"Communication in Healthcare & NREM Sleep Stages, Urine Specimens, and Pressure Ulcers", Exams of Nursing

Download "Communication in Healthcare & NREM Sleep Stages, Urine Specimens, and Pressure Ulcers" and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

1. What aspects of the therapeutic nurse Client relationship is addressed in the article "lend an ear"?: Trust and respect
2. What is one way a nurse violates the nurse client relationship?: When we don't listen. 3. What is the goal behind listening according to Broeder-morin and land?: - Gain empathetic understanding
3. How does a nurse show they are listening?: Eye contact, arms uncrossed, facial expression, touch, warmth
4. What are the client consequences of not being listened to according to the article?: Depression, frustration, complaints about care , perceived nurses as being rude, abrupt and not caring.
5. What happened in a recents coroners report when a client was not listened to?: A man died due to a med error because the client was not listening when he said it did not like the pills he received before and no double check was made.
6. What does an electronic health record(EHR) do?: Enhances communication among healthcare providers and thus patient safety.
7. Nurses are legally and ethically to keep patient information confidential, how long are records retained for?: Minimum of 10 years. 9. Communication between healthcare providers is important in client care. What must the nurse do in order to ensure that communication is adequate?- : provide accurate, detailed, objective, and timely information.
8. SOAP: subjective, objective, assessment, plan
9. SOAPIE: subjective, objective, assessment, plan, intervention, evaluation
10. Focus charting (DAR): data, action, response
11. PIE: Problem, intervention, evaluation
12. A nurse has just admitted a patient with a medical diagnosis of heart failure. When the admission paperwork is filled out, what does the nurse need to record?: Objective data that are observed
13. Health documentation is an electronic format is an evolving process that faces many challenges. Which of the following is one of these challenges?: - Ensuring that documentation is accurate and precise.
14. What about the patient should be confidential?: All written, verbal communi- cation, only people involved in care may have access to records, can not be copied or duplicated, and clients can view their health record often due with a person in authority so that questions may be answered
15. 5 red flags that need to be advised in chart altering: 1. Don't add info later without indicating you did so
16. Don't date the entry so it appears to have e been written at an earlier time
17. Don't add inaccurate info

4. Don't destroy records
5. No writing in margins
6. When might a health care provider suspect a patient is experiencing urinary retention?: The patient indicates pain in the suprapubic region.
7. Is the rectum sterile?: No, you have to clean it.
8. Is the ostomy stertile?: No.
9. Patients with cardiovascular disease should be cautioned against strain- ing while having a bowel movement. What does this help to avoid?: Decreased venous return to the heart
10. To maintain normal elimination patterns in the hospitalized patient, the nurse should encourage the patient to defecate 1 hour after meals for which reason?: Mass colonic peristalsis occurs at this time.
11. A patient states that he has recently had a change in medications and reports that his stools are now dry and hard, which makes them difficult to eliminate. What condition is this type of bowel pattern consistent with?: Con- stipation.
12. What side do patients turn on for rectal checks?: Patients always go on their left side with there knees flexed and pad underneath.
13. Which type of urine specimen is obtained through catheterization?: Cultur- al and sensitivity
14. What is the medical terminology used for microscopic amounts of blood in stool?: Gastrointestinal hematochezia
15. A client with a long history of arthritis complains of sensitivity and warmth in both knees. To determine the degree of limitation, what should the nurse assess?: The clients RANGE OF MOTION
16. When assessing a clients activity tolerance, the nurse must consider which of the following?: The clients physiological, emotional, and developmental factors
17. What is a complication of immobility and is worse in smokers called?: Hy- postatic pneumonia
18. What refers to bone on bone: Crepitation
19. What can result in constipation?: Immobility
20. What can be reduced by performing activities more slowly and for a shorter period?: Fatigue
21. The nurse notices an increased respiratory rate, decreased oxygen satura- tion, and increased sputum in an immobilized postoperative Patient, the noted change is consistent with which one of the following?: Atelectasis(can't expand lungs)(collapse of lungs)
22. When the nurse is caring for a client on bed rest, what is the most appro- priate nursing action?: Encourage hourly use of the incentive spirometer

