Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Review Guide, Study notes of Cellular and Molecular Biology

Download Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Review Guide and more Study notes Cellular and Molecular Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Name ____________________________________ Section __________ Date ________________ Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Review Guide Question Answer 1. What does ATP stand for? Adenosine TriPhosphate 2. Label the molecule of ATP. adenine ribose 3 phosphate groups 3. How is the energy from ATP released? What molecule is formed? the bond between the last two phosphate groups is broken, and ADP is formed 4. What does ADP stand for? Adenosine DiPhosphate 5. Which compound (ATP or ADP) holds more energy? ATP 6. Write the equation that represents the change from ATP to ADP. (See ATP Lab for help.) ATP
ADP + phosphate + energy (Note: This is an exothermic reaction because it releases energy.) 7. Write the equation that represents the change from ADP to ATP. (See ATP Lab for help.) ADP + phosphate + energy
ATP (Note: This is an endothermic reaction because it releases energy.) 8. In what types of organisms does photosynthesis occur? autotrophs (mostly plants) 9. Define autotroph. An organism that makes its own food. In most cases it is an organism that converts the sun’s energy into food. 10. Define heterotroph. An organism that obtains its energy (food) from other organisms. 11. Label the chloroplast. outer membrane granum thylakoid stroma inner membrane 12. Write the equation for photosynthesis in both words and symbols. 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen 13. Describe how the work of each scientist contributed to photosynthesis: van Helmont-He thought that the mass of a plant comes from water because that was the only thing he added to his experimental plant over 5 years. He was mistaken- the mass comes from CO2. Priestley-concluded that plants produce some substance (later determined to be oxygen) that allowed a candle placed under a bell jar to continue burning, because without the plant the same candle could not remain lit. Ingenhousz-concluded that Priestly’s experiment only works when the plant is exposed to light 14. What is necessary for photosynthesis to occur? (what are the reactants?) carbon dioxide, water, light 15. What is the main product of photosynthesis? high energy sugars – specifically glucose 16. What is released in the process as a waste product? oxygen 17. Why do photosynthetic organisms appear green (explain in terms of color absorption & reflection)? The main pigment in photosynthetic organisms is chlorophyll. Chlorophyll reflects green wavelengths of light, and absorb all others. When the green wavelengths are reflected and seen by your eyes the plant or other organism appears green. 18. Define pigment. A molecule that absorbs light. 19. What is the principal pigment in photosynthesis? Chlorophyll 20. What colors are absorbed best by chlorophyll? red and blue violet 21. Explain why photosynthesis is necessary to life on earth. Photosynthesis is the starting point for passing energy throughout the various ecosystems. Organisms would be unable to survive without the glucose that photosynthesis provides. Also, organisms that undergo photosynthesis release oxygen into the atmosphere. Without that source of oxygen many living things, including humans, would not be able to survive. 22. What are the 2 main reactions the makeup photosynthesis? Where in the chloroplast does each occur? Reaction Location Light dependent reaction thylakoid light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) stroma 23. What are the reactants and products of the light-dependent reaction? Water is the main reactant, and oxygen is the product. NADP+ and ADP are also reactants, and NADPH and ATP are products. These molecules cycle between the light dependent and light independent reactions. 24. What molecules cycle between the light dependent and light independent reactions? NADP+ and NADPH cycle between the two, and so do ADP (and a phosphate group) and ATP. sunlight