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PLTW Biomed Lesson 2.2 Review
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) correct answersOne of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy Amino acids correct answersMonomers of proteins Atom correct answersBasic unit of matter Calorie (food energy) correct answersA measure of the amount of energy in food Chemistry calorie correct answersAmount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C Carbohydrate correct answersCompound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body Chemical Bond correct answersThe force that holds two atoms together Chemical Indicator correct answersA substance (as a dye) used to show visually usually by its capacity for color change, the condition of a solution with respect to the presence of free acid or alkali or some other substance. Chemical reaction correct answersThe process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances Compound correct answersA substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Covalent Bond correct answersA chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule Dehydration Synthesis correct answersA chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. Disaccharide correct answersA double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. Element correct answersA pure substance made of only one kind of atom Glucose correct answersThe form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. Homeostasis correct answersA tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level Hydrolysis correct answersBreaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water Ionic Bond correct answersFormed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another Lipid correct answersMacromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes Macromolecule correct answersA molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer. Molecule correct answersTwo or more atoms held together by covalent bonds Monomer correct answersA simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
What types of foods supply sugar, starch, proteins, and lipids? correct answersCarbohydrate- soda, juice, skim/whole milk, yogurt, crackers, low fat crackers, chips, marshmallows Starch- pudding, cereal, yogurt, crackers, low fat crackers, chips, marshmallows Proteins- egg white, peanuts, cereal, skim/whole milk, yogurt Lipids- peanuts, pudding, whole milk, crackers, low fat crackers, chips, marshmallows How can food labels be used to evaluate dietary choices? correct answersFood labels can be used to evaluate dietary choices by showing multiple nutrients that your body needs and it shows how much you receive by the serving size or all together. What role do basic nutrients play in the function of the human body? correct answersBasic nutrients help the body develop. Such as Proteins,Carbs,Fats and Minerals/Vitamins. Proteins help with the building and repair. Carbs provide needed energy. Fats not only provide extra energy but its also used as a storage space and transportation of fat-soluble vitamins. MInerals and Vitamins help in regulation of the body function. What are basic recommendations for a diabetic diet? correct answersExercise daily, Watch nutrient intake such as having a high protein diet, eating whole grains and plenty of vegetables. What are the main structural components of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids? correct answersCarbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The main function of carbohydrates is energy storage. All carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides, the monomer of carbohydrates. Glucose, fructose, deoxyribose, and ribose sugars are all examples of monosaccharides. Other forms of carbohydrates are disaccharides and polysaccharides. Disaccharides have two monosaccharides linked together and polysaccharides have 3 or more monosaccharides linked together. Proteins are made up of amino acids which are composed of an amino group, carboxyl group, and variable group. They are used to build, repair, and maintain tissues. An example of a protein is enzymes. Amino acids are held together by peptide bonds. Lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Lipids are used for long term energy storage, membrane structure, and cell communication. Examples include triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids. What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? correct answersDehydration synthesis removes a water molecule in order to bind together two monomers. Hydrolysis splits two monomers and releases energy by adding a water molecule.
How do dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis relate to harnessing energy from food? correct answersForms bonds to store energy and break bonds so that the energy from the bonds can be used. How is the amount of energy in a food determined? correct answersIt is determined by calories. Calories are the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water one degree celsius. One food calorie(kilocalorie) is 1000 chemistry calories. Measured in joules.