35. infancy: 1/3 awake, 1/3 NON REM, 1/3 REM
36. old-age: 1/4 REM, 1/2 awake, 1/3 NON REM
37. Stage 1 NREM sleep: - lightest sleep, lasts for a few minutes, person is drowsy and relaxed, easily aroused, aroused 2 - 5% of adult sleep time
38. Stage 2 NREM sleep: Sound sleep, 45-55% of adult sleep time,relaxation progresses, arousal easy but needs more stimuli than stage 1, body functions slower
39. Stage 3 NREM: Deepest sleep, 10% of adult sleep time, difficult to arouse, muscles completely relaxed, may snore, lasts 15 - 30min
40. REM: Vivid, full colour dreaming(25% of adult sleep time) begins about 90min- utes after sleep began, rapidly moving eyes, fluctuating, heart rate, respiratory rate and BP. Loss of muscle tone, gastric secretions increase, very difficult to arouse, INCREASED metabolism
41. During rounds on the night shift, the nurse notes that a client stops breathing for 1 - 2 minutes several times during the shift. What is this condition called?: Sleep apnea
42. A 4 - year-old pediatric patient resists going to sleep. What action should the nurse take in order to assist this client?: Maintain the clients home sleep routine
43. A client suffers from a sleep pattern disturbance. What is the most impor- tant nursing intervention to promote adequate sleep?: Administer a sleep aid 2 hours before bedtime
44. Sleep apnea is suspected if a person?: has loud snoring and wakes up irritable and has difficulty staying awake during the day.
45. What's an effective nursing intervention to promote sleep?: Back massage
46. When caring for a child, the nurse determines that the child's caregivers need additional safety teaching when they make which of the following state- ments?: "A 3 year old can safely sit in the front seat of the car" 47. Adolescents are at a greater risk for injury from which of the following?: - Substance abuse Motor vehicle accidents Suicide
47. A patient who is being prepared for discharge after a hospitalization for frequent falls should have which of these interventions?: Have a home assess- ment
48. You note that there is a doctors order for Mr. Jones to receive a suppository due to a lack of bowel moment for the last three days. Which of the following best explains the need to position Mr. Jones on his left lateral side?: To facilitate the flow of solution into the sigmoid colon

50. Ms. Edwards states "Iam having a lot of burning and pain when I urinate." Which medical terminology best describes the clients problem?: Dysuria
51. As a student nurse you understand a guaiac test is used to identify in a stool specimen: Blood
52. You are ending your day shift and measuring the urinary output of a client. Which of the following best describes an adequate amount of urinary output?: 30 - 60 ml/hour
53. You are preparing to collect a specimen sample from Mr. Michael's leg wound. Which of the following best describes the proper technique?: Clean the wound according to policy and obtain a culture in a Z formation
54. You are preparing for your nursing test and recall your teacher describe the following characteristics of REM sleep:: Increased metabolism
55. Which of the following is a benefit of exercise?: Decreases body weight and enhances well being and mental health
56. Mrs.Marie states she's having trouble with urine coming out and producing urine, which medical terminology best describes the clients problem?: Anuria
57. A child has an accident and wets the bed, what do we call this in medical terminology?: Enuresis
58. As a student nurse, you understand a stool culture is used to identi- fy in a stool specimen: Bacteria 59. What is considered to be a low urinary output and less than 400ml called?- : Oliguria
59. What is the condition called when a client is stressed, depressed, has poor sleeping habits and an irregular sleep schedule?: Insomnia
60. What is the medical term for a chronic sleep disorder with drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep causing you to fall asleep at any moment?: Narcolepsy
61. A patient complains of thirst and a headache, the patient appears dehydrat- ed. Upon initial examination, the nurse finds that the patients skin does not return to normal shape. With what is this finding consistent?: Poor skin turgor
62. What do you need to assess when doing a integumentary skin assesss- ment?: skin hair nails
63. what stage and what do we call this when a person has put too much pressure on the skin, to much moisture, dragged in bed, unrelieved pressure, emia in the blood, lots of blood to that area when I go to put my finger on the ulcer it turns white, if it goes back to red, lots of blood flow going to that area to heal: pressure ulcer stage 1

