Physics End of Year Exam Study Guide, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Physics End of Year Exam Study Guide and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! Physics end of the year exam study guide 13 studiers recently Which shows the correct order of events after the big bang occurred? A. strong force separated from the unified force, inflationary expansion occurred, quarks and electrons formed, electromagnetic and weak forces separated from the unified force, gravity separated from the unified force B. electromagnetic and weak forces separated from the unified force, gravity separated from the unified force, strong force separated from the unified force, inflationary expansion occurred, quarks and electrons formed C. gravity separated from the unified force, strong force separated from the unified force, inflationary expansion occurred, electromagnetic and weak forces separated from the unified force, quarks and electrons formed D. quarks and electrons formed, electromagnetic and weak forces separated from the unified force, inflationary expansion occurred, strong force separated from the unified force, gravity separated from the - C. gravity separated from the unified force, strong force separated from the unified force, inflationary expansion occurred, electromagnetic and weak forces separated from the unified force, quarks and electrons formed Which shows the correct order of processes leading up to the formation of a main sequence star? A. Gases condense to form a nebula, gravity causes the nebula to collapse and spin, nuclear fusion occurs, and a protostar forms. B. A protostar forms, nuclear fusion occurs, gases condense to form a nebula, and gravity causes the nebula to collapse and spin. C. Gases condense to form a nebula, gravity causes the nebula to collapse and spin, a protostar forms, and nuclear fusion occurs. D. A protostar forms, gases condense to form a nebula, gravity causes the nebula to collapse and spin, and nuclear fusion occurs. - C. Gases condense to form a nebula, gravity causes the nebula to collapse and spin, a protostar forms, and nuclear fusion occurs. Which list provides evidence for the general theory of relativity? A. constancy of the speed of light, gravitational redshift, gravitational lensing B. changes in a planet's orbital path, curvature of space-time, length contraction C. gravitational lensing, constancy of the speed of light, curvature of space-time D. gravitational redshift, changes in a planet's orbital path, gravitational lensing - D. gravitational redshift, changes in a planet's orbital path, gravitational lensing Seyed made a chart to compare Einstein's and Newton's ideas about time and space. Diagram #1 Which best completes the chart? A. The speed of light is absolute B. The speed of light varies. C. Space is three-dimensional D. Space is four-dimensional. - C. Space is three-dimensional Which describes Einstein's second postulate about the special theory of relativity? A. The speed of light in a vacuum is constant, and nothing is faster than the speed of light. B. The speed of light in a vacuum is constant, and some things are faster than the speed of light. C. The speed of light in a vacuum fluctuates, but nothing is faster than the speed of light. D. The speed of light in a vacuum fluctuates, and some things are faster than the speed of light. - A. The speed of light in a vacuum is constant, and nothing is faster than the speed of light. Karen is running forward at a speed of 9 m/s. She tosses her sweaty headband backward at a speed of 20 m/s. The speed of the headband, to the nearest whole number relative to a stationary observer watching Karen, is ____________ m/s. - 11 Aluminum has a frequency threshold of 9.846 × 1014 Hz. Which best explains what will happen when light with a frequency below the frequency threshold strikes aluminum? A. Electrons will be ejected immediately. B. No electrons will be ejected. C. Electrons will start being ejected several seconds after the light strikes the aluminum. D. No electrons will be ejected unless the intensity is very high. - B. No electrons will be ejected. A. The temperature of the reactor is lowered because high temperature and pressure are needed. B. The temperature of the reactor is raised because the reaction slows down at higher temperatures. C. The exposure between the fuel rods and a neutron-absorbing material is increased. D. The exposure between the fuel rods and a neutron-absorbing material is reduced. - C. The exposure between the fuel rods and a neutron-absorbing material is increased. Emissions from alpha decay require the least amount of shielding. Which best describes why the emissions from alpha decay are so easily blocked compared to the emissions of other types of radioactive decay? A. Alpha decay releases visible light, which has less energy than the light released during gamma decay. B. Alpha decay releases particles that have less mass and charge than the particles released during beta decay. C. Alpha decay releases particles that have less mass and charge than the particles released during beta decay. D. Alpha decay releases particles that have less mass and charge than the particles released during beta decay. - D. Alpha decay releases particles that have less mass and charge than the