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Plato Test Exam Questions and Answers: A Comprehensive Guide to Plato's Philosophy, Exams of Advanced Education

A comprehensive set of test questions and answers related to plato's philosophy, covering key concepts, dialogues, and arguments. It offers insights into plato's ideas on justice, virtue, the soul, and the ideal state, providing a valuable resource for students studying plato's works. Organized in a clear and concise manner, making it easy to navigate and understand.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/02/2025

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399 TBCT"artsTenterTintoTpsyche"T-TCorrectTAnswer- CivicTvirtueTgroundedTinTspiritT,TsenseTofThonorTandTshame. DeathTofTSocratesT(heTisTfoundTguiltyTofTcorruptingTtheTyouthTandTisTor deredTtoTdrinkTpoison) EuthyphroT-TCorrectTAnswer- ReligiousTzealotTwhoTisTpersecutingThisTfather ATdialogueTwhereTSocratesTaddressesTtheTquestionTofTwhatTitTmeansTt oTbeTpious.TSocratesTapproachesTEuthyphroTaskingTquestionsTasTto"W hatTisTitTthatTpleasesTtheTGodsTandTwhatTdoesTitTmeanTtoTbeTpious" ByTtheTendTofTtheTconversationsTwhatTsocratesTgathersTisTthatTEuthypr oTfailsTtoTexplainTwhatTitTmeansTtoTbeTpious. "TisTsomethingTpiousTbecauseTitTisTlovedTbyTtheTGodsT,TorTisTitTlovedTbyT theTGodsTbecauseTitTisTpiousT" SocratesT-TCorrectTAnswer- wiseTgreekTphilosopherT,TwasTsentencedTtoTdeathTforTcorruptingTtheTy outhTwithThisTwiseTphilosophicalTknowledge.

SocratesTwasTknownTforThisTroleTinTtheTeuphyroT(TWhatTdoesTitTmeanTt oTbeTpious) AsTwellTasThisTacquiringTofTwhatTisT(TaTgoodTlifeT,TandTwhatTisTcourage) SocratesTwasTknownTforTquestioningTpoliticiansTandTacknowledgingTho wTtheyToftenTcontradictedTthemselvesT,TwhenTdefiningTtermsTsuchTasTc ourageT,TjusticeT,TandTpiety. BroughtTunderTtrialTforTimpiety ApolloT-TCorrectTAnswer- sonTofTZeusTandTLetoTandTtheTtwinTbrotherTofTArtemis GodTofThealingTandTmedicine,TandTofTmusicTandTpoetry leaderTofTtheTMuses alsoTwasTaTgodTofTprophecy,TandThisTOracleTatTDelphiTwasTveryTimport ant. PlatoT-TCorrectTAnswer-WriterTofTtheTrepublicTandTstudentTofTSocrates

CephalusT-TCorrectTAnswer- sonTofTLysanias,TwealthyTmeticTandTarmsTmanufacturer.TFatherTofTPole marchus. FirstTtoTofferTdefinitionTofTjustice:T"livingTupTtoTyourTlegalTobligationsTa ndTbeingThonest". RepresentsTtheTattitudeTofTanTolder,TestablishedTbusinessman. SocratesTdisputesTthisTbyTgivingTtheTmadmanTexampleT"legallyTyouTow eTtheTmadmanThisTweaponTback,TbutTthisTisTunjustTbecauseTitTwouldTri skTtheTlivesTofTothers." PolemarchusT-TCorrectTAnswer-SonTofTCephalus "JusticeTmeansTyouToweTfriendsThelp,TandTyouToweTenemiesTharm".T(c loselyTrelatedTtoTCephalus'Targument- TrenderingTtoTeachTwhatTisTdueTandTgivingTwhatTisTappropriate). RepresentsTtheTattitudeTofTaTyoungTpolitician. SocratesTpointsTout,T"becauseTourTjudgementTconcerningTfriendsTandT enemiesTisTflawed,TthisTwillTleadTusTtoTharmTtheTgoodTandThelpTtheTba d."T"ThereTisTsomeTincoherenceTinTtheTideaTofTharmingTpeopleTthrough Tjustice."

