PHYSICAL SCIENCE COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100% 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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PHYSICAL SCIENCE

COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT

ANSWERS 100% 2024

The Scientific Method is most effective in - CORRECT ANSWERS-gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge What is an example of a scientific hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERS-if the tides are caused by the moon, then this is one possible reason why water levels rise at the beach scientific theories - CORRECT ANSWERS-must be constantly reviewed to see whether they are in accord with new experimental observations Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much - CORRECT ANSWERS-volume, mass, inertia An object weighs 30 N on Earth. A second object weighs 30 N on the Moon. The object with the greater mass is the one on the moon or earth? - CORRECT ANSWERS-moon A man weighing 800 N stands at rest on two bathroom scales so that his weight is distributed evenly over both scales. The reading on each scale is - CORRECT ANSWERS-400 N Nellie runs the length of a 100-yard football field in a time of 20 seconds. Her average running speed is - CORRECT ANSWERS-5 yards/s You're lying on the sand on a breezy day when a pesky fly wishes to join you. The breeze is blowing at a steady 2 m/s. In order for the fly to land on you it should hover over you while flying - CORRECT ANSWERS-against the breeze at 2 m/s If a ball rolls down an inclined plane and picks up 4 m/s each second it rolls, its acceleration is - CORRECT ANSWERS-4 m/s If you toss a ball straight upward at 40 m/s with no air resistance, 6 seconds later its speed is - CORRECT ANSWERS-20 m/s

A stone dropped from a cliff strikes the water 5.0 s later. How high is the cliff above the water? - CORRECT ANSWERS-122.5 m 727 cm in correct scientific notation is - CORRECT ANSWERS-7.27 x 10^ A pole is 60.0 ft tall. The metric equivalent of this height in millimeters is ( meter = 3.28 ft) (1000 mm = 1 meter) - CORRECT ANSWERS-18,300 mm Whirl a rock at the end of a string and it follows a circular path. If the string breaks, the rock tends to - CORRECT ANSWERS-follow a straight-line path A Mack truck and a Mini Cooper traveling at the same speed collide head-on. The collision force is greatest on the - CORRECT ANSWERS-same on both The speed of a bullet fired from a gun will be about the same as the speed of the recoiling gun - CORRECT ANSWERS-if the masses of the bullet and gun are equal In order to catch a fast-moving softball with your bare hand, you extend your hand forward just before the catch and then let the ball ride backward with your hand. Doing this reduces the catching force because the - CORRECT ANSWERS-time of catch is increased When you push an object a certain distance while applying twice the force, you do - CORRECT ANSWERS-twice as much work If you do work on an object in half the time, your power output is - CORRECT ANSWERS-twice A woman used a force of 588 N and climbs a mountain 2000 m high. After calculating the work energy she exerted, calculate the average power output if it took her 10 hours to climb the mountain. (Hint: Remember time must be in seconds for a power problem.) - CORRECT ANSWERS-33 watts Consider two planets in space that gravitationally attract each other. If the masses of both planets are doubled, and the distance between them doesn't change, then the force between them is - CORRECT ANSWERS-four times as much A hunter fires a bullet from a horizontally-held rifle while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the side of the rifle. Which bullet hits the ground first? - CORRECT ANSWERS-both hit at the same time Compared to the density of a kilogram of feathers, the density of a kilogram of lead is - CORRECT ANSWERS-more

If the mass of an object were to double with no change in volume, its density would - CORRECT ANSWERS-double When gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume at constant temperature, the gas pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS-doubles 100% 2024 BY ELITAA A piece of iron and a cup of water both have the same temperature. If they are heated so the thermal energy of each doubles, - CORRECT ANSWERS-the iron will have the higher temperature Which law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of energy as it applies to thermal systems? - CORRECT ANSWERS-first law The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the wire to heat up quickest will be - CORRECT ANSWERS-copper If you have 20 L of water in one container and the temperature is 100ºC, and in another same size container you have only 5 L of water at 100ºC, - CORRECT ANSWERS-The amount of heat in the 5 L container is less than the amount of heat in the 20 L container A solid cube of gold was measured by a team of students. They recorded the cube as having a volume of 15.63 cm3 and a mass of 285.64g. What is the density of the cube? - CORRECT ANSWERS-18.28 g/cm 3 This question relates to your laboratory investigation on temperature and specific heat. Using the equation below from Lab 5, Temperature and Specific Heat, please calcualte the specific heat of a metal bolt which has a mass of 45.0 g. The metal sample has been warmed to 98.5°C. Using a coffee-cup calorimeter similar to the one you constructed in Lab 5, the metal sample is then placed in 45.0 g of water at a temperature of 5.9°C. After a few minutes, the temperature of the water and metal stabilize to 15.3°C. What is the specific heat of this metal? Mw = mass of water, Cw = the specific heat of water is 1.0 cal/g°C. ΔTw = Tf-Ti of water, Ms = mass of metal, Cs = specific heat of the metal sample, ΔTs = Tf-Ti of metal The formula for calculating specific heat of the metal is Cs = (Mw) x (Cw) x (ΔTw) (Ms) x (ΔTs) - CORRECT ANSWERS-0.11cal/g°C

