are taking diphenhydramine? - AnswersUrinary retention