BYU Physical Science 100 Comprehensive Final Exam Review Questions and Answers, Exams of Advanced Education

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PHYSICAL SCIENCE 100 BYU COMPREHENSIVE

FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT

ANSWERS 100% 2024

Newton's 1st Law - CORRECT ANSWERS-An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force Newton's 2nd Law - CORRECT ANSWERS-Force = Mass * Acceleration Newton's 3rd LAw - CORRECT ANSWERS-All forces result from interactions between pairs of objects, each exerting and equal and opposite force on the other Existence - CORRECT ANSWERS-the fact or state of having actual or real being Causality - CORRECT ANSWERS-cause must always precede the effect Position Symmetry - CORRECT ANSWERS-the laws of the universe are the same everywhere Principle of Non-contradiction - CORRECT ANSWERS-of two contradictory propositions, both cannot be true Time Symmetry - CORRECT ANSWERS-the laws of the universe do not change with time Occam's razor - CORRECT ANSWERS-the simplest explanation is most likely the right Strong Nuclear Force - CORRECT ANSWERS-Strongest, shortest range, holds the nucleus of an atom together Electromagnetic Force - CORRECT ANSWERS-2nd strongest, it is the interactions between charged particles Acceleration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Any change in speed or direction If there is acceleration - CORRECT ANSWERS-there must be a force involved 100% 2024 BY ELITAA Uniform motion - CORRECT ANSWERS-object is at rest or is moving at a constant speed in a straight line. All forces are balanced. (Elevator)

Weak Nuclear forces - CORRECT ANSWERS-3rd strongest, do not need to know anything else Gravity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Weakest force, longest range. interactions between anything with mass. Newton's 3rd Law Collisions- A fly and the semi truck experience the ____ amount of forces - CORRECT ANSWERS-Same Newton's 3rd Law Collisions- A fly and the semi truck experience _____ accelerations - CORRECT ANSWERS-different, fly has a large acceleration while truck has a lower acceleration All objects experience the same acceleration due to - CORRECT ANSWERS- gravity, but only in the absence of air friction The force of gravity depends on - CORRECT ANSWERS-the mass of the 2 objects and how far apart they are Heavier objects experience a - CORRECT ANSWERS-greater gravitational force, but the same acceleration Force is - CORRECT ANSWERS-proportional to mass Universal Law of Gravity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Force=GmM/d^ Atoms are made up of - CORRECT ANSWERS-protons, neutrons, and electrons In a transfer of charge only - CORRECT ANSWERS-electrons move Electromagnetic force deals with - CORRECT ANSWERS-anything outside of the nucleus The force between two charges depends on - CORRECT ANSWERS-the size of the charge and the distance between them Electrical potential energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-energy associated with the relative position of charged objects Like charges have the most potential energy when - CORRECT ANSWERS- they are close together. High potential to separate Opposite charges have the most potential energy when - CORRECT ANSWERS-they are far apart. There is the potential to come together

Conduction - CORRECT ANSWERS-Transfer of heat between 2 objects that are placed in direct contact ex.Putting your hand on the stove Convection - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hot material moves and transfers its heat to a colder material ex.Heat from the stove rises and you feel it when your hand is above it Radiation - CORRECT ANSWERS-Transfer of energy from one place to another without any need for intervening matter ex.Campfire, heat is radiating out and getting to you even if you are on the side of the fire Kinetic Energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-KE=1/2M*V^ Gravitational Potential Energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-GPE=weight *height, Most ordered Electrical Potential Energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Energy associated with the relative position of charged objects Thermal Energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Most processes end up with this type of energy, Least ordered Chemical Potential Energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Energy associated with chemical bonds Elastic Potential Energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Energy in springs Nuclear Potential Energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Energy within the nucleus, most ordered Energy from most to least ordered - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. kinetic energy