65. Why do pressure ulcers occur?: Blood is not able to flow to tissues because of pressure and it became ischemic
66. ischemic: pertaining to the lack of blood supply to tissue
67. what is the medical terminology for redness of the skin due to increased blood flow called?: hyperemia
68. what is the medical terminology for our skin turning white?: blanching
69. pressure duration: low pressure over a long time, or high pressure over a short amount of time, pressure occurs quickly(1-2h)
70. tissue tolerance: ability of tissue to endure pressure
71. shearing force: combination of friction and pressure, force applied when two surfaces slide against each other or in a twisting or rotting motion, ur shearing the patient from the back if your dragging the patient, picking up the patient is better.
72. risk factors for pressure injury development: age related skin changes, immobility, obesity, excessive moisture/dryness, poor nutrition/hydration, condition of soft tissue, medications (corticosteroids), previous PI, microclimate and medical conditions effecting blood flow (DM, PVD), pressure, friction, shear, moisture, nutri- tion
73. level of consciousness: alert to person, place or time.
74. where do most pressure ulcers occur: occipital, scapula, elbow, spinous process, ischium, malleolus, neck, head
75. what is epithelization?: healing by growth of tissues over wound
76. What is granulation?: new fibrous tissue formed during wound healing, pinkish, healthy skin
77. necrosis of tissue: death of tissue
78. black tissue is called?: necrosis
79. aging of skin is due to: less moisture, is dry and is the most at risk
80. assessing skin: hygiene,color, etc. 81. What is the medical terminology for yellowing of the skin and eyes called?- : jaundice
81. what is the medical terminology for bluish discolouration of the skin from lack of oxygen called?: cyanosis
82. what do you check with people with cyanosis: lips, nails, hand, inside mouth and oxygen saturation
83. pallor: pale skin from fear, stress, etc.
84. what do we call red in the face, extra blood flow, red pinkish, fever?: flushed
85. what's the medical terminology for a widespread redness of the skin?: ery- themic
86. effective skin is: smooth, thin, and moist

88. skin turgor: indicator of their fluid status, pinch the skin and if it goes right back down its normal, if you pinch skin and Dosent go back down, its a sign of dehydration
89. ineffective skin: pinching of skin, skin status if it stays up or not, you should have the same temp throughout your body.
90. localized coolness: poor arterial blood flow to a limb, one part of the body, coolness
91. Generalized coolness: hypothermia, all through out body
92. Hypothermia: low body temperature
93. diaphoresis: excessive sweating, may accompany chestpain, fever or anxiety
94. effective skin: dry skin but not overly dry, effective color, warm, dry, and intact
95. edema: swelling
96. Lesions: areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection, assess color and elevation with light
97. Braden Scale: A tool for predicting pressure ulcer risk
98. risks for braden scale: sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, friction and shear, 9 or less is putting at high risk.
99. suspected deep tissue injury: Purple or maroon localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear.
100. stage 1 instant skin with nonblanchable redness: Dosent go white and stays red, no hyperemia going on. beginning of pressure ulcer
101. hyperemia: increased blood flow
102. unstageable pressure ulcer: Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray, green or brown) and/or eschar (tan, brown or black) in the wound bed.
103. acute wound assessment: R-redness E-edema E-ecchymosis D-drainage A-Approximation O-odour
104. Ecchymosis: bruising
105. approximation: near or close estimate
106. Chronic wound assessment: Redness edema ecchymosis drainage epithiliaization

wound edges odour

107. Drainage types: serous serosanguineous sanguineous purulent
108. serous fluid: A clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane. yellow fluid
109. serosanguineous drainage: pale, red, watery: mixture of clear and red fluid, pinkish
110. sanguineous drainage: bloody drainage (red)
111. A patient has a drainage that is green and pussy like, what do we call this type of drainage?: purulent
112. A patient is losing lots of hair in the scalp, what do we call this in medical terminology?: alopecia
113. what do we call scabbing in medical terminology?: eschar
114. nail bed color should be what color?: pink
115. what should the texture, nail angle, and capillary refill be?: convex, 160 degrees, less than 3 sec, if greater than it is slow circulation
116. bad nails are: concave(spoon nails)
117. early clubbing of nails is at an angle of: 180 degrees
118. acute pain: happening now, usually surgically, pain that is felt suddenly from injury, disease, trauma, or surgery.
119. chronic pain: episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or continuous
120. impaired tissue integrity: Damage to mucous membrane, corneal, integu- mentary, or subcutaneous tissues.
121. Wound management protocols: protect skin and prevent further breakdown
122. name important factors in preventing skin breakdown?: 1. keep skin clean and dry
123. ROM
124. wrinkle free bed
125. no sheering forces
126. proper nutrition
127. taking pressure off
128. name names for pressure sores: decubitus ulcer, wound ulcer, tissue ulcer
129. decubitus ulcer: sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
130. a pressure risk assessment should be done: on admission and once a week

