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PLTW Biomed Final Exam With 100%
Correct Answers 2024
gross exam - Correct Answer-a microscopic examination of the tissues that make up the brain. Can see with your eyes and can be handled by hand. medical examiners - Correct Answer-what professional would perform a gross exam of organs? histological exam - Correct Answer-studies microscopic anatomy of tissues. needs to use a microscope to see individual cells. forensic histologist, histologist - Correct Answer-what professional would perform a histological exam of tissues? nervous system - Correct Answer-contains the brain, brain stem, spinal cord, and nerves. it is responsible for receiving, interpreting, and reacting to signals from inside and outside the body. uses chemical and electrical signals that transmit through the body, and responds to changes that it detects. nerve signals control most bodily functions, including sensation, movement, and digestive processes.
PNS - Correct Answer-all the nerves in the body are part of the peripheral nervous system. the PNS brings information from the outside world and from within the body to the CNS. CNS - Correct Answer-the brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system. the CNS receives data from the PNS (outside world). the brain processes the information, makes decisions about what to do, and sends signals back via the peripheral nervous system to bring about a specific change. frontal lobe - Correct Answer-responsible for planning and organizing incoming information. also controls behavior and emotion. parietal lobe - Correct Answer-crucial in integrating sensory and visual information. temporal lobe - Correct Answer-used for processing language and storing information in the long-term memory. occipital lobe - Correct Answer-receives and processes sensory nerve impulses from the eyes.
organ system - Correct Answer-composed of multiple organs, for example, the nervous system is composed of all the organs in the nervous system, which is responsible for all activities in the nervous system epithelial tissue - Correct Answer-composed of epithelial cells aligned in sheets and connected to one another. this tissue can be found lining the outer surfaces of all organs and blood vessels, in the mouth, and on the surfaces of humans. this tissue works to absorb, secrete, protect, and sense for us. connective tissue - Correct Answer-supports and connects other tissue types in the body. different types of connective tissue work to hold organs in place, attach muscle to bones, link bones with joints, or enable other tissues (like lungs) to stretch. it is found attached to and in between other tissues types in the body. nervous tissue - Correct Answer-nerves, the spinal cord, and the brain are composed of nervous tissues. this tissue, made up of specialized cells called neurons, works to receive, interpret, and respond to signals.
muscle tissue - Correct Answer-makes up the muscles found in the body. can be striated, smooth, or cardiac striated muscle - Correct Answer-also known as skeletal muscle tissue, is attached to bones; voluntary smooth muscle - Correct Answer-found in the walls of internal organs; involuntary cardiac muscle - Correct Answer-found in the walls of the heart. this tissue provides the ability to contract; involuntary genome - Correct Answer-complete sets of genes within an organism, and genes are made up of blood blood is made up of 4 different bases which can create a variety. since genomes are genes, genes are responsible for determining the cell structure and function by directing synthesis of proteins and coding RNA molecules. - Correct Answer-how does a single genome code for so many types of tissues?
histologist - Correct Answer-studies microscopic anatomy of tissues. they view tissue types under microscopes to study. trained to spot these variations in tissues that provide clues as to what happened to an individual prior to their death. they prepare tissue samples for pathologists. They are trained to cut samples from organs or other pieces of tissue and stain them with materials such as dyes, which can aid in microscopic tissue analysis. they do this around the same time a gross examination is being performed. they usually start their job as soon as possible to get results, but also avoid any decay. their job is important because they help medical examiners determine the cause of death. their work is incredibly important as tissues react in very specific ways to external influences. also examine tissues from living individuals who may have a tissue-related disease. systemic pump - Correct Answer-left side of the heart; pumps blood to the body to drop off oxygen. pulmonary pump - Correct Answer-right side of the heart; pumps blood to lungs to get oxygen atria - Correct Answer-receive blood as it enters the heart
"receiving halls" right atrium (RA) - Correct Answer-receives deoxygenated blood coming back from the body left atrium (LA) - Correct Answer-receives oxygenated blood coming back from the lungs right ventricle (RV) - Correct Answer-pushes deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen left ventricle (LV) - Correct Answer-pushes oxygenated blood to the body veins - Correct Answer-carry blood back to the heart arteries - Correct Answer-carry blood away from the heart vena cavas - Correct Answer-the largest vein in the human body, the inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart from body parts below the diaphragm.
pulmonary valve - Correct Answer-between RV & pulmonary artery angina - Correct Answer-- chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart
- primary symptom of coronary artery disease. -coronary artery disease is a cardiovascular condition in which atherosclerosis (the buildup of plaque in artery walls) occurs in the arteries that supply the heart (coronary arteries) atherosclerosis - Correct Answer-- a cardiovascular disease characterized by the gradual buildup of plaque in artery walls
- results from damage to the inner artery wall. This damage causes artery stiffness and the development of fatty deposits (plaque)
- plaque may grow in size until it completely blocks an artery, which is called total occlusion. when total occlusion occurs in vessels that supply the heart or brain, a heart attack or stroke may occur
myocardial infarction - Correct Answer-- a serious condition that occurs when blood and oxygen supply to the heart is reduced, causing part of the heart muscle to suddenly die
- results from plaque blockage (atherosclerosis) in the coronary arteries.
