Phlebotomy AMCA Test Review 2024 Questions with Answers Latest Update, Exams of Nursing

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Phlebotomy AMCA Test Review 2024 Questions with

Answers Latest Update

1. Whole blood consists of - Correct Answer Mostly water 92%
2. Blood cells responsible for gas exchange - Correct Answer RBC
3. Professional negligence - Correct Answer Malpractice
4. Most important thing to keep in mind during our daily routine as phlebotomist - Correct Answer Confidentiality
5. Which department performs chemical screening tests on urine specimen - Correct Answer Urinalysis
6. Which department monitors warfarin(blood thinner/anticoagulant) therapy - Correct Answer Coagulation
7. Blood cell responsible for immunity and defense - Correct Answer WBC
8. Liquid portion of the blood specimen without an anticoagulant is known as - Correct Answer Serum
9. Sanitation - Correct Answer The scrubbing of instruments with special brushes and detergents.
10. Disinfection - Correct Answer The use of chemical germicides, 1:10 bleach solutions, and alcohol. Equipment is soaked and wiped clean. Kills microorganisms, it is not effective in destroying spores or some viruses.
11. Sterilization - Correct Answer Involves killing all microorganisms, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic. This is often accomplished through use of an autoclave, producing heat sterilization through steam and pressure.
12. Which blood test includes WBC, RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit - Correct Answer CBC
13. Most common blood type - Correct Answer O
14. Petechial - Correct Answer Small, red, smooth, hemorrhagic spots appearing on a patient's skin, which indicates that minute amounts of blood have leaked in the skin epithelium. Caused by applying the tourniquet too tightly.

15. Hemoconcentration - Correct Answer A decrease in the plasma volume with an increased concentration of cells and molecules may be caused by prolonged tourniquet application, or massaging, squeezing, or probing a site.
16. Tourniquet applied for more than 3 min what will become elevated - Correct Answer Potassium
17. Patient Identification cannot be done by - Correct Answer Checking the chart
18. Patient Identification - Correct Answer Ask the patient to state and spell their name and date of birth, Checking their armband.
19. Common venipuncture site area - Correct Answer Antecubital area of the arm
20. When would using a butterfly be beneficial - Correct Answer On a geriatric patient (delicate skin & small veins)
21. Warming the site - Correct Answer Increases blood flow
22. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases by joint inflammation is what specialty - Correct Answer Rheumatology
23. The total amount of blood pumped per minute - Correct Answer Cardiac output (CO)
24. Inflammation of a vein in conjunction with the blood clot - Correct Answer Thrombophlebitis
25. Common route for administration of parenteral (intravenous) medication - Correct Answer Injection
26. Another term for pre filled syringe - Correct Answer Cartridge
27. Common muscle used for intramuscular injection on infant - Correct Answer Vastus lateralis
28. Function of hemoglobin (RBC) - Correct Answer Carry oxygen from lungs and carry carbon dioxide from lung tissue
29. Guides used to monitor all aspects of patient care are called - Correct Answer QA indicators
30. Performing a duty in the same manner of care as someone with the same experience and training - Correct Answer Standard of care

31. A single order that is administered immediately and usually written for emergencies is known as - Correct Answer STAT order
32. Misidentifying a patient while obtaining a blood specimen for transfusion preparation - Correct Answer Negligence
33. A phlebotomy QA procedure - Correct Answer Checking needles for blunt tips and small barbs
34. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test - Correct Answer Inflammation, infectious disease, malignant neoplasms. Results: Males: 0-20 mm/hr, Females: 0-30 mm/hr
35. How to prepare routine blood specimen tubes for transportation to an off site lab - Correct Answer Seal tubes in plastic bag
36. Negligence - Correct Answer A violation of a duty to exercise reasonable skill and care while performing a task
37. Example of negligence - Correct Answer Fails to report significant change in a patient's condition
38. Specimen least likely to require special handling - Correct Answer Cholesterol
39. Critical values are also known as - Correct Answer Panic values (considered life threatening)
40. Pre-analytical error related to specimen storage - Correct Answer Exposure to light to prevent the analyte from breaking down, cooling to slow metabolic process in the specimen, transport at body temperature 37℃ to prevent precipitation or agglutination.
41. Transmission-Based Precautions used for a patient who has measles, tuberculosis, and varicella - Correct Answer Airborne
42. Transmission-Based Precautions used for a patient who has viral diseases: adenovirus, influenza, mumps, Parvovirus 1319, and rubella or bacterial diseases:Pertussis, pneumonia, and Haemophilus influenzae type b - Correct Answer Droplet
43. Transmission-Based Precautions used for someone who has skin infections: Diphtheria and Herpes simplex virus, Enteric infections: Clostridium difficile. Escherichia coli (E. Coil), Shigella, hepatitis A, rotavirus - Correct Answer Contact
44. Recovering from a virus and having antibodies - Correct Answer Immune

