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A comprehensive overview of the physiology and histology of the skin, covering topics such as the structure and function of the skin's layers, the role of various skin cells and components, and factors that affect skin health and aging. It includes detailed information on the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, as well as the skin's primary functions, including protection, sensation, heat regulation, secretion, absorption, and excretion. The document also discusses the importance of the acid mantle, the role of melanin, the effects of estrogen and testosterone, and the causes of premature aging. With a wealth of information on the skin's anatomy and physiology, this document could be a valuable resource for students and professionals in fields such as dermatology, cosmetology, and biology.
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Skin Question & Answers
Largest organ of the body - Correct Answers ✅Skin What are the 3 main layers of the skin? - Correct Answers ✅Epidermis, dermis and hypodermis The body is made of 50-70% ______________ - Correct Answers ✅Water Intecellular lipids, and keratin are produced in what layer of the skin? - Correct Answers ✅Stratum granulosum Where is melanin produced? - Correct Answers ✅Stratum germinativum Fibroblasts - Correct Answers ✅Skin cells that aid in the production of collagen Glands that secrete oil - Correct Answers ✅Sebaceous glands This product is known to stimulate cell turnover - Correct Answers ✅Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)
Skin Question & Answers
Free Radicals - Correct Answers ✅Atoms or molecules with an unbalanced electrical charge Stratum Germinativum - Correct Answers ✅aka: basal layer Where cells undergo cell division (mitosis) Contains melanocytes, which produce melanin Stratum Spinosum - Correct Answers ✅aka: spiny layer Largest layer of the epidermis Provides strength and flexibility to the skin Contains Langerhans immune cells Stratum Granulosum - Correct Answers ✅aka: granular layer; Layer of the epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with Keratin Replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum Stratum Lucidum - Correct Answers ✅A thin, clear layer of small skin cells in the epidermis that let light pass through. The thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Stratum Corneum - Correct Answers ✅aka: horny layer
Skin Question & Answers
Outer layer of the epidermis Regenerates itself, detoxifies the body and responds to stimuli Causes of premature aging - Correct Answers ✅Smoking Certain drugs Tanning What external factor has the greatest aging affect on the skin? - Correct Answers ✅UV rays/exposure Glycation - Correct Answers ✅When blood sugar goes up rapidly and continually, the sugar attaches to the collagen in the skin, making it stiff and inflexible. Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) - Correct Answers ✅Water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface. Estrogen - Correct Answers ✅An anti-inflammatory, an antioxidant and a key factor in tissue repair. Responsible for maintaining coordination, balance, skin moisture, vision, bones and the nervous system.
Skin Question & Answers
Primary functions of the skin - Correct Answers ✅Protection, sensation, heat regulation, secretion, absorption, excretion As estrogen levels decrease, ___________________________ levels rise. - Correct Answers ✅Testosterone Melanin - Correct Answers ✅Pigment that protects us from the sun Everyone has the same number Stimulated by exposure to sunlight and protects the cells below by absorbing and blocking UV radiation. Layers of the dermis - Correct Answers ✅Papillary and reticular Collagen - Correct Answers ✅A protein substance of complex fibers that give skin its strength and is necessary for wound healing. Elastin - Correct Answers ✅A fibrous protein that forms elastic tissue and gives skin its elasticity. True or false: the epidermis is thicker than the dermis - Correct Answers ✅False Cell division is called: - Correct Answers ✅Mitosis
Skin Question & Answers
What is the acid mantle? - Correct Answers ✅Protective layer of lipids and secretions on the skin's surface Consists of sebum, lipids, sweat and water Why does the body perspire? - Correct Answers ✅To protect us from overheating What is a follicle? - Correct Answers ✅Tube-like depressions in the epidermis with oil glands attached. What is a hydrolipidic film? - Correct Answers ✅Oil-water balance that protects the skin's surface Fiber protein found in skin, hair and nails - Correct Answers ✅Keratin When the arrector pili muscles contract, they cause : - Correct Answers ✅Goosebumps Ceramides - Correct Answers ✅Waxy lipid molecules important to barrier function and water-holding capacity
Skin Question & Answers
How long is the average adult's cell turnover rate, depending on a person's age and lifestyle? - Correct Answers ✅28 days Another name for the subcutaneous layer - Correct Answers ✅Hypodermis Another name for subcutis? - Correct Answers ✅Adipose tissue Sudoriferous glands - Correct Answers ✅Excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body Causes of couperose skin, or telangiectasia - Correct Answers ✅Some causes of vasodilation include heredity, alimentary (digestive) problems, alcohol, smoking, sun damage, harsh cosmetics, trauma, pregnancy, excessive localized heat, topical corticosteroids, inflammation, and heat-cold fluctuations. What is a common term for clients to use describing follicles? - Correct Answers ✅Pores What causes the body to produce its own vitamin D? - Correct Answers ✅Exposure to the sun
Skin Question & Answers
What does the enzyme tyrosinase do? - Correct Answers ✅Stimulates melanocytes and produces melanin. Keratinocytes - Correct Answers ✅Cells composed of keratin, comprise 95% of the epidermis. Contain proteins and lipids. Melanocytes - Correct Answers ✅Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer What is the pH of the acid mantle? - Correct Answers ✅5.