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PLTW BioMed Unit 2: Diabetes Test
Diabetes correct answersA disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels(Blood Sugar) in your blood stream Where is glucose from? correct answersCarbohydrates What is insulin produced by? correct answersPancreas Cause of diabetes correct answersInsufficient production of insulin or the inability of the insulin to function properly to push glucose into your cells Diabetes Mellitus correct answersGreek word that means "Honey sweet flow". Comes from the time when doctors would taste patients urine to determine if they had glucose in their bloodstream. Glucose correct answersSource of fuel for our body/cells and comes from the food we eat and digest. Number of Americans with diabetes correct answers23.6 million Normal Glucose level in blood correct answers70-115 mg/dL Anna's Glucose Level correct answers425 mg/dL Symptoms of Diabetes(10) correct answersFrequent urination, Unusual thirst, Extreme hunger, Extreme Fatigue, Irritability, Cuts and bruises slow to heal,
Tingling in hands and feet, Recurring skin and gum infection, Bladder infection, Unusual weight loss. Why do foot blood vessels constrict and harden? correct answersDiabetes. True/False: Doctors always check the feet of people with diabetes. correct answersTrue Dry Gangrene correct answersOccurs when tissue dies because the blood supply is interrupted and oxygen is not carried by RBCs to the tissue. Necrosis correct answersDeath of tissue Wet Gangrene correct answersCan be caused by an infection of the bacteria, injury, or complication of long term condition that restricts circulation to cells and tissue. Clostridium Perfringens correct answersA type of bacteria that causes wet gangrene Gangrene correct answersDeath of tissue, smells like rotting meat Type 1 Diabetes correct answersThe Pancreas Beta cells do not produce enough insulin, and the body's immune system destroys the beta cells. Type 2 Diabetes correct answersWhen cell insulin receptors become resistant to insulin, the cells won't allow the insulin to function properly and glucose doesn't enter the cell. 2% of the pancreas... correct answersis beta cells that sense glucose in the blood and release the necessary amount of insulin
Type of Diabetic Patient B is correct answersType 2 Names of Type 1 Diabetes: Old and New correct answersOld: Juvenile Diabetes New: Insulin Deficient Diabetes Names of Type 2 Diabetes: Old and New correct answersOld: Adult Onset Diabetes New: Insulin Resistant Diabetes Glucagon correct answersA protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin. Glucose Tolerance Test correct answersA test of the body's ability to metabolize glucose that involves the administration of a measured dose of glucose to the fasting stomach and the determination of blood glucose levels in the blood or urine at intervals thereafter and that is used especially to detect diabetes. Homeostasis correct answersThe maintenance of relatively stable internal physiological conditions (as body temperature or the pH of blood) in higher animals under fluctuating environmental conditions. Hormone correct answersA product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces a specific, often stimulatory, effect on the activity of cells that are often far from the source of the hormone. Insulin correct answersA protein hormone secreted by the pancreas that is needed metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood (Blood Sugar). Moves glucose from blood to cells. Negative Feedback correct answersA primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation. Move above and below correct answers... Target set point correct answers...
Towards stabilization correct answers... E.g. temperature correct answers... Positive Feedback correct answersFeedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output. Move away from correct answers... Target set point correct answers... Amplify correct answers... E.g. fruit ripening (ethylene) correct answers... Type 1 Diabetes correct answersDiabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels. Type 2 Diabetes correct answersDiabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increased insulin production. Protons correct answersPositive charged particles in the nucleus of an atom Neutrons correct answersNeutral charged particles in the nucleus in an atom Electrons correct answersNegative charged particles in the orbits of an atom Atomic number correct answersNumber of protons in an element and number of electrons in an element with no charge
Treatments for Type 1 Diabetes correct answersCheck blood glucose using Hemoglobin A1C Insulin Pumps correct answers... Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes correct answersPills Exercise and Diet correct answers... Injectable medications correct answers... Two types of Nucleic Acids correct answersDeoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) correct answers... Calorie correct answersThe amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1° C Active Transport correct answersTransport proteins move solutes against a concentration gradient, requires energy Diffusion correct answersParticles spread out evenly in an available space Hypotonic correct answerssolution with solute concentration lower than the cell Cell swlls correct answers... Hypertonic correct answerssolution with solute concentration greater than the cell Cell shrinks correct answers...
Exocytosis correct answersA vesicle may fuse with the membrane and expel its contents Endocytosis correct answersMembranes may fold inward enclosing material from the outside Macromolecules correct answersNutrients we need Monosaccharides correct answersOne sugar (Glucose, Fructose) Polysaccharides correct answersMany sugers (Starch, Glycogen) Lipids (fats/oils) correct answersTriglycerides Proteins correct answersAmino Acid Building blocks
