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PLTW Biomed Unit 2.1 Study Guide
Medical History correct answersA record of information about a patient's past and current health. Includes information about the patient's habits, lifestyle, and even the health of their family. Chief Complaint correct answersThe patient's description of what they feel is their main health problem. Physical Signs correct answersPieces of evidence that indicate an illness that can be observed externally, such as a rash, coughing, or elevated temperature. Symptoms correct answersAny subjective evidence of a disease a patient perceives, such as aches, nausea, or fatigue. Symptoms allow the health care provider to narrow down the possible conditions that may be affecting the patient and then run tests to make a diagnosis. When dialoguing about a patient's history, what factors should be discussed to determine if they are more or less susceptible for disease/illness? correct answersWhen dialoguing about a patient's history you should consider asking them about their medical history to determine if they are more or less susceptible for disease. You should also inquire about their family's medical history and if they have any history with certain diseases. Bloodwork could also be a useful tool in finding out if a patient is more or less susceptible. Summarize four tips for how to effectively interview a patient? Be sure to include demeanor, tact, and empathy in your answer. correct answersEstablish rapport, or a sympathetic and positive relationship, and keep the conversation friendly Sit across from the patient and make eye contact. Be ready to take brief, concise notes, but avoid looking down at notes while asking questions or listening to answers. Take your questions one step at a time, and listen to the patient. Pay attention to their facial expression and gestures and take note of any that seem significant; they can provide clues that guide follow-up questions. Be respectful and open minded. Do not make any prejudgments or assumptions about the patient.
Heart Rate correct answersHeart rate is the number of times your heart beats in one minute. You can measure heart rate on the wrist, neck, or with medical equipment. A normal range is 60-100 beats per minute. Respiration Rate correct answersRespiratory rate is the measure of the number of breaths you take in a minute. The normal range is 12-20 breaths per minute. You can measure by counting the number of breaths you take each minute. Blood Pressure correct answersBlood pressure is the pressure that blood exerts upon the walls of blood vessels, especially arteries. It is usually measured with a sphygmomanometer and expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm HG). The normal range for blood pressure is less than 120 systolic pressure and less than 80 diastolic pressure. Temperature correct answersBody temperature is a measure of how warm your body is. It is important to measure a patient's temperature because it can help detect illness and also monitor whether or not treatment is working. It can be measured orally, by ear, or under armpit with a thermometer. A healthy range is 97.7 to 99 degrees fahrenheit. Oxygen Saturation correct answersOxygen saturation is the amount of oxygen carried by the blood for use in the body. IT is measured using a device called a pulse oximeter. The unit of measurement is called SpO2 or peripheral oxygen saturation. A normal range is between 95-99%. What does CBC measure? correct answersThe relative count ofc each type of cell or cell fragment in the sample. White Blood Cells correct answersThe five types of cells that the body used to fight infection and injury and maintain our health. Red Blood Cells correct answersThe cells that transport oxygen around the body. Hemoglobin correct answersThe oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Hematocrit correct answersMeasures the proportion of red blood cells in the blood.
Causes & Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes correct answersType 2 usually develops in adults, most often obese adults. It usually develops in those who aren't physically active. Symptoms include fatigue, increased thirst & hunger, etc. Glucose and Insulin levels for Type 1 Diabetes correct answersIf you have type one, your body does not produce much, if any insulin. Because of the insulin deficiency, those diagnosed have high blood glucose. (insulin is not produced so the body can't properly store glucose) Glucose and Insulin levels for Type 2 Diabetes correct answersThose with type 2 bodies do not respond correctly to insulin (insulin resistance). As a result, blood sugar does not get into cells to be stored causing a high level of sugar in the blood. (insulin is produced but body does not respond correctly) Role of Pancreas in Type 1 Diabetes correct answersType one diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not make enough or any insulin. Role of Pancreas in Type 2 Diabetes correct answersType two diabetes still produced insulin from the pancreas, but the body cannot use the insulin correctly. How does food choices impact type Type 1 levels? correct answersAfter eating a carb heavy meal, glucose levels spike but insulin does not. Exercise lowers the glucose levels but not as much as a non- diabetic. How does food choices impact Type 2 diabetes? correct answersAfter eating a carb heavy meal, glucose levels spike and so does insulin. However, insulin does not lower by itself, it only does a little bit in comparison to a non-diabetic. What is Glucagon correct answersGlucagon is a hormone that raises a person's blood sugar, and is used to make sure blood sugar does drop to low Type 1 Glucagon Levels correct answersIn type one the insulin deficiency greatly diminishes the ability of muscles to store glucose in the form of glycogen. When a person has type 1, no glucagon is released to insure that blood sugar doesn't drop too low.
Type 2 Glucagon Levels correct answersGlucagon release is no longer inhibited during the mealtime rise in blood glucose. This leads to elevated levels of glucagon in type two diabetes. Carbs (description, food found in, order used by the body) correct answersCarbs are found in foods and living tissues. They are the primary source of energy for cells. Bread, noodles, vegetables, fruits, etc. 1st source of energy for our cells Lipids (description, food found in, order used by the body) correct answersOne of a family of compounds including fats phospolipids, anbd steroids, that are insoluble in water. Avocados, olive oil, canola oil, butter, coconut oil, etc. 2nd source of energy for our cells Protein (description, food found in, order used by the body) correct answersA molecule made of building blocks called amino acids. A protiens form and function is also determined by a cell's nucleic acid sequence. Protien is a "last resort" source of energy for the cells. Eggs, chicken, chickpeas, soy beans, turkey, steak, etc. 3rd source of energy for our cells Nucleic Acids (description, order used by the body) correct answersBiomlecules that carry the instructions for producing proteins. Both DNA and RNA are examples of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are not a soure of energy for our cells. Positive Feedback Loop correct answersA positive feedback mechanism causes the variable to change inthe same direction as the original change, resulting in a greater deviation from the set point. Positive feedback mechanisms typically activate events that are self-perpetuating. Most positive feedback mechanisms are not related to the maintenance of homeostasis. Negative Feedback Loop correct answersA negative feedback mechanism causes the variable to change in a way that opposes the initial change. The goal of negative feedback is to prevent sudden, severe changes in the body. Most homeostasis control mechanisms are negative feedback.