Thrasymachus-TTheTSophistT-TCorrectTAnswer- JusticeTisT"nothingTmoreTthanTtheTadvantageTofTtheTstronger."TItTdoesT notTpayTtoTbeTjust;TjustTbehaviorTworksTtoTtheTadvantageTofTotherTpeo ple,TnotTtheToneTactingTjustly.TTheTrationalTthingTtoTdoTisTignoreTjustice .T"TheTtrueTrulerTisTtheTtyrant". SocratesTmakesThimTadmitTthatTheTisTpromotingTtheTviewTthatTinjustic eTisTaTvirtue,TbutTinjusticeTcannotTbeTaTvirtueTbecauseTitTisTcontraryTtoT wisdomT(whichTisTaTvirtue).TItTisTcontraryTtoTwisdomTbecauseTtheTwiseT man,TwhoTisTskilledTinTsomeTart,TneverTseeksTtoTbeatToutTthoseTwhoTpo ssessTtheTsameTart SocratesTaddsT"inTorderTtoTreachTtheTgoalsTThrsymachusTmentionedTas TdesirableTneeds,ToneTmustTbeTmoderatelyTjustTinTadheringTtoTtheseTru les;TsinceTjusticeTisTaTvirtueTofTtheTsoulTandTvirtueTofTtheTsoulTmeansTh ealthTofTtheTsoul,TjusticeTisTdesirableTbecauseTitTmeansThealthTofTtheTs oul. GlauconT-TCorrectTAnswer-InTBookTII.TSocratesTyoungTcompanion. "AllTgoodsTcanTbeTdividedTintoT 3 Tclasses:T1.TThingsTweTdesireTforTtheirTc onsequencesT(physicalTtrainingTandTmedicalTtreatment)T2.TThingsTweTd esireTforTtheirTownTsakeT(joy)T3.TThingsTweTdesireTforTtheirTownTsakeTa ndTwhatTweTgetTfromTthemT(knowledge,Thealth,Tsight).TSysTjusticeTste msTfromThumanTweakness,TweTonlyTsufferTtheTburdenTofTjusticeTbecau seTweTknowTweTwouldTsufferTworseTwithoutTit.

GivesTtheTexampleTofTtheTringTofTGygesT(justTmanTisTgivenTaTringTofTinvi sibility;TprovesTpeopleTareTonlyTjustTbecauseTtheyTfearTpunishment) "ItTisTmoreTpleasurableTtoTbeTunjust" AdeimantusT-TCorrectTAnswer- WhyTshouldTtheTrulersTagreeTtoTaTmilitary-communisticTstate? argTvs.TpietyT=TwhatTtheTgodsTwant,TEuthyphroTdilemmaT&T 2 TviewsT(TTv oluntarismTvs.TTTrationalism),T-TCorrectTAnswer- "DoTtheTgodsTloveTgoodTactionTbecauseTitTisTgood,TorTisTgoodTactionTgo odTbecauseTitTisTlovedTbyTtheTgods?" EuthyphroTmeetsTSocratesToutsideTtheTcourtTofTAthens,TbeforeTSocrat esTtrial;TEuthyphroTisTthereTtoTprosecuteThisTfatherTwhoTunintentionall yTkilledTaTmurderousThiredThand. HasTaTtalkTwithTSocratesTaboutTwhatTholinessTis.TEndsTwithTtheTargume ntTthatTholinessTisTaTkindTofTtradingTwithTtheTgods,TweTgiveTthemTsacrif icesTandTtheyTgrantTourTprayers. SocratesTsaysTtoTsayTthisTisTtoTsayTholinessTisTwhatTisTapprovedTbyTtheT gods,TEuthyphroTexitsTangrily.

"AnTactionTisTrightTbecauseTitTisTlovedTbyTtheTgods"T=TtheologicalTvolun teersim "GodsTloveTtheTactionTbecauseTitTisTright"T=TtheologicalTrationalism Socrates'TideaTofTwisdom,T-TCorrectTAnswer- UnderstandingTofTtheTlimitsTofThisTknowledge. "ITknowTthatTITdoTnotTknow" 3 TaspectsTofTexaminedTlifeT-TCorrectTAnswer- 3 TAspectsTofTexaminedTlife: 1.TinquiresTintoTfundamentalTprinciplesT(whyTdoTweTdoTwhatTweTdo) 2.ThonorTknowledgeToverTallTelse 3.TacknowledgeTnotTknowingT(thinkingTyourselfTwiseTvs.TbeingTtrulyTwi se) 2 TreasonsTwhyTSocratesTwon'tTstopTphilosophizing,T-TCorrectTAnswer- ComesTupTinTapology DivineTmissionTtheTGodsTsentTmeTon GreatestTgoodTforThumanTbeings "TunexaminedTlifeTisTaTlifeTnotTworthTliving" 3 TcharactersT&TdefinesTofTjusticeTinTBookTIT-TCorrectTAnswer- 1.TCephalus:TjusticeTisTtoTspeakTtheTtruthTandTpayTyourTdebts