126. Common sites for pressure ulcers: occiput, scapula, elbows, sacrum, heels, ear, greater trochanter, knees, coccyx and etc.
127. what intervention can be carried out to improve circulation in clients beds: ROM and repositioning every 2 hours
128. A patient complains of thirst and a headache, the patient appears dehy- drated. Upon initial examination, the nurse finds that the patients skin does not return to normal shape. With what is this finding consistent?: poor skin turgor
129. interpersonal communication: one to one interaction between 2 people sender to receiver
130. intrapersonal communication: communication with oneself
131. Feedback Response: When the received message has been decoded and understood, the receiver encodes thoughts and ideas into a message and then transmits this message to the original sender
132. serious conditions mean to clients that: death is near
133. Pacing: speak slowly so that the patient can understand you.
134. intonation: the tone of voice can communicate a variety of feelings
135. verbal communication, tone of voice, and body language: tone of voice=38% Verbal=7% Body language=55%
136. nonverbal cues: Communication without words using techniques such as eye contact, body language, gestures, and physical closeness. 55%
137. verbal cues: short, concise phrases that direct a performer's attention to important environmental regulatory characteristics, or that prompt the person to perform key movement pattern components of skills. 38%
138. personal appearance: way speakers dress, groom, and present themselves physically
139. posture and gait: The way people sit, stand, and move is a form of self-expres- sion. Posture and gait reflect emotions, self-concept, and health status. (Example: An erect posture and a quick, purposeful gait communicate a sense of well-being and confidence. A slumped posture and slow, shuffling gait may indicate depression or fatigue. Leaning forward conveys attention. Leaning backward in a more relaxed manner shows less interest or indicates caution.) [Nonverbal Communication]
140. intimate(0-45cm): changing a dressing; bathing a patient

141. personal(45cm-1m): sitting at bedside, talking to
142. public(4m and greater): speaking or teaching class
143. Zones of Touch: - social zone (permission not needed) hands, arms, shoulders, back

• consent zone (permission needed) mouth, wrists, feet
• vulnerable zone (special care needed) face, neck, front of body
• intimate zone (great sensitivity needed) genitalia, rectum

144. what are facial expression, posture, gait, personal space and eye contact all part of?: non verbal communication
145. interpersonal communication process: trust respect intimacy power empathy
146. Why do nurses need to communication in a professional manner with both patients and colleagues?: to evoke trustworthiness and competence
147. gender: male / female: males use less verbal females tend to disclose more info
148. attentive listening: eye contact, encouraging, questioning, paraphrasing, summarizing, silence, delaying responses, body language, posture congruence, probing, staying on topic, empathy
149. open-ended questions: questions a person is to answer in his or her own words
150. closed ended: yes or no
151. clarifying questions: ensuring that your understanding is accurate, asking for more
152. validation of communication: The listener confirmed understanding of the message, showing you were there
153. giving false assurance: - might give patients the impression that things are going to turn out well even when knowing the chances are not good
154. why is ineffective communication a problem that nurses need to be aware of?: it may lead to adverse patient events
155. aphasia: loss of speech, impairment of language

