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PLTW Biomedical Sciences Exam Review With 100% Correct Answers 2024 Superior vena cava - Correct Answer-Identify # 1 Right pulmonary artery - Correct Answer-Identify # 2 Right pulmonary veins - Correct Answer-Identify # 3 Right atrium - Correct Answer-Identify # 4 Pulmonary valve - Correct Answer-Identify # 5 Tricuspid valve - Correct Answer-Identify # 6 Right ventricle - Correct Answer-Identify # 7 Inferior vena cava - Correct Answer-Identify # 8
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Left atrium - Correct Answer-Identify # 32 Mitral valve - Correct Answer-Identify # 33 Left ventricle - Correct Answer-Identify # 35 Interventricular septum - Correct Answer-Identify # 37 Aorta - Correct Answer-The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distrubuted by branch arteries through the blood. Aortic valve - Correct Answer-The semi-lunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. Artery - Correct Answer-Any of the tubular branching muscular and elastic-walled vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body.
Atrium - Correct Answer-An anatomical cavity or passage; especially a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle or ventricles. Cardiovascular system - Correct Answer-The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other wastes; composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Cell - Correct Answer-The smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently. Inferior vena cava - Correct Answer-A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm. Mitral valve - Correct Answer-A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle; prevents the blood in the ventricle from returning to the atrium. (Bicuspid valve)
means of a sphygmomanometer and expressed in millimeters of mercury. Cardiology - Correct Answer-The study of the heart and its actions and diseases. Diastole - Correct Answer-The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle is relaxed, allowing the chambers to fill with blood. Diastollic pressure - Correct Answer-Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions. Electrocardiogram (EKG) - Correct Answer-A measurement of heart electrical activity. Heart rate - Correct Answer-A measure of cardiac activity usually expressed as the number of beats per minute. Hypertension - Correct Answer-An abnormally high blood pressure
Pacemaker - Correct Answer-An electrical device for stimulating or steadying the heartbeat or reestablishing the rhythm of an arrested heart. Pulse - Correct Answer-The rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction; can be felt from the outside of the body. Sinoatrial node - Correct Answer-A small mass of tissue that is made up of Purkinje fibers, is embedded in the musculature of the right atrium, and that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat. Sphygmomanometer - Correct Answer-An instrument for measuring blood pressure and especially arterial blood pressure. Systole - Correct Answer-The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle contracts and the chambers pump blood. Allele - Correct Answer-Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - Correct Answer-A cholesterol-carrying particle in the blood, made up of cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. An HDL particle carries less cholesterol than a related lipoprotein, LDL, and may be correlated with a decreased risk of blood vessel blockage. Heterozygous - Correct Answer-Having two different alleles for a given gene. Homozygous - Correct Answer-Having two identical alleles for a given gene. LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) - Correct Answer-A cholesterol- carrying particle in the blood, made up of cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. An LDL particle carries more cholesterol than a related lipoprotein, HDL, and high LDL levels in the blood correlate with a tendency to develop blocked blood vessels and heart disease. Mutation - Correct Answer-A rare change in DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) - Correct Answer-A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides. Phenotype - Correct Answer-The physical and physiological traits of an organism that are determined by its genetic makeup. Restriction enzyme - Correct Answer-A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA. Angiogram - Correct Answer-The radiographic visualization of blood vessels after the injection of radiopaque substances. Angioplasty - Correct Answer-Surgical repair or recanalization of a blood vessel. Coronary bypass - Correct Answer-A serigcal bypass operation performed to stop blood around an obstruction in a coronary artery that involves grafting one end of a segment of vein
Stroke - Correct Answer-Sudden loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by rupture or obstruction of a blood vessel of the brain Adenine - Correct Answer-A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP; chemically, it is a purine base; always pairs with thymine. Chromosome - Correct Answer-A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus; each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - Correct Answer-A double- stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. Gel electrophoresis - Correct Answer-The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on a basis of their size and electrical charge by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
Gene - Correct Answer-A discrete unit pf hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA. Guanine - Correct Answer-A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base; always pairs with cytosine. Helix - Correct Answer-Spiral in form Model - Correct Answer-A simplified version of something complex used to analyze and solve problems or make predictions. Nucliotide - Correct Answer-A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. Thymine - Correct Answer-A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells; chemically, it is a pyrimidine base; always pairs with adenine.
Independent varaible - Correct Answer-The variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher. Negative control - Correct Answer-Control groups where conditions produce a negative outcome. Negative control groups help identify outside influences that were not accounted for when the procedure was created. Protective equipment - Correct Answer-Specialized clothing or equipment, worn by a student for protection against infectious materials. Positive control - Correct Answer-Group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results. Antibody - Correct Answer-An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells, that functions as the effector in an immune response. Aseptic technique - Correct Answer-A procedure preformed under sterile conditions.
Bacillus - Correct Answer-A cylindrical or rod-shaped bacterium Bacteria - Correct Answer-Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; aggregate into colonies. B Lymphocyte - Correct Answer-A type of cell that develops in bone marrow and later produces antibodies. Coccus - Correct Answer-A spherical bacterium Contagious - Correct Answer-Communicable by conduct Fungus - Correct Answer-Saprophytic and parasitic spore- producing eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll. Examples of fungus - Correct Answer-Molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts. Gram stain - Correct Answer-A method for the differential staining of bacteria that involves fixing the bacterial cells to a
Prion - Correct Answer-Any of various infectious proteins that are abnormal forms of normal cellular proteins, that proliferate by inducing the normal protein to convert to the abnormal form. Protozoan - Correct Answer-Any protist of the phylum or subkingdom Protozoa Spirillum - Correct Answer-A spiral-shaped bacterium T Lymphocyte - Correct Answer-A type of cell responsible for cell-mediated immunity that differentiates under the influence of the thymus. Transmission - Correct Answer-The way a microbial organism moves from one host to another. Virus - Correct Answer-Any of a large group of submicroscopic infective agents that typically contain a protein coat surrounding an RNA or DNA core of genetic material.
Anemia - Correct Answer-A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume. Blood plasma - Correct Answer-The pale yellow fluid portion of whole blood that consists of water and its dissolved constituents. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) - Correct Answer-Any of the hemoglobin containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissues and are responsible for the red color of vertebrate blood. Hematocrit - Correct Answer-The percent of the volume of whole blood that is composed of red blood cells as determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation. Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) - Correct Answer-Any of the blood cells that are colorless, lack hemoglobin, contain a nucleus, and include the lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. Sickle cell disease - Correct Answer-Individuals who are homozygous for the gene controlling hemoglobin S. The