2.TPolemarchus:TjusticeTisTgivingTgoodTthingsTtoTfriendsTandTevilTthingsT toTenemies 3.TThrasymachus:TjusticeTisTnothingTotherTthanTtheTadvantageTofTtheTst ronger SocratesTonT 2 TkindsTofTartT-TCorrectTAnswer-notTsureTaboutTthisTone 1.TBeneficialTart,TwhichTisTcensoredTandTpromotesTgoodTbehavior 2.TNon- beneficialTart,TwhichTisTnotTcensoredTandTpromotesTimmortality or 1.TMusic 2.TPoetry/Theater (whichTstillTbothTneedTtoTbeTcensored) ThrasymachusTonTshepherdT-TCorrectTAnswer- HeTisTcomparingTaTrulerTtakingTcareTofThisTpeopleTtoTaTshepardTfattenin gTupThisTsheepTforTtheTsheep'sTsakeTratherTthanTtoTsellTthemTforTprofit. RulersTdon'tThaveTtheirTpeople'sTbestTinterestsTinTmind,TjustTtheirTown GlauconTonTjusticeT&T 3 TtypesTofTgoodsT-TCorrectTAnswer- goodsTwelcomeTforTtheirTownTsake,TindependentlyTofTtheirTconsequen cesT(e.g.,T"harmlessTpleasures")

goodsTdesirableTinTthemselvesTandTinTtheirTconsequences goodsTonlyTdesirableTinTtheirTconsequencesT(e.g.,Texercise) inTotherTwordsT... 1.TGoodTinTitself 2.TGoodTasTaTmeans 3.TBoth GygesTringT-TCorrectTAnswer- 1.TManTfindsTaTringTthatTmakesTyouTinvisibleT(LordTofTtheTRings???);Tw ouldTtheTmanTnotTdoTunjustTthingsTbecauseTheTknewTheTcouldn'tTbeTca ught? 2.TMoralTisTthatTpeopleTwouldTratherTseemTjustTbutTactTunjustTthanTse emTjustTandTactTjust modelTforTindividualTjusticeT=?T-TCorrectTAnswer- notTsureTaboutTthisTone TheThumanTsoul? TheTRepublicTitself? criticalTproblemTre:TrulersT-TCorrectTAnswer- notTsureTaboutTthisToneT(becauseTtheTquestionTisTunclear)

1.TRulersTareTnotTphilosophersTandTthereforeTdoTnotTknowTtheTcommo nTgoodT 2.TThereTisTnotTequalTopportunityTtoTbecomeTaTrulerTw/genderTinequal itiesTandTnepotismT 3.TPhilosopherTrulersTmustTmakeTtheTchoiceTtoTreturnTtoTpeopleTbelow

  • TRepublicTwouldTfixTallTtheseTthings 2 TcoreTideasTofT1stTcity:T(oneTmanToneTjob;TdivisionTofTlabor),T- TCorrectTAnswer-PeopleTmanufactureTitemsTthatTothersTwillTuse EachTpersonTonlyTdoesToneTjobTsoTtheyTgetTreallyTgoodTatTthem healthyTvs.TfeveredTcityT&TwhatTgivesTriseTtoTthem,T-TCorrectTAnswer- HealthyTcity:ToneTmanToneTjobTandTdoesTnotTexpand FeveredTcity:ThealthyTcityTbeginsTtoThaveTluxuryTandTstartsTtoTwarTwith TotherTneighbors musike,Tgymnastike,T-TCorrectTAnswer-ImitationTandTheroes PhysicalTandTmoral LargeTpartTofTmoralTeducation ShouldTbeTcensored

