Phlebotomy and Blood Components: A Comprehensive Study, Exams of Nursing

Download Phlebotomy and Blood Components: A Comprehensive Study and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Phlebotomy NHA/CPT NHA Questions and Answers 2024 What is Hematology? Correct Answer is Hematology is the study of blood and its components, fluids and cells. Also includes the study of blood forming organs and blood disease What is Phlebotomy? Correct Answer is Phlebotomy is the practice of drawing blood for diagnostic purposes What does the medical term "Phlebos" mean? Correct Answer is Veins What does the medical term "tome" mean? Correct Answer is Incision What are two other names for capillary puncture? Correct Answer is Dermal or skin puncture What does POCT mean? Correct Answer is Point-of-Care What is Point-of-Care? Correct Answer is Tests that can be at the patients bed side and results can be obtained right away. Examples: Blood Glucose, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin What are capillaries? Correct Answer is Microscopic, one cell-thick vessels that connect arterioles and venules What is the purpose of a capillary? Correct Answer is Capillaries are the site of gas exchange between blood & bodily tissues What is the preferred locations for venipuncture? Correct Answer is 1. Antecubital Fossa 2. Upper aspect of the forearm 3. Posterior aspect of the wrist 4. Dorsum (back) of the hand 5. Ankle and foot veins (Dorsalis Pedis) What does the medical term "ante" mean? Correct Answer is Before What are the three superficial veins located in the Antecubital Fossa? Correct Answer is 1. Median Cubital Vein: Large and fixed 2. Cephalic Vein: Preferred in obese 3. Basilic Vein: Close to the brachial artery and median nerve What is plasma composed of? Correct Answer is 90% water, 7% proteins, the rest is all 1% (proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars hormones, lipids & vitamins) What color is plasma? Correct Answer is Straw color What is the difference in appearance of plasma and serum? Correct Answer is They both look the same, the only way to differentiate them is by looking at the tube top color What is the buffy coat composed of? Correct Answer is Leukocytes and platelets What is the percentage of plasma in the blood by volume? Correct Answer is 55% What is the percentage of formed elements? Correct Answer is 45% What are formed elements? Correct Answer is Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets What do these abbreviations mean "RBCs" "WBCs"? Correct Answer is Red blood cells and White blood cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) Another name for thrombocytes? Correct Answer is Platelets Where are erythrocytes formed? Correct Answer is In the red bone marrow What is the life span of erythrocytes? Correct Answer is 120 days What purpose does hemoglobin have? Correct Answer is It transports oxygen Fact: White blood cells have different size, shape, color and nucleus Correct Answer is Forms a barrier between red cells and plasma when centrifuged (It is found in the green-gray marbled topped tubes) What is the order of draw? Correct Answer is Yellow, light blue, red/red gray, green, lavender, gray, dark/royal blue top tube Mnemonic to easily remember it: STOP, LIGHT, RED, GREEN, LIGHT, GO AND DONT RUN! Yellow top tube Correct Answer is Additive: sodium polyanetholsulfonate SPS or Acid Dextrose. Purpose: it tests blood culture for aerobes and anaerobes/2 VIALS *** SPS aids in the recovery of microorganism by inhibiting the action of complement, phagocytosis and certain antibiotics *** Sterile tube AEROBE FIRST ANAEROBE SECOND FILL 8-10 MLS Light blue top tube Correct Answer is Additive: Sodium Citrate *** Fill completely Purpose: PT, Extrinsic pathway and Coumadin therapy and aPTT ( Activated partial thromboplastin time) RATIO: 9:1 Red top tube Correct Answer is Additive: None Purpose: Serum separator tube Green top tube Correct Answer is Additive: Sodium, Lithium or Amonium Heparin Purpose: STAT electrolyte or ammonia Lavender/Purple top tube Correct Answer is Additive: EDTA Purpose: CBC, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and sickle-cell screening *** Tube has to be filled at least two thirds Gray top tube Correct Answer is Additive: Antiglycolytic agent sodium fluoride Preserves glucose for 72 hours - lithium iodoacetate Preserves glucose for 24 hours - potassium oxalate / anticoagulant by binding with calcium Dark royal blue tube top Correct Answer is Additive: EDTA or sodium heparin Purpose: Test toxicology and trace elements, zinc and copper and lead What does STAT mean? Correct Answer is As soon as possible, IMMEDIATELY What is the bevel of a needle? Correct Answer is The shaft of the needle with one end cut at the angle which is called the bevel Fact: Gauge is designated by a numeric value * The higher the number, the smaller the lumen ** 16, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 MOST COMMON USED GAUGE: 21 BLOOD BANKING GAUGE: 16 Correct Answer is ... What is another name for butterfly needle? Correct Answer is Winged infusion set Needle size is 23 gauge Tue or false, needles should always be recapped ... Correct Answer is FALSE! needles should never be recapped THE SAFETY NEEDLE DEVICE SHOULD BE ACTIVATED NHA steps for venipuncture: 1. Greet and ID the patient/verbal and/or wrist band 2. Obtain consent from a patient 3. Ask if the patient has had any problems with venipuncture (syncope) 4. Ask if the patient is on blood thinner/aspirin, Coumadin,plavix 5. Check for the order form and the patients chart 6. Have the patient sit down or lie down; do not perform venipuncture if the patient is standing 7. Assemble the equipment, wash your hands and put on non sterile gloves 8. Locate the suitable vein 9. Clean the venipuncture site 10. Apply the tourniquet 3-4 inches above the site continued ... Correct Answer is 11. Stabilize the vein 12. Swiftly insert the needle, 15-30 degree BEVEL UP 13. Once the needle has entered and you have attached first tube, release the tourniquet 14. When last tube fills quickly remove needle 15. Apply direct pressure to site with gauze, do not bend arm 16. Label the tube at time in front of the patient, date time and your initials 17. Gently invert the tube several times How many times should the light blue tube be inverted? Correct Answer is 3-4 times How many times does the red tube have to be inverted? Correct Answer is 5 times (every other tube 8-10 times except light blue: 3-4) What is the average number of how many times a tube has to be inverted? Correct Answer is 4-10 times True or false: a patient who is fasting can smoke as much as they please Correct Answer is FALSE! SMOKING INCREASES GLUCOSE AND CORTISOL LEVELS! What must you have in order to be able to take blood from a patient? Correct Answer is Patients name Date of birth ID number Name of physician making the request Type of test requested Test status What are some complication of venipuncture? Correct Answer is syncope - fainting Hematoma - resolves over time Pain Infection Tissue trauma What should be placed in the label of a tube if the patient does not let you finish the draw, and you don't have enough blood Correct Answer is QNS which means quantity not sufficient In what cases is capillary puncture necessary? Correct Answer is Older patients Pediatric patients (especially under the age of 2 years old) ALSO WHEN VERY LITTLE BLOOD IS NEEDED Name the different kinds of punctures used from infant 0 months old to 3 years old Correct Answer is 0-6 months old - use heels 6-3 years old - capillary 3 years old - median cubital vein What does PKU stand for? Correct Answer is Phenylketonuria