- blood supply to the heart may also become blocked when plaque from elsewhere in the body ruptures and forms a blood clot
- the blood clot can break off, travel to the heart, and get lodged in the smaller coronary arteries
- may experience immediate chest or arm pain, increased heart rate, sweating, fatigue, and nausea aortic valve stenosis - Correct Answer-- heart condition that occurs when the aortic valve narrows, partially obstructing blood flow across the valve
- AS is often caused by calcification of the aortic valve as one ages, which stiffens the valve and narrows the valve opening
- AS may not experience any symptoms, as AS typically develops over many years. However, in patients with advanced AS, chest pain, dizziness and fainting during exercise, and congestive heart failure are common symptoms
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Correct Answer-- a condition in the heart when the walls become abnormally thick
- this makes it hard for the heart to pump blood
- often goes undiagnosed for lack of symptoms ventricular septal defect - Correct Answer-- this is due to an abnormal connection between the ventricles or lower chambers of the heart
- it is a common heart defect, more likely to occur at birth
- involves a hole that is in the wall of the heart between the lower chambers
- most holes close on their own bacterial endocarditis - Correct Answer-- an infection caused by bacteria that has entered the bloodstream
- the bacteria settles either in the lining of the heart, in a heart valve, or a blood vessel
- this causes the endocardium to become inflamed, which damages the heart valves
stethoscope - Correct Answer-used to listen to sounds produced within the body chiefly in the heart and lungs scale - Correct Answer-measures weight sphygmomanometer - Correct Answer-measuring the force of blood through the blood vessels tape measure - Correct Answer-used to take body measurements pulse oximeter - Correct Answer-measures the amount of oxygen in blood thermometer - Correct Answer-measures the degree of one's body heat in fahrenheit or celsius. pulse - Correct Answer-number of heart beats per minute body mass index - Correct Answer-to calculate body mass index (ratio of height to weight)
RN (Registered Nurse) duties - Correct Answer-Maintain records, give patients meds, order & interpret tests, start IVs, educate patients NP (Nurse Practitioner) degree and training - Correct Answer- Bachelors & then Masters or Doctorate + training beyond RN NP (Nurse Practitioner) - Correct Answer-- Ordering, performing and interpreting diagnostic tests such as lab work and x-rays.
- Diagnosing and treating acute and chronic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, infections and injuries.
- Prescribing medications and other treatments. Managing patients' overall care.
- Counseling.
- Educating patients on disease prevention and positive health and lifestyle choices. leukocyte, white blood cell (WBC) - Correct Answer-largest blood cell; active in immune system, protects against pathogens, foreign substances, and cell debris. 5 kinds of
nucleated cells that fight infections; 4,500-11,000/mL or 4.5- 11 x 109/L thrombocytes (platelets) - Correct Answer-responsible for clotting blood during bleeding; 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. erythrocytes, red blood ells (RBC) - Correct Answer-carries oxygen; the cells that transport oxygen around the body. men
- 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microlitre (cells/mcL) women - 4. to 5.4 million cells/mcL plasma - Correct Answer-removes waste from cells and gives necessities to blood cells phlebotomist - Correct Answer-trained to draw blood from patients who require testing as well as blood donors. They draw and prepare blood for medical testing, transfusions or donation. trained to collect blood samples via venipuncture, finger pricks, or in the case of infants, heel pricks. hematologist - Correct Answer-they study blood, blood- forming organs and blood diseases. is a doctor that specializes
that carries oxygen to all the cells in your body. anemia is a common side effect in patients with cancer. high RBC - Correct Answer-limited oxygen supply due to heart or other condition is triggering need for extra RBCs low hemoglobin - Correct Answer-lead to anemia, which causes symptoms like fatigue and trouble breathing. high hemoglobin - Correct Answer-occurs most commonly when your body requires an increased oxygen-carrying capacity, usually because: you smoke, or you live at a high altitude and your red blood cell production naturally increases to compensate for the lower oxygen supply there. low hematocrit - Correct Answer-loss of blood, iron deficiency, bone marrow problems or a disease like sickle cell high hematocrit - Correct Answer-means that you have more red blood cells than what's considered to be healthy. could indicate underlying medical conditions like: Dehydration. Carbon monoxide poisoning.
low platelet count - Correct Answer-also called thrombocytopenia. this condition can range from mild to severe, depending on its underlying cause. for some, the symptoms can include severe bleeding and are possibly fatal if they're not treated. high platelet count - Correct Answer-cancers such as lung, ovarian, gastrointestinal or breast cancer can cause this Lipid Panel - Cholesterol - Correct Answer-Blood test for the prevention of disease, particularly heart disease, is the test for cholesterol. It measures the total cholesterol levels. Too much cholesterol in the blood, particularly LDL, can cause a build-up of plaque, a fatty substance that builds up inside the arteries. HDL helps get rid of the excess LDL that can cause blockages. Therefore, a balance of LDL and HDL keeps circulating lipids from becoming trapped inside our blood vessels. Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) - Correct Answer-A blood test that measures your sugar (glucose) level, electrolyte and fluid balance, and kidney function. Glucose is a type of sugar your body uses for energy. Electrolytes keep your body's fluids in balance. It checks the status of your metabolism that monitors specific substances in the blood and provides information about these reactions. Abnormal metabolic panel results may