2 TTheologicalTLawsT-TCorrectTAnswer-GodsT"causeTonlyTgoodTthings..." GodsT=Tself-same,TneverTchange LaterT:TtruthT,TnotTretributive,TNotTindulgent. chiefTtestTforTadmissionTtoTcitizenT-TCorrectTAnswer-ChiefTtests: 1.TbecomeTcommonerTifTdrivenTbyTpleasure,TwantTfamily,TbutThaveTtoT doToneTjob 2.TbecomeTguardTifTdrivenTbyThonor/spirit,TnoTfamily,TmustTcommitTtoT commonTgood 3.TbecomeTrulerTifTdrivenTbyTwisdom,TnoTfamily,TmustTcommitTtoTcom monTgood rulingTclassT=?T-TCorrectTAnswer- WillTalwaysTdoTwhatTisTinTtheTcommonTinterest;T(BookTIII,T 412 - 414). 2 TpartsTofTtheTnobleTlieT-TCorrectTAnswer- SomeTpeopleThadTgoldTrunningTinTtheirTbloodTsignifyingTthatTtheyTwer eTroyalT Mythos AllTbornTfromTtheTearth,TallTcameTfromTtheTsameTmother.TEachTmadeTf romTdifferentTpreciousTmetals 3 TclassesTinTRepublicT=?T-TCorrectTAnswer-PhilosophersT(rulers)

Warriors commoners 4 TvirtuesT=?T 3 T-TCorrectTAnswer-Wisdom Courage Temperance,TallTofTwhichTleadTtoT... Justice partsTofTsoulT&TwhatTeachTwantsT-TCorrectTAnswer- TheTrational:TreasonT Ttruth,TgoodTlife TheTSpirited:ThonorT Thonor,Tvictory,TbelongingT TheTAppetite:TdesireT Tneeds,Tpleasured ***TheTsoulTmustTbeTunifiedTbyThavingTtheTcoreTinterestsTfulfilledTandT otherTneedsTmet correlationTtoTvirtues,Tclasses?T-TCorrectTAnswer- VirtueTofTWisdom:TcorrelatedTwithTphilosophers VirtueTofTCourage:TcorrelatedTwithTWarriorsT(guards) VirtueTofTTemperance:TcorrelatedTwithTcommoners 2 TargumentsTforTcityTinTIVT(commonTgoodTandT'self- development')T(shortTanswer)T-TCorrectTAnswer- GuardsTwillTwantTtoTleaveTbehindTfamily/friendsTforTtheTcommonTgoo d

GuardsTwillTbeTspirit-oriented/honor- orientedTandTwillTfindTtheTworkTsatisfying negativeTvs.TpositiveTfreedomT-TCorrectTAnswer- NegativeT(rightsTofTlife,Tliberty,TpursuitTofThappiness;TtrueTfreedomT=Td oTwhatTyouTwantTw/outTharmingTothers)Tvs.T PositiveT(rightsTofTempowerment,TeducationTforTabilities,Texcellence;Tt rueTfreedomT=TvirtueTandTself-actualization) PlatonicTjusticeT=Tself-harmonyT-TCorrectTAnswer-TheTvirtueTofTself- harmonyTbuildsTtheTframeTofTintegrityTwithinTwhichTtheTjustTliveTtheirTl ives.T justiceTinvolvesTinner,TreflectiveTdimensionT TheTcoreTvalueTinTlifeT=T'ethicalTwork'TtoTpreserveTone'sTvirtue 3 TwavesTofTcriticismT-TCorrectTAnswer- genderTegalitarianism,TstateTcontrolTofTreproduction,TphilosophersTare Trulers greatestTofTtheseT=?T-TCorrectTAnswer- iTdon'tTknowTwhatTthisTquestionTevenTmeansTfam coreTloveTofTphilosophicalTnatureT-TCorrectTAnswer- notTsureTaboutTthisTone,Teither: 1.TPhilosophersTloveTtheTcommonTgood

or 2.TphilosophersTloveTtruthTandTwisdom theT"twoTworlds"T(aesthetic,Tnoetic)T-TCorrectTAnswer- Noetic:TdeductiveTsystemTofTuniversalTtruthsT(EuclideanTgeometry) Aesthetic:TartTnTshit 4 TwaysTofT"knowing"T&TtheTLineT(imagination,TtrustTorTbelief;Tdemonst rativeTreasoningTorTscience;TdialecticTorTphilosophyTandTtheirTobjects)T