45. Hemolysis - Correct Answer This occurs when RBC's are lysed; hemoglobin is released and serum, which is normally straw colored, becomes tinged with pink or red. Caused by drawing blood too quickly into a syringe, excessively or vigorously inverting tubes after collection, and using too small a needle with respect to vein size.
46. The lab abbreviation PT stands for - Correct Answer Prothrombin time
47. How does heparin prevent blood from clotting - Correct Answer By inhibiting thrombin
48. Purpose of an antiglycolytic agent - Correct Answer Preserves glucose
49. A patient with high degree of jaundice - Correct Answer Yellow skin and sclera
50. What is lymphostasis - Correct Answer Obstruction of lymph flow
51. Venous stasis - Correct Answer Stoppage of the normal venous blood flow
52. Hemoconcentration from prolonged tourniquet application increases - Correct Answer Non-filterable analytes
53. Difference between NPO and Fasting - Correct Answer Fasting allows you to drink water while NPO does not
54. The best specimens to use for establishing inpatient reference ranges for blood tests are - Correct Answer Basal state specimens
55. You can use a needle that does not have a safety feature- T/F - Correct Answer False, It must be used with a safety feature
56. Why do we state that a specimen was collected by capillary - Correct Answer Results can vary by specimen source
57. Order of draw - Correct Answer Blood Cultures (yellow), Light Blue, Red, Gold/Tiger, Green, Lavender (Pink), Grey
58. Not a phlebotomist duty - Correct Answer Starting intravenous (IV) lines
59. National organization that sets standards for phlebotomy procedures - Correct Answer CLSI - Clinical Laboratory Science Institute
60. Test of respiratory system - Correct Answer Arterial blood gas (ABG)
61. Receiving chambers of the heart - Correct Answer Atria

62. How is blood type determined? - Correct Answer Whether or not an antigen is present in the red blood cells
63. Antecubital veins - Correct Answer Median cubital (1st choice), cephalic (2nd choice), basilic (last choice)
64. Largest needle size - Correct Answer 18 gauge
65. Smallest needle size - Correct Answer 25 gauge
66. Who regulates the quality of gloves worn while performing phlebotomy procedures - Correct Answer FDA
67. Which department receives light blue tubes - Correct Answer Coagulation
68. Tourniquet on no longer than - Correct Answer 1 minute
69. Release the tourniquet - Correct Answer As soon as the blood is flowing freely.
70. The arm with the IV line should not be used for venipuncture because - Correct Answer The specimen will be diluted with IV fluid.
71. If a blood alcohol is requested - Correct Answer Do not use alcohol for skin cleansing because it may interfere with test results.
72. PKU - Correct Answer A hereditary inability to metabolize phenylalanine
73. Strict skin antisepsis using iodine tincture or chlorhexidine gluconate - Correct Answer Blood cultures
74. "Special" chain of custody is needed for this test - Correct Answer Drug screening
75. Hormone detected in pregnancy - Correct Answer HCG
76. The tube containing heparin (green) is drawn in the middle of - Correct Answer Serum (gold) and EDTA (lavender)
77. Fluid obtained by lumbar puncture - Correct Answer Cerebrospinal
78. A urine C & S is typically ordered to detect - Correct Answer UTI symptoms and must be a mid-stream clean catch specimen.
79. Proper centrifuge operation - Correct Answer Place tubes of equal size and volume opposite one another