The actual specific heat value for aluminum is 0.217 cal/g°C. You performed an experiment to determine the specific heat of aluminum. Your experimental value for aluminum was determined to be 0.210 cal/g°C. Calculate the percent error using the following formula. Percent Error = [ accepted value - experimental value ] X 100 accepted value - CORRECT ANSWERS-3.23% error Does a gas release energy or absorb energy when it changes into a liquid? - CORRECT ANSWERS-a gas release energy A friend says that a can of beverage will cool faster in the coldest part of a refrigerator. Knowledge of Newton's law of cooling - CORRECT ANSWERS- supports this statement When you scuff electrons from a carpet onto your feet, you become - CORRECT ANSWERS-negatively charged One main difference between gravitational and electric forces is that electric forces - CORRECT ANSWERS-repel or attract A negatively-charged balloon touching a wooden wall does what? - CORRECT ANSWERS-pushes negative charge in the wall away from it. polarizes molecules in the wall. pulls positive charge on the wall surface toward it. A bird can sit harmlessly on a high-voltage wire because - CORRECT ANSWERS-no potential difference is across the bird's feet Compared to a single lamp connected to a battery, two lamps connected in parallel to the same battery will draw - CORRECT ANSWERS-more current The current in a 100-W bulb connected to a 120-V source is - CORRECT ANSWERS-100/120 = .833 A Like kinds of magnetic poles repel while unlike kinds of magnetic poles - CORRECT ANSWERS-attract The medium in which a wave travels - CORRECT ANSWERS-transmits the wave You dip your finger repeatedly into water and make waves. If you dip your finger more frequently, the wavelength of the waves - CORRECT ANSWERS- shortens

A bat chirps to locate a tasty lunch. The chirp travels at 340 m/s and its echo is heard 1 s after the chirp. Distance to the lunch is - CORRECT ANSWERS- 340 m Sound travels fastest in - CORRECT ANSWERS-ice (solids) Which doesn't belong to the same family? shock waves radio waves longitudinal waves ultrasonic waves infrasonic waves - CORRECT ANSWERS-radio waves Object and image for a plane mirror lie - CORRECT ANSWERS-equal distances from the mirror It is difficult to see the roadway in front of you when you are driving on a rainy night mainly because - CORRECT ANSWERS-the film of water on the roadway makes the road less diffuse Using the diagram of electromagentic energy below, when an electric stove element is hot enough, it gives off a dull red glow. When it cools to the point that it no longer glows but is still feels warm, it will - CORRECT ANSWERS- emit longer wavelength radiation with less energy. Is it correct to say that in every case, without exception, any radio wave travels faster than any sound wave? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Yes, radio waves are just electromagnetic energy with low frequency. A cat strolls across your backyard. An hour later, a dog with its nose to the ground follows the trail of the cat. Explain what is going on from a molecular point of view - CORRECT ANSWERS-the dog is smelling molecules from the cat Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size The nucleus of an electrically neutral iron atom contains 26 protons. How many electrons does this iron atom have? - CORRECT ANSWERS- If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element? - CORRECT ANSWERS-atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium What does the following element description actually mean?

238/92 U - CORRECT ANSWERS-a uranium atom with 92 protons and 146 neutrons What describes an isotope? - CORRECT ANSWERS-element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons An element has two different isotopes: one that weighs 65 amu and another that weighs 67 amu. If the average atomic mass of all the isotopes is 66. amu, what can be said about the relative abundance of the isotopes? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The isotope with the mass of 67 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 65. Which of the following elements is in the fourth period? beryllium(Be) zirconium (Zr) hydrogen (H) chromium (Cr) carbon (C) - CORRECT ANSWERS-chromium (Cr) Which of the following is not a nonmetal? sulfur (atomic no. = 16) selenium (atomic no. = 34) titanium (atomic no. = 22) helium (atomic no. = 2) xenon (atomic no. = 54) - CORRECT ANSWERS-titanium (atomic no. = 22) Oxygen, O, (number 8), sulfur, S, (number 16), and selenium, Se, (number

34. have such similar chemical properties because - CORRECT ANSWERS- Oxygen, O, (number 8), sulfur, S, (number 16), and selenium, Se, (number
35. have such similar chemical properties because - CORRECT ANSWERS- their outermost shells contain the same number of electrons. How many electrons are there in the third shell of sodium, Na (atomic number 11)? - CORRECT ANSWERS-one Which of the following statements about electrons is true? Electrons in atoms can be excited by light energy. Electrons have a negative charge. Electrons are particles. Electrons behave like waves. - CORRECT ANSWERS-all statements are true The image below shows a beam of radiation passing between two electrically charged plates.