  • TCorrectTAnswer-1.TReasonT=TofTFormsTasTFormsT=TPHILOSOPHY 2.TUnderstandingT=TofTuniversalsT"notTasTForms"T=TSCIENCE OPINIONT(perceptionTandTlanguage) 3.TBeliefT=TofTperceptibleTobjects,TknowThowT=TEMPIRICALTJUDGMENT 4.TImagingTofTimagesTofTperceptibleTobjectsT=TFANTASY,TDREAMS,TART 5 TstagesTofTeducation/caveT-TCorrectTAnswer- 1.BeginTasTprisonersTofTtheTopinionsTofTsociety 2.AttainTaTcriticalTview 3.ScientificTenlightenmentTàTbeingTvs.Tbecoming 4.KnowledgeTofTtheTGoodTàTsynopticTvision,TloveTofTtheTtrueTGoodT(~G od) 5.LiveTinTthatTreality.

seeTshadowsT-TrecognizeTasTmanufacturedTthingsT- TthoughTimages/ideasT-Tideals Ruler'sTChoiceT(shortTanswer)T-TCorrectTAnswer- PhilosophicalTrulersThaveTaTgrandTintellectualTviewTofTlifeTandTaTsynopt icTviewTofTtheTworld.TTheTchoiceTthereforeTisTwhetherTtoTgoTbackTdow nTintoTtheTcity?TIsTitTjustTforTthemTtoTserveTasTadministratorsTinTpublicTl ifeTorTstayTawayTwithTtheirTknowledge?TThereTisTanTargumentTthatTthe yTshouldTgoTbackTdownTtoTtheTcityTbecauseTtheyThaveTreceivedTthisTfre eTeducationTandToweTitTtoTothersTtoTgoTback toTgoTbackTtoTtheTcommonersTafterTlearningTphilosophy 5 TtypesTofTscienceT-TCorrectTAnswer- 1.NumberTtheoryT=TOne,TDyad,TOdd,TEven,TEqual,Tetc 2.EuclideanTgeometryT=TLine,TCircle,Tangle,Tetc 3.SolidTgeometryT=T 3 - dimensionalT(interior) 4.MathematicalTastronomyT=TeverlastingTcircularTmovements;Trelation TofTnoetaTtoTphenomenaT 529 5.MathematicalTharmonicsT=TrationalityTunderlyingTperceptionTofTbea utyT(inTcosmosTandTsound) practicalTedTforTrulersT(shortTanswer)T-TCorrectTAnswer- TheyTshouldThaveTaTmoralTeducation

IncludesTcensorshipTofTtheTarts,TlikeTonlyTdisplayingTheroesTthatTmeetT SocratesTideaTofTjust AsTkids,TpresentedTonlyTpoems/artTthatThonorTgoodTvirtues;TonlyTpres entTgodsTasTdoingTgoodTandTnotTchangingTform cultivateTvirtuesTinTchildren 4 TunjustTcitiesT&TtypesT-TCorrectTAnswer- 1.MilitaryTsocietyT=TdistortedTbyTmilitaristicTvalues,TnoTEOTorThigherTed 2.OligarchyT=Tdon'tTcareTforTtheTcommonTgood,TlawsTimpoverishedTpo orTaTcivilTwar.T 3.Democracy*T=TtheT'people'TwantTfreedomT&Thappiness,TenvyTrichT&T elite,TlackTgoals,Tcommitment;TdegeneratesTintoTcivilTwar 4.TyrannyT=TruleTbyTshameless,TcriminalTdeceiversTwhoTlustTforTpower, TuseTlies,TfomentTcivicT&TforeignTwarTtoTaggrandizeTthemselves immortality/unityTofTsoulTinTBkTXT-TCorrectTAnswer- BadTthingsTwillTdestroyTthemselves,TbutTevenTbadTsoulsTdoTnotTdestroy Tthemselves,TandTareTthereforeTimmortal mythTofTErT-TCorrectTAnswer-TheTRepublic;TPlato FairytaleTtoldTtoTGlauconTatTtheTendingTofTtheTRepublic.TATmanTwentTt oTtheTunderworldTandTreceivedTpunishmentTforTinjusticeTandTrewardsT forTjustice.T DespiteTtheTrationalTjustificationsTforTSocrates'sTarguments,TsuggestsTt hatTthoseTunconvincedTbyTreasonTneedTfairytaleTtoTlearnTtoTdoTgood.