2. nuclear potential energy
3. electrical potential energy
4. chemical potential energy
5. thermal energy Sheer waves/transverse - CORRECT ANSWERS-Move perpendicular to the way they are traveling, can only travel through solids Compression waves - CORRECT ANSWERS-Compresses and moves in the same way of direction Wavelength - CORRECT ANSWERS-Crest to crest or trough to trough Amplitude - CORRECT ANSWERS-The height of the wave, how far you are from the equilibrium

Frequency - CORRECT ANSWERS-The amount of waves that past during a specific time Frequency * wave length - CORRECT ANSWERS-Wave speed Reflection - CORRECT ANSWERS-When a wave bounces back Refraction - CORRECT ANSWERS-When the wave bends around through a new medium Diffraction - CORRECT ANSWERS-When the wave bends around a medium. Diffraction is the best when the wavelength is the same size as the slit Interference - CORRECT ANSWERS-When waves are aligned with each other Constructive intereference - CORRECT ANSWERS-Crest to Crest increasing amplitude Destructive interference - CORRECT ANSWERS-Crest to Trough canceling each other out Doppler effect - CORRECT ANSWERS-Change in frequency when the listener is relative to a moving source of waves Visible light has both - CORRECT ANSWERS-wave and particle tendencies Electromagnetic Spectrum - CORRECT ANSWERS-Gamma X-Ray UV Violet light (Visible) Visible Red light (Visible) IR Microwave Radiowave Go cross under very irritated men right? In light frequency is equal to - CORRECT ANSWERS-Energy Light has a wave/particle - CORRECT ANSWERS-dual nature More photons = more amplitude - CORRECT ANSWERS-Different photons for different energy levels

Quantum Model - CORRECT ANSWERS-Uncertainty about the electron where it is and where it is going Heisenberg Uncertainty principle - CORRECT ANSWERS-The more you know about something the less you know where it is going High energy is equal to - CORRECT ANSWERS-low wavelengths Electrons behave like a wave when - CORRECT ANSWERS-unobserved Electrons behave like a particle when - CORRECT ANSWERS-it is observed When shooting electrons through a smaller slit - CORRECT ANSWERS-its diffraction area is greatly increased Large slit electrons get shot through - CORRECT ANSWERS-diffraction area is smaller S Orbitals - CORRECT ANSWERS-like a sphere, holds 2 electrons P orbitals - CORRECT ANSWERS-3 orbitals for 6 electrons total. 2 electrons per orbital D orbitals - CORRECT ANSWERS-Holds 10 electrons F orbitals - CORRECT ANSWERS-Holds 14 electrons Ionization Energy increases - CORRECT ANSWERS-up and to the right Atomic size increases from - CORRECT ANSWERS-down and to the left. Helium is smallest Fr largest Periodic trends - CORRECT ANSWERS-Columns have similar properties Valence electrons - CORRECT ANSWERS-electrons in the outermost shell Ionization energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-how hard it is to steal an electron Pure substances - CORRECT ANSWERS-Elements and compounds Mixtures - CORRECT ANSWERS-Alloys, solutions, blends/composites Compound - CORRECT ANSWERS-mixture of elements Alloys - CORRECT ANSWERS-mixture of metals

Network Matter - CORRECT ANSWERS-Forma a more complicated structure and bonds with its neighbors Water is ____ a network matter - CORRECT ANSWERS-not Mass spectrometry - CORRECT ANSWERS-break apart a molecule and measure the weight of the pieces Largest spike in mass spectrometry indicates - CORRECT ANSWERS-the weight of the original molecule Infrared Spectroscapy - CORRECT ANSWERS-measure of what amounts of certain wavelengths of light that a molecule absorbs Similar molecules have ____ absorption patterns - CORRECT ANSWERS- similar Activation energy - CORRECT ANSWERS-the amount of energy needed to start a reaction Catalyst - CORRECT ANSWERS-anything that lowers the activation energy without changing the reaction Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWERS-a type of catalyst, a protein Energetically favorable - CORRECT ANSWERS-Reaction releases energy Exothermic reactions - CORRECT ANSWERS-release heat Energetically unfavorable - CORRECT ANSWERS-reaction requires energy Endothermic - CORRECT ANSWERS-Absorbs heat Endergonic is = to - CORRECT ANSWERS-endothermic Exergonic is = to - CORRECT ANSWERS-exothermic Characteristics of metallic bonds - CORRECT ANSWERS-Opaque, conductive, high melting/boiling points, malleable, sea of electrons Metallic bonds - CORRECT ANSWERS-When two metals come together Opacity - CORRECT ANSWERS-when light is unable to bounce between electrons. This causes the light to be either absorbed or reflected. Electrons orbitals overlap resulting in smaller gaps between electrons.