80. Blood study that includes examining the blood for It's total number of formed elements and cell morphology - Correct Answer Hematology
81. Type of analysis used when processing blood for blood donor screening and transfusion - Correct Answer Immunohematology
82. Normal value range for hematocrit reading in Females - Correct Answer 37-47%
83. Normal value range for hematocrit reading in Males - Correct Answer 40-52%
84. Blood collected in a vacuum tube with no additive would be used for - Correct Answer Blood chemistries
85. Universal recipient - Correct Answer AB+
86. Commonly used disinfectant in the medical field found to be effective against blood borne pathogens - Correct Answer 1:10% Bleach (Sodium hypochlorite) solution (1 part bleach 9 parts water)
87. Appropriate method for disposing contaminated needles - Correct Answer Place it in biohazard sharps container located in the same room
88. Most important step in achieving medical asepsis - Correct Answer Washing hands
89. Which solution will help prevent the transmission of hepatitis - Correct Answer Household bleach
90. How often should quality control tests be done For procedures performed in office - Correct Answer Daily
91. Organization developed guidelines for universal precautions - Correct Answer CDC
92. According to OSHA medical personnel must wear PPE when they have contact with - Correct Answer Blood or Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM)
93. Reason for bracing hand with needle against patient's skin - Correct Answer To prevent excess needle movement
94. When would a capillary blood sample be diluted with tissue fluid - Correct Answer If the finger is squeezed excessively
95. Most common dermal puncture site on an adult - Correct Answer Ring finger

96. Lowering risk of bruising after venipuncture by - Correct Answer Applying pressure to site
97. After washing hands, putting on PPE, and assembling equipment what should be done - Correct Answer Identify the patient
98. Using a blood pressure cuff as a tourniquet it should be inflated to - Correct Answer 40mmHg
99. A patient's right to refuse a medical procedure - Correct Answer Bill of rights
100. Which color tube will produce serum after being centrifuged - Correct Answer Red, Tiger, Gold
101. Angle for antecubital blood draw - Correct Answer 15-30 degrees
102. Preferred method of draw draw for a hand venipuncture - Correct Answer Butterfly
103. Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs) would be sent to which department? - Correct Answer Coagulation
104. Department in the hospital that is responsible for sterile supplies - Correct Answer Central supply
105. A heel puncture should NOT be performed after what age - Correct Answer 12 months or after walking
106. Tourniquet should be applied how far above site - Correct Answer 3- inches
107. Biopsy tissue would be sent to which department? - Correct Answer Pathology
108. A patient starts to sweat, look pale, and complaining of blurred vision it could be a sign of - Correct Answer Vasovagal syncope (A sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure leading to fainting)
109. PTT (Partial thromboplastin time) and INR (aka Prothrombin Time) - Correct Answer Can be tested bedside using point of care instruments
110. CBC is collected in a lavender tube and analyzed as - Correct Answer Whole blood specimen
111. What carries blood away from the heart? - Correct Answer Arteries

112. What carries blood to the heart? - Correct Answer Veins
113. Fasting glucose normal range - Correct Answer 74-100 mg/dL
114. Sodium (Na+) Normal range - Correct Answer 136-145 mEq/L
115. Potassium (K+) Normal range - Correct Answer Males: 3.5-4.5 mEq/L Females: 3.4 - 4.4 mEq/L
116. The substance inside a serum separator tube is called - Correct Answer Thixotropic Gel
117. ESR test is collected in what tube? - Correct Answer Lavender
118. What tube is used when testing for aluminum? - Correct Answer Royal blue
119. A sharps container should be replaced when how full? - Correct Answer 3/
120. 3-hour GTT - Correct Answer Draw 4 tubes (Fasting, 1 hr, 2 hr, and 3 hr) and it is used to diagnose hyperglycemia.
121. 1-hour GTT is used to diagnose - Correct Answer Gestational Diabetes
122. 2-Hr GTT - Correct Answer Draw 3 tubes (Fasting, 1 hr, and 2 hr) and it is used to diagnose Gestational Diabetes
123. 5-Hr GTT - Correct Answer Draw 6 tubes (Fasting, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, and 5 hr) and it is used to diagnose hypoglycemia
124. 2-hour Post Prandial Glucose (Post Prandial, or PP, means after a meal.)

- **Correct Answer** This is used to test for diabetes mellitus. A fasting glucose level is compared to a glucose specimen that is collected 2 hours after the patient eats a meal. 

125. Standard time for SST to sit before being centrifuged - Correct Answer 30 minutes
126. After ___ unsuccessful attempts at obtaining a good blood sample, you should seek assistance from your supervisor or the doctor. - Correct Answer 2
127. A female patient should produce at least _____ ml of urine for a STD test - Correct Answer 20-