goodTman'sTchoiceT-TCorrectTAnswer-noTclue TheT"examinedTlife"TinTEuthyphroTandTApology.TPhilosophyT&TaTlifeT"w orthTliving"?T-TCorrectTAnswer-DoesTNotTpresumeTtoTknowTanything AlwaysTinquireT CompetitivenessT TrueTfriendshipTwithTotherTpeopleT,TTheirTareTnotTenemies NeverTavoidTaTpossibleTgoodTratherTthanTaTpossibleTevil.T(Apology) IsTsomethingTtrulyTreligiousTandTgoodTbecauseTtheTgodsTsayTitTis,TorTisTi tTbecauseTtheTgodsTsayTitTisTthatTitTisTtrulyTreligiousTandTgood.T(Euthyp hro) PietyTisTtheTcaretakingTofTtheTgodsTwhileTjusticeTisTtheTcaretaking(doin gTwhatTisTgoodTtoTman)TofTman.T(Euthyphro) EuthyphroTdoesTnotThaveTanTexaminedTlifeTbecauseTheTdoesTnotTquest ionThisTownTprinciples HavingTanTexaminedTlifeTisTworthTliving SocratesTvs.TThrasymachus.TWhatTdividesTthemTonTtheT'artTofTrule'?TEv aluateTSocrates'Targuments.T-TCorrectTAnswer- ThrasymachusTbelievesTthatTmightTmakesTright,TwhileTSocratesTarguesT theTtrueTruler,TasTaTtrueTcraftsman,TmustTcareTforThisTclients,TthoughTh eTmayTalsoTwantTtoTbeTpaidTforTit.T

SocratesTcarriesTtheTday:TtheTartTofTtheTruleTisTknowingThowTtoTcareTfo rTtheTwell- beingTofTtheTcommunity,TrulingTisTtheTcoreTfunctionTofTtheThumanTsoul ,TandTitsTvirtueTisTjustice. Glaucon'sTchallenge:T 3 TargumentsTjusticeTisTnotTgoodTinTitselfT(SHORTT ESSAY)T-TCorrectTAnswer- GlauconTarguedTthatTbyTnatureThumansTareTselfishTandTunjust,TandTtha tTjusticeTisTnotTgoodTinTitself;Tinstead,TjusticeTisTaTconsequentialTgoodT(i tTisTonlyTvaluedTforTtheTbeneficialTconsequences).TGlauconTtoldTtheTsto ryTofTTheTRingTofTGygesTtoTillustrateThisTpointTthatTjusticeTisTalwaysTself

  • interested. GlauconTtoldTtheTstoryTofTTheTRingTofTGygesTinTanTattemptTtoTillustrate ThisTpointTthatTjusticeThasTaT"relativeTvalueTdueTtoTourTinabilityTtoTdoT wrong." GygesTwasTaTshepherdTinTtheTserviceTofTtheTkingTofTLydia.THeTfoundTaTr ing,TwhichTturnedThimTinvisibleTwhenTheTtwistedTitTontoThisTfinger.TGy gesTusedTthisTpowerTofTinvisibilityTtoTcommitTunjustTacts;TheTseducedTt heTqueenTandTthenTworkedTwithTherTtoTcreateTaTplanTtoTkillTtheTking,Ta ndTtakeToverTtheTkingdom.TBecauseTtheTringTmadeThimTinvisible,TGyge sTwasTprotectedTfromTtheTconsequencesTofThisTactions. GlauconTthenTwentTonTtoTproposeTaTthoughtTexperiment;TheTsaidTifTtw oTofTtheseTringsTexistedTandTweTgaveToneTringTtoTaTjustTmanTandTtheTot herTringTtoTanTunjustTman,TthenTtheyTwouldTbothTproceedTtoTdoTunjust Tthings.TIfTtheTjustTmanTalsoTdidTbecomeTunjustTwhenTgivenTtheTring,Tth enTitTwouldTproveTGlaucon'sTpointTthatTpeopleTareTnotTjustToutTofTchoi ce;TjusticeTdoesTnotTserveTusTpersonallyTandTweTwouldTalwaysTdoTtheT