particles released during beta decay. Takumi works in his yard for 45 minutes each Saturday. He works in the morning, and he wears sunscreen and a hat each time he works in the yard. What does Takumi hope to reduce through his actions? A. the likelihood of stochastic effects, such as DNA mutations B. the severity of stochastic effects, such as cancer C. the severity of non-stochastic effects, such as cancer D. the likelihood of non-stochastic effects, such as radiation sickness - A. the likelihood of stochastic effects, such as DNA mutations Which changes in an electric motor will make the motor stronger? Select 3 options. A. using a stronger permanent magnet B. using a weaker permanent magnet C. increasing current in the electromagnet D. decreasing current in the electromagnet E. increasing the distance between the magnets F. decreasing the distance between the magnets - A. using a stronger permanent magnet C. increasing current in the electromagnet F. decreasing the distance between the magnets The ratio of coils of wire in the primary winding to the secondary winding of a transformer is 3:2. How does the transformer change the voltage of a current applied to the primary winding? A. It increases to three-halves times the original B. It decreases to two-thirds the original. C. It increases to three times the original. D. It decreases to one-third the original. - B. It decreases to two-thirds the original. The image shows the right-hand rule being used for a current-carrying wire. Image #4 Which statement describes what the hand shows? A. When the current flows down the wire, the magnetic field flows out on the left side of the wire and in on the right side of the wire. B. When the current flows up the wire, the magnetic field flows out on the left side of the wire and in on the right side of the wire C. When the current flows down the wire, the magnetic field flows in on the left side of the wire and out on the right side of the wire. D. When the current flows down the wire, the magnetic field flows in on the left side of the wire and out on the right side of the wire. - B. When the current flows up the wire, the magnetic field flows out on the left side of the wire and in on the right side of the wire Tony uses the device shown in the diagram to model how an electromagnet is used in his uncle's scrap metal yard Image #5 After picking up several staples with the device, what change would enable Tony to drop the staples in the scrap metal bin? A. removing the battery B. removing the iron nail C. moving the wire loops closer together D. moving the wire loops closer together - A. removing the battery Which factors affect the strength of a magnetic field around a current-carrying wire? Check all that apply. A. the type of metal of the wire B. the amount of the current C. the direction of the current D. the temperature of the wire E. the distance from the wire - B. the amount of the current E. the distance from the wire A charge of 8.4 × 10^-4 C moves at an angle of 35° to a magnetic field that has a field strength of 6.7 × 10^-3 T. If the magnetic force is 3.5 × 10^-2 N, how fast is the charge moving? A. 9.1 × 10^-5 m/s B. 1.3 × 10^-4 m/s C. 7.6 × 10^3 m/s D. 1.1 × 10^4 m/s - D. 1.1 × 10^4 m/s What is the main difference between a permanent magnet and a temporary magnet? A. A permanent magnet is made of a ferromagnetic material, while a temporary magnet is not. B. A temporary magnet attracts only metal objects, while permanent magnets attract both metal objects and other magnets. C. The domains in a temporary magnet easily lose alignment, but the domains in a permanent magnet keep their alignment. D. There are domains in a permanent magnet, but not in a temporary magnet. - C. The domains in a temporary magnet easily lose alignment, but the domains in a permanent magnet keep their alignment. The electric field between two parallel plates has a magnitude of 180 N/C. The two plates are 2.5 cm apart. Recall that the magnitude of the charge on an electron is 1.602 × 10^-19 C. How much work is done to move an electron from the positive plate to the negative plate? A. 4.0 × 10^-21 J B. 7.2 × 10^-19 J C. 4.5 J D. 7200 J - B. 7.2 × 10^-19 J The diagram shows the electric field lines around two charges Diagram #9 The diagram shows the electric field lines around two charges A. They are negative, and they repel. B. The left is negative and the right is positive, so they attract. C. The left is positive and the right is negative, so they attract. D. They are positive, and they repel. - D. They are positive, and they repel. A -0.06 C charge is placed is in a uniform electric field with a strength of 200 N/C. What is the magnitude and direction of the force on the charge? A. 12 N in the opposite direction of the field B. 12 N in the same direction of the field C. 3333 N up in the opposite direction of the field D. 3333 N in the same direction of the field - A. 12 N in the opposite direction of the field Force F acts between two charges, q1 and q2, separated by a distance d. If q1 is increased to twice its original value and the distance between the charges is also doubled, what is the new force acting between the charges in terms of F? A. 1/4 F B. 1/2 F C. 1 F D. 2 F - B. 1/2 F Which statements correctly describe the effect of distance in determining