Molecule - CORRECT ANSWERS-a covalently bonded compound Non polar molecules - CORRECT ANSWERS-charges are evenly distributed throughout the molecules. Hydrocarbons, linear molecules and H N F O I Cl Br (diatomic atoms) Dipole-Dipole - CORRECT ANSWERS-happens between polar molecules, weak H bonding - CORRECT ANSWERS-When a Hydrogen bonds to a F, O, N Dispersion forces - CORRECT ANSWERS-dependent upon size, happens between non polar molecules Fat - CORRECT ANSWERS-Solid at room temperature Oil - CORRECT ANSWERS-liquid at room temperature Unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWERS-kinks in it due to double bonds, every C does not have the max amount of H Monounsaturated - CORRECT ANSWERS-one double bonds Polysaturated - CORRECT ANSWERS-many double bonds Saturated fats - CORRECT ANSWERS-every C has the max amount of H's attached to it Saturated fats are ____ and have ____ melting points - CORRECT ANSWERS- linear / higher Trans fats - CORRECT ANSWERS-Unsaturated fats that were straightened, artificially engineered, body cannot break down these More kinks - CORRECT ANSWERS-lower melting point Longer chain - CORRECT ANSWERS-higher melting point Straightened out chain - CORRECT ANSWERS-higher melting point Asbestos - CORRECT ANSWERS-Stringy, single chain/double chain Micah - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sheets, all three ends of the silicates are connected Quartz - CORRECT ANSWERS-3 dimensional

Fission - CORRECT ANSWERS-breaking apart big nuclei Fusion - CORRECT ANSWERS-combining small nuclei Strong force - CORRECT ANSWERS-holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus Electromagnetic force - CORRECT ANSWERS-pulls the nucleus apart Products weigh less than the reactants - CORRECT ANSWERS-Energy=mass Nucleon - CORRECT ANSWERS-neutron or proton, anything in the nucleus Smaller than iron - CORRECT ANSWERS-fuse together to release energy Bigger than iron - CORRECT ANSWERS-Split apart to release energy Alpha decay - CORRECT ANSWERS-a nucleus gives up a helium nucleus Beta decay - CORRECT ANSWERS-Neutron splits, proton goes to the nucleus and electron goes out ex. C 14 goes to N7+ an electron, mass stays the same Gamma decay - CORRECT ANSWERS-shift in energy levels and the nucleus spits out some gamma rays mass and proton number stay the same Half life - CORRECT ANSWERS-the time it takes for things to be halved You can only determine the age of - CORRECT ANSWERS-Igneous rocks, the last time the rock cooled Greenhouse gases - CORRECT ANSWERS-Infrared radiation is trapped in the earth, increasing the temperature of the earth Positive Feedback - CORRECT ANSWERS-Constant increase, propagates itself Negative Feedback - CORRECT ANSWERS-When the temperature/reaction increases and decreases to try and equilibrate Metoerites - CORRECT ANSWERS-If there is iron/silicates then it must have come from a differentiated body Differentiated body - CORRECT ANSWERS-stuff comes from that layer that used to be part of planetesimals

Red stuff - CORRECT ANSWERS-moves far away Blue stuff - CORRECT ANSWERS-moves closer Entropy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Disorder

100% CORRECT ANSWERS

100% CORRECT ANSWERS