wrongTthingTifTweThadTtheTchance.TGlauconTwasTchallengingTtheTintrin sicTvalueTofTjustice. HeTclaimedTthatTanybodyTwouldTdoTtheTsameTasTGygesTifTtheyThadTtheT chance SUMMARY: 1.TPeopleTareTonlyTjustTbecauseTitTisTmoreTsociallyTacceptableTtoTseemT just 2.TGivenTtheTchance,TpeopleTwouldTbeTunjustTifTthereTwereTnoTconseq uences 3.TTheTunjustTmanTwhoTseemsTjustThasTaTmoreTpleasurableTlifeTthanTth eTjustTmanTthatTseemsTunjust MoralTeducation:ThowTdoT'music'TandT'gymnastic'TpromoteTcivicTvirtue TinTcitizenTclass?T-TCorrectTAnswer- MusicTprovidesTheroesTandTcanTpraiseTgoodTvirtues GymnasticsTtamesTtheTspirited/honorTsideTofTpeopleT(turnTawayTfromT violenceTandTtowardsTphysicalTfitness) GuardiansTlearnThowTtoTbeTstrongTbutTnotTwimpyTbyTlearningTboth RadicalTinstitutions:TargumentsTfor:TcensoringTarts;TeconomicTcommun ismTforTcitizenTclass;TsocializedTmedicine;Twomen'sTequalityTandTmarit alTcommunismT(ShortTAnswer)T-TCorrectTAnswer- CensoringTartsTwillTinfluenceTyouthTtowardsTgoodTandTawayTfromTimm ortality

EconomicTcommunismTwillTincreaseTequalTopportunityTandTreduceTlike lihoodTofTwarringTwithTneighbors SocializedTmedicine:TuhTidk Women'sTequality:TwomenTcanTdoTanythingTthatTaTmanTcanTdoTandTar eTonlyTheldTbackTbyTchildTrearing MaritalTcommunism:TwomenTwillThaveTtheTfreedomTtoTsucceedTandTw illTnotTbeTtemptedTtoTfavorTtheirTownTchildrenToverTcommonTgood ExplainTtheTmetaphors:TanalogyTofTtheTGoodTtoTtheTsunT&T"twoTworlds "T(ofTsense,Tmind);T 4 TtypesTofTknowledgeTonTtheTLine:ThowT&TwhatTthe yTknowT(examples);TtheTCaveT&TstagesTinTphilosophicalTeducationT(SH ORTTESSAY)T-TCorrectTAnswer- TheTSun:TanalogyTforTtheTGoodTbecauseT... Light:TilluminatesTthingsTsoTweTcanTsee Heat:TcausesTthingsTtoTgrowTandTmove WeTcan'tTlookTatTit;TweTneedTtoTseeTformsTthenTgraspTtheTunderlyingTe ssenceTofT"Good" LineTandT 4 TtypesTofTknowledge DividedTintoTtwoTpartsTwhichTareTthenTalsoTdividedTintoTtwo Knowledge Reason:TunderstandingTformsTasTformsT("WhatTisTbeauty?") Trust/Belief:TunderstandingTideasTlikeTmathT("ThisTvaseTisTbeautiful") Opinion

UnderstandingTperceptibleTobjectsT(seeingTtheTobjectTforTitself)T("ThisT isTaTvase") ImaginingTofTimagesTofTperceptibleTobjectsT("ThisTisTaTshadowTofTaTvas e") TheTcave: 1.TWeTseeTshadowsTofTwhatTisTrealTandTassumeTthatTisTreal 2.TWeTareTfreedTfromTourTchainsTandTrecognizeTthatTactualTobjectsThav eTbeenTmakingTtheTshadows 3.TWeTareTledToutTofTtheTcaveTandTcanTrecognizeTformsTthroughTthingsT likeTscienceTandTmath 4.TWeTseeTtheTsunTandTrecognizeTtheTGoodTandTessencesT 5.TWeTmustTmakeTtheTchoiceTtoTreturnTtoTtheTcaveTtoTeducateTthoseTin Tit TheTunjustTcitiesT&Ttypes:ThowTtheyTareTdeficientTjusticeT(e.g.Tdemocra cy/theTdemocrat)T-TCorrectTAnswer-Military- aristocratic:TdominatedTbyTlustTforThonor,TnoTequalTopportunityTorThig herTeducation Oligarchy:TnoTcommonTgood,TimpoverishesTtheTpoorTwithTlaws,Tdomin atedTbyTlustTforTwealth Democracy:TlackTgoals,Tcommitment;TonlyTwantTfreedom;TdominatedT byTlustTforTfreedom Tyranny/Dictatorship:TusesTliesTandTwarTtoTaggrandizeTself;Tdominated TbyTlustTforTviolence