128. Thyroid and HCG tests would be sent to which department? - Correct Answer Chemistry
129. Position which includes patient laying on their back with their head and torso raised between 15-45 degrees - Correct Answer Semi Fowler
130. Sputum samples are typically collected from what secretions - Correct Answer Mucus or phlegm that is ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs through deep coughing for diagnosis or monitoring of lower respiratory tract infections.
131. QNS - Correct Answer Quantity non-sufficient
132. FBS - Correct Answer Fasting blood sugar
133. Max time serum can sit out - Correct Answer 2 hours
134. Tube color to use for Hepatic (liver) function panel (ALT, albumin, alkaline phosphates, AST, total bilirubin, total protein) - Correct Answer Red
135. What color tube for serum pregnancy HCG test - Correct Answer Red
136. Can you over or under fill a light blue tube - Correct Answer No, it needs to be a 9:1 ratio
137. CPR on adult - Correct Answer 30 Compressions; 2 Breaths
138. What color tube for thyroid testing - Correct Answer Tiger top/ red
139. How to differentiate patients with the same last name - Correct Answer Accession number
140. Where do we get sterile supplies from - Correct Answer Central supply
141. If an EDTA tube is drawn before the red, gold, or green topped tube - Correct Answer The Potassium (K) and sodium (Na) electrolyte determinations may be falsely elevated and the calcium determinations may be falsely decreased.
142. Biopsy goes to what department? - Correct Answer Pathology
143. Who sets standards for electronic health care? - Correct Answer HIPAA
144. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - Correct Answer U.S. federal law that protects security, privacy, and confidentiality of personal electronic or other health information.

145. Department for CBC - Correct Answer Hematology
146. Blood collected in a vacuum tube with EDTA would be used for - Correct Answer Hematology tests
147. Electrolyte panel - Correct Answer Sodium, potassium, chloride, and CO
148. What can remain on surfaces if not properly cleaned/disinfected? - Correct Answer Hepatitis B (at least 7 days-CDC) and HPV
149. TB testing procedure - Correct Answer Clean surface of patient's forearm with alcohol. Administered using an automatic device or inject 0.1 mL of antigen using a tuberculin syringe at 15 degrees just under the skin. Schedule a return visit 48-72 hours to interpret any skin reaction.
150. Adding too little blood to a light blue sodium citrate tube can cause what? - Correct Answer Prolonged clotting times
151. Adding too much blood to a light blue sodium citrate tube can cause what?

- **Correct Answer** Shorter clotting time 

152. Patients who have undergone a mastectomy - Correct Answer Surgical removal of the breast often have lymphedema (swelling caused by lymph accumulation in the tissues) on the side of the surgery because of lymph node removal. Do not draw blood or use a blood pressure cuff on that side.
153. Immediately after an exposure incident (needlestick or splashed), the employee must - Correct Answer Decontaminate the needlestick site or flush the exposed mucous membrane site for 15 minutes, report the incident and undergo medical evaluation.
154. Standard Precautions - Correct Answer Reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms. Guidelines apply to all patients and all body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes and include the use of personal protective equipment - PPE (gloves, gowns, lab coat, mask.), hand hygiene, and proper use and disposal of needles and other sharps.
155. Accession number (accessing) - Correct Answer Term sometimes used for the laboratory-generated unique identification number assigned to blood specimens after blood collection. It enables careful tracking of multiple specimens from the same patient in the laboratory.
156. Lipemic specimen - Correct Answer Is cloudy and milky, which indicates a high level of lipids (fat) in the blood.

157. Universal Precautions - Correct Answer An infection control concept of blood-borne disease control, requiring that all human blood and other potentially infectious materials be treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, HCV, or other blood-borne pathogens, regardless of the perceived risk.
158. Blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) - Correct Answer Pathogenic microorganisms, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),Ebola virus, and Ebola virus that if present in blood, can cause disease in humans.
159. Hematoma - Correct Answer Occurs when blood is leaking into the surrounding tissues. Caused by advancing the needle too far or at the wrong angle, causing it to go through the vein, by failing to apply appropriate pressure after needle withdrawal, or by bending the arm at the antecubital area after needle withdrawal, and removing the needle before removing the tourniquet
160. Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act - Correct Answer Enforced by the HHS Office for Civil Rights (OCR). Increased the enforcement of the privacy and security of electronic transmission and health information, made business associates directly liable for compliance with HIPAA, prohibited the sale of PHI without the patient's authorization.and created a tiered violation categories: unknowing, reasonable cause, willful neglect-corrected, and willful neglect-uncorrected.
161. Bleeding Time Test (BT) - Correct Answer Performed on the forearm and uses a blood pressure cuff inflated to 40 mm Hg. Phlebotomist will use an automated incision device to puncture skin and will use filter paper to blot the blood drops. This is a timed test, and the phlebotomist will blot blood every 30 seconds until the patient stops bleeding.
162. Medications that can cause excessive bleeding - Correct Answer Aspirin, heparin, warfarin (Coumadin).
163. Fingernails - Correct Answer Do not wear artificial nails or extenders when collecting blood from patients in high-risk hospital areas (e.g., intensive care unit, premature nursery). Keep natural fingernails less than 1/4-inch long.
164. Defamation - Correct Answer Is injuring a person's name and reputation by making false statements to a third person.
165. Libel - Correct Answer Making false statements in print, writing, or through pictures.
166. Slander - Correct Answer Making false statements orally.