the gravitational force and the electrical force? Check all that apply. A. The gravitational force has an infinite reach. B. The electrical force has an infinite reach C. The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the distance D. The electrical force is inversely proportional to the distance. E. The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. F. The electrical force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance - A. The gravitational force has an infinite reach. B. The electrical force has an infinite reach E. The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. F. The electrical force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance The diagram shows the electric field around two charged objects. Diagram #10 What is the best conclusion about the charges that can be made based on the diagram? A. Y is negative, and Z is positive. B. Y is negative, and Z is negative. C. Y and Z are like charges, but their identities cannot be determined. D. Y and Z are opposite charges, but their identities cannot be determined. - D. Y and Z are opposite charges, but their identities cannot be determined. A positive rod is touched to a neutral sphere. Diagram #11 Which best explains the arrow's purpose in the diagram? A. It is showing the direction that protons move in, making the sphere negative. B. It is showing the direction that protons move in, making the sphere negative. C. It is showing the direction that electrons move in, making the sphere positive. D. It is showing the direction that electrons move in, making the sphere negative. - C. It is showing the direction that electrons move in, making the sphere positive. Which lists the correct steps that occur when using a diffraction grating to bend light? A. Which lists the correct steps that occur when using a diffraction grating to bend light? B. different wavelengths of light bend at different angles → light strikes the grooves → diffracted wavelengths reach the eyes → the eyes see different colors C. diffracted wavelengths reach the eyes → the eyes see different colors → light strikes the grooves → different wavelengths of light bend at different angles D. light strikes the grooves → different wavelengths of light bend at different angles → diffracted wavelengths reach the eyes → the eyes see different colors - D. light strikes the grooves → different wavelengths of light bend at different angles → diffracted wavelengths reach the eyes → the eyes see different colors The diagram shows light passing through an opening and forming bands. Diagram #12 Which two order bands are the dimmest? A. n = 0 and n = 1 B. n = 0 and n = 3 C. n = 1 and n = 2 D. n = 2 and n = 3 - D. n = 2 and n = 3 A ray diagram without the produced image is shown Diagram #13 Which describes the image produced by the lens? A. real and larger than the object B. real and smaller than the object C. inverted and larger than the object D. upright and larger than the object - B. real and smaller than the object The diagram shows waves of sound travelling through the air. Diagram #16 The diagram shows waves of sound travelling through the air. A. 1/9 B. 1/3 C. 1.2 D. 1/4 - A. 1/9 A bell is rung. What best describes the density of air around the bell? A. The air density does not change. B. The air density increases and then returns to normal levels C. The air density decreases and then returns to normal levels. D. The air density increases and decreases repeatedly before returning to normal. - D. The air density increases and decreases repeatedly before returning to normal. A car makes sound as it moves toward a stationary observer. What best describes the sound wave heard by the observer compared with the sound heard by the car's driver? A. higher frequency; shorter wavelength B. higher frequency; longer wavelength C. lower frequency; shorter wavelength D. lower frequency; shorter wavelength - A. higher frequency; shorter wavelength Two identical waves are traveling toward each other in the same medium. One has a positive amplitude, meaning that its peaks only go upward, and the other wave has a negative amplitude, with peaks going downward. What will occur when the waves peak at the same place at the same time? A. constructive interference B. destructive interference C. a reflecting wave D. wave refraction - B. destructive interference The two waves shown here are the same distance from point X and are traveling toward each other. Diagram #17 What is the amplitude of the resulting wave when the two waves meet at point X? A. 0.0 cm B. 1.0 cm C. 2.0 cm D. 4.0 cm - A. 0.0 cm A boat moves up and down on a lake as a wave passes by. If the boat oscillates 10 times in 2 seconds, what is the period of the wave? A. 0.2 seconds B. 2 seconds C. 5 seconds D. 10 seconds - A. 0.2 seconds A wave has a wavelength of 3.3 m and a speed of 5.6 m/s. What is the frequency of this wave? A. 0.59 Hz B. 1.7 Hz C. 3.4 Hz D. 18 Hz - B. 1.7 Hz What is the best description of a wave? A. a pulse that carries energy B. a disturbance that moves matter C. a medium disturbed by a vibration D. matter that is moved from one place to another - A. a pulse that carries energy The wave shown below is produced in a rope. Diagram #18 Which shows the motion of the rope at Point P as the wave passes through it? A. B. C. D. - B.