Which of the beams is due to alpha particles? - CORRECT ANSWERS-c-- the one that curves downward You are given three radioactive samples (α, β, and ) and can only dispose of one. The other two you must keep, one in your hand, the other in your pocket. How would you minimize your exposure risk? - CORRECT ANSWERS- keep α in hand, keep β in pocket, and dispose of y A certain radioactive element has a half-life of one hour. If you start with a 1- g sample of the element at noon, how much of this same element will be left at 3:00 PM? - CORRECT ANSWERS-.125 g Why will nuclear fission probably not be used directly for powering automobiles? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. It's more practical for cars to use the electricity generated by nuclear fission power plants.

2. Radioactive wastes could not be adequately controlled.
3. Massive shielding would be required to protect against radioactivity exposure. The following image describes which type of change? box where all particles are packed together changing to a box where particles are all spread apart - CORRECT ANSWERS-physical change Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? - CORRECT ANSWERS-gasoline being used in the engine of a car producing exhaust Which of the following would not be considered a chemical property? light sensitivity the tendency of a material to explode whether a material will dissolve in acid or not the temperature at which a liquid will boil whether a metal will rust or not - CORRECT ANSWERS-the temperature at which a liquid will boil What is the name of the following compound? SF3 - CORRECT ANSWERS-sulfur trifluoride What is the name of the following compound? CaCl2 - CORRECT ANSWERS-calcium chloride What is the correct electron dot structure for carbon (atomic no. = 6)? - CORRECT ANSWERS-a C with one dot on each side How many valence electrons does bromine (Br, atomic no. = 35) have? - CORRECT ANSWERS-

Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a -2 charge? Mg Na Cl S Ne - CORRECT ANSWERS-S What does the line in the following example actually represent? H-H - CORRECT ANSWERS-a shared pair of electrons a covalent bond Classify the following bonds as ionic, covalent, or neither (O, atomic number 8; F, atomic number 9; Na, atomic number 11; Cl, atomic number 17; U, atomic number 92). O with F Ca with Cl Na with Na - CORRECT ANSWERS-covalent, ionic, neither Classify the following as element, compound, or mixture, and justify your classifications: table salt, stainless steel, table sugar, aluminum, ice. - CORRECT ANSWERS-compound; mixture; compound element; compound Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated? one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar one liter of water with 5 grams of sugar one liter of water with 2 grams of sugar one liter of water with 1 gram of sugar They all have the same volume. - CORRECT ANSWERS-one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar How many molecules of sucrose are in a 0.5 moles of sucrose? - CORRECT ANSWERS-3.01 × 10^23 molecules of sucrose

How is the solubility of a solid affected by temperature? - CORRECT ANSWERS-As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up. As temperature goes down, the solubility goes down. What is wrong with the following depiction of a chemical reaction? - CORRECT ANSWERS-One box contains more atoms than the other. What coefficients balance the following equation? ____ P4 (s) + ____ H2 (g) → ____ PH3 (g) - CORRECT ANSWERS-1, 6, 4 What is the formula mass of a molecule of CO2? - CORRECT ANSWERS- amu What is a chemical reaction? - CORRECT ANSWERS-when one or more new compounds are formed by rearranging atoms Based upon your laboratory investigations, what evidence indicates a chemical reaction has taken place? - CORRECT ANSWERS-color change the reaction feels hotter or colder formation of a solid What is the mass of one mole of H2? - CORRECT ANSWERS-2 g According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? H2O + H2SO4 → H3O+ + HSO4- - CORRECT ANSWERS-H2SO Which of the following solutions is the most acidic? a solution with a pH = 7 a solution with a pH = 10 a solution with a pH = 14 a solution with a pH = 4 All of the solutions are basic. - CORRECT ANSWERS-a solution with a pH = 4 As the pH increases, the hydroxide ion concentration ________. - CORRECT ANSWERS-gets larger What determines the chemical and physical properties of hydrocarbons? - CORRECT ANSWERS-the way the atoms are connected together the number of carbon and hydrogens Which of the following stick structures could describe pentane (C5H12)? - CORRECT ANSWERS-object with 4 lines

Which of the following molecules could be a structural isomer for the underlined molecule below? - CORRECT ANSWERS-object with 3 lines (similar to a stick figure) Which of the following is not an unsaturated molecule? - CORRECT ANSWERS-a six sided object with no lines inside of it (looks like a hexagon) What is a functional group? - CORRECT ANSWERS-a set of atoms bonded together that give molecules containing them similar properties Which of the following would provide long-term storage of energy and insulate the body? proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids - CORRECT ANSWERS-lipids Amino acids are the basic units of __________________ which form tendons, enzymes, and antibodies. - CORRECT ANSWERS-proteins Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for coding genetic information? - CORRECT ANSWERS-nucleic acids

100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2024

100% CORRECT ANSWERS