ClosingTargument:ToneTofTtheT 3 TargumentsTforTjusticeTinTBookTIXT(freed om/friendship;TgreaterTpleasure;Tpleasure,Ttruth,Treality)T(ShortTAnsw er)T-TCorrectTAnswer-TyrantTwillTneverTbeTfulfilledTbecause 1.TTheyTwillTnotTknowTwhoTtheirTtrueTfriendsTareTandTthereforeTalways TbeTlookingToverTtheirTshoulder 2.TTheTpursuitTofTintellectual,Tsocial,TandTaestheticTpleasureTisTfarTgrea terTthanTthatTofTmindless,Tisolated,TshallowTpleasure 3.TQuestTofTtruthTexceedsTtheTfake,Tself-deceivingTquestTofTpower ESSAY!!!TSocrates'TtheoryTofTsocialTjustice:TdescriptionTofThisT'City',Tjus tificationTheTwouldTgive,TevaluationT-TCorrectTAnswer- socialTjusticeTstemsTfromToneTmanToneTjob,TbutTalsoTfromTfulfillingTtheT desireTofTone'sTtripartiteTsoul 1.TcommonsTdoToneTjobTandTdoTitTreallyTwell;TthisTpreventsTcompetitio n,TmakesTsureTeveryone'sTneedsTareTmet,TpreventsTwarringTwithTneigh bors,TandTeliminatesTsocialTclasses 2.TifTwarringTdoesTariseTthroughTtheTinventTofTluxuries,TguardsTwhoTare TmoreTspiritTorThonorTorientedTrenounceTtheirTfamilyTandTprotectTtheTc ityTbasedTonTtheirTloveTforTtheTcommonTgood;TareTtrainedTinTmusicTan dTgymnastics 3.TrulersTwouldTbeTtrainedTasTphilosophers;TwouldThaveTnoTkidsTorThus bands,TandTonlyTobligationTwouldTbeTtowardTtheTcommonTgood;ThaveT moreTeducationTthanTanybodyTelse bottomTline:TwhenTallTthreeTclassesTinTtheTcityTworkTaccordingTtoTtheirT respectiveTvirtues,TsocialTjusticeTisTachieved

Essay!!Socrates'TtheoryTofTmoralTandThigherTeducation:Tdiscuss,Texplai nT(hisTreasoning),TcriticalTevaluationTofTitTasTpreparationTforTjustTruleTa ndTaTgoodTlifeT-TCorrectTAnswer-MoralTeducationTforThigherTclass: 1 .TreligionTandTchildren'sTbooks:TreligionTmakesTpeopleTvirtuous,Trecei veTbeliefsTandTvalues 2.TroleTplayingTandTimitation 3.Tmusic,Tgymnastics,TreceiveTheroes 4.TtestTandTformTcivicTvirtue 5.TdevelopTcourage,Tmoderation,TandTjustice ESAAYT!!!TSocrates'TtheoryTofTtheTsoul,Tself- governmentTandTindividualTjusticeT-TCorrectTAnswer- TripartiteTtheoryTofTsoul: 1.TthreeTparts:Treason,Tspirit,TandTdesire 2.ToneTofTtheTthreeTpartsTisTmostTdominant,TactTaccordingTtoTit 3.Tself-harmonyTmeansTbalancingTofTtheseTthreeTparts Self-governmentTandTindividualTjustice: 1.TbalanceTofTtheTthreeTpartsTmeanTinnerTharmony,TproducesTaTjustTpe rson 2.TaTsocietyTwhereTeveryoneTworksTinTaccordanceTwithTtheirTsoulTisTaTj ustTsociety

ESSAYT!!!!TPhilosophicalTdiscussionTof:TtheTSun;TtheTLine;TorTtheTCaveT metaphorsT-TCorrectTAnswer-(allTtheseTareTexplainedTinTearlierTcards)