167. Invasion of privacy - Correct Answer Violating a person's right not to have his or her private affairs exposed.
168. Fraud - Correct Answer Saying or doing something to trick, fool, or deceive a person.
169. Assault - Correct Answer Intentionally attempting to touch or threaten a person's body without their consent.
170. Battery - Correct Answer Touching a person's body without their consent.
171. Informed consent - Correct Answer When the person clearly understands what is going to be done.
172. Implied consent - Correct Answer Occurs when the patient's nonverbal behavior indicates agreement.
173. Collapsed vein - Correct Answer Too strong of a vacuum on a small vein may cause the vein to collapse. To prevent this from occurring, use smaller tubes if possible, or when using the syringe system, pull the plunger gently and slowly.
174. Using a heating pad can increase blood flow by ___ times - Correct Answer 7
175. A heating pad can only stay on site for ___ minutes - Correct Answer 3-
176. Tests that require chilling by the use of an ice water slurry (mixture of ice and water) - Correct Answer Ammonia (green top), Blood gasses, Catecholamines, Gastrin, Lactic Acid (gray top), Parathyroid hormone, and Pyruvate.
177. Tests that require either a commercially available controlled heat source or a heating block at 37℃ for transportation and handling purposes - Correct Answer Cold agglutinins, Cryofibrinogen, and Cryoglobulins.
178. Tests that should be protected from bright light with a commercially available amber/brown biohazard bag, an aluminum foil wrapping around the tube or a transport container that does not allow light to enter - Correct Answer Bilirubin, Beta-carotene, Folate, Porphyrins, Vitamin A, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B
179. Sterile Tube (blood cultures) - Correct Answer Yellow top Acid citrate dextrose (ACD) solution - additive used is sodium polyanethol sulfonate.
180. Coagulation Tube - Correct Answer Light Blue top additive: sodium citrate. Additive prevents coagulation by binding calcium. It is advised to draw 2 to 3 ml of blood in a tube without additives before drawing this tube.

181. Serum Tube - Correct Answer Red top (glass or plastic tube) No additive required. Chemistry and blood bank testing.
182. SST (Serum Separator Tubes) - Correct Answer Speckled Red/Gray, Tiger top, or Gold BD Hemoguard. Clot activator and gel for serum separation. Chemistry testing.
183. PST (Plasma Separator Tubes) - Correct Answer Light Green top additive: Lithium heparin and gel for plasma separation
184. Dark Green top - Correct Answer additive: Sodium Heparin or Lithium Heparin which is a natural anticoagulant that inhibits thrombin. Commonly used for routine chemistry testing.
185. EDTA Tube - Correct Answer Lavender top ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid additive binds the calcium needed for clot formation. Commonly used for hematology testing (CBC, reticulocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR).
186. Glycolytic Inhibitor Tube - Correct Answer Gray top Additives used are sodium fluoride, a preservative that inhibits glycolic action, and potassium oxalate, an anticoagulant that binds calcium. Commonly used for glucose tolerance, blood alcohol, and lactic acid measurement.
187. Patients with IVs, if no alternate site is available, follow these guidelines: - Correct Answer Ask the nurse to turn off the IV drip and wait until the medication clears the line, Select a vein that is distal to the IV site. Collection should not be taken from the same vein that has the IV, The first 5mL of blood should be discarded, When the venipuncture is complete, ask the nurse to restart the IV, Document that the blood was drawn from an arm with an IV line.
188. Dermal puncture is advisable when obtaining blood from the following types of patients: - Correct Answer Children, especially those younger than 2 years of age, Geriatric patients with small, fragile veins, Obese patients, whose veins are difficult to find or access, Patients at risk for serious complications associated with deep venous puncture (such as iatrogenic anemia, hemorrhage, etc.), Patients at risk of venous thrombosis, Patients with burns or scars over venipuncture sites, and Patients requiring frequent glucose monitoring.
189. Guidelines for accurate specimen labeling - Correct Answer Patient's full name, Patient's ID number (if applicable), Time and date of collection, Phlebotomist's initials.