156. receptive: open and responsive to ideas or suggestions
157. Non-therapeutic communication: asking personal questions, giving personal opinions, changing the subject, automatic responses, sympathy, asking for ex- planations, approval or disapproval, defensive responses, passive or aggressive responses, and arguing.
158. Near Miss Incident: an incident that did not reach the patient(no harm result- ed)
159. No Harm Incident: an incident that reached the patient, but no discernible harm resulted
160. environmental factors of individuals safety: home,work, community, health care setting
161. safety culture in organized practices: disclosing safety incidents to clients
162. identifying safety risks inherent in the client population: falls prevention, suicide assessment, pressure injury risks Braden scale
163. unintentional injuries are leading cause of death between 1 and 14 years old: often relayed to normal growth and development, small children curious and trusting of their environment/ do not perceive themselves in danger
164. toddlers and preschoolers: attracted to water: greatest risk for drowning
165. pressure ulcer risk assessment Braden scale: higher the score, lower the risk of pressure ulcer development
166. what is the number 1 reported incident?: falls.
167. Code Green: evacuation
168. every time when giving meds, always check: 3 times the medication before you give it and 2 patient identifiers before you give it
169. when a person is gonna fall, there at risk for: risk for injury
170. effects of exercise on gastrointestinal: Increase appetite, increase intestinal tone.
171. effects of exercise on urinary: blood flow to kidneys effieiency in maintaining f & e balance and excretion
172. metabolic effects of excersise: efficiency of metabolism and body temp regulation
173. adolescence: the time period between the beginning of puberty and adulthood
174. effects of excersise on psychological well being: increased energy, sleep, positive health behaviours
175. hypostatic pneumonia: inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions, complication of immobility and is worse in smokers
176. crepitation: the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

177. how can fatigue be reduced?: performing activities more slowly and for shorter period
178. restorative care: Nursing care that is planned to promote residents health and regain as much of their independence as possible
179. decreased metabolic rate, alters metabolism of: carbohydrates, fats, pro- teins
180. musculoskeletal interventions: ROM- active or passive, 2 - 3 times daily CPM therapy for orthopedic conditions
181. metabolic interventions: repair of injured tissue protein, calories vitamin c to replace protein stores, vitamin b for skin integrity and wound healing.
182. respiratory interventions: change position q2h deep breathing and coughing incentive spirometer increase fluid intake chest physio consult
183. Gastrointestinal interventions: assess BS(bowel sounds), frequency and consistency of BM(bowel movement) diet. rich in fluids, fruits, vegetables, and fiber stool softeners, laxatives, and enemas as ordered
184. why are aboriginal blood pressures higher?: greater risk at cardiac disease
185. how mnany hours of sleep is important for brain rest?: 8 hours
186. Stages of sleep: 1. Lightest Sleep (NREM) 2. Slightly Deeper Sleep (NREM)
187. Deeper Sleep (NREM) 4. Delta Waves are omitted but there is not much difference between this stage and stage 3 (NREM) 5. REM
188. Hypersomnolence: excessive sleepiness, daytime sleepiness
189. Shift work disorder: common in individuals who work other than 9 - 5 sleep deprivation
190. sleep apnea: a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep for at least 10 sec with no breathing
191. obstructive sleep apnea: muscles or structures of oral cavity or throat relax during sleep, collapse of upper airway and breathing stop 10 - 30 sec
192. central apnea: occurs when the brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing.
193. Narcolepsy: A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
194. Parasomnias: Abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or sleepwalking that occur during sleep.
195. infants and toddlers need amount of sleep?: 12 - 14 hours per day
196. school aged children need amount of sleep?: 9 - 10 hours
197. young adults need amount of sleep?: 6 - 81/2 hours

197. always give diuretics in morning and not at: night or early evening
198. Electronic Health Record (EHR): enhances communication among health care providers and patient safety
199. records are retained for a minimum of: 10 years
200. what is one way a nurse violates the nurse client relationship?: when we don't listen
201. how does a nurse show there listening?: eye contact, arms uncrossed, facial expressions, touch, warmth
202. what are the client consequences of not being listened to according to the article?: depression, frustration, complaints about care, erupt and not caring
203. What happened in a recent corners report when a client was not listened to?: a man died due to a med error because client was not listening when he said it did not look like the pills he received before and no double check was made
204. increased urination diet/fluid balance: caffeine and alcohol
205. physiological factors of urination?: age, muscle tone, activity, pain, anxiety, and stress
206. Sociocultural factors of urination?: lifestyle, cultural, gender, and religous practices
207. pathological conditions of urination: neurological disease, altered mobility, renal disease
208. medications for urination: •Diuretics: prevent reabsorption of water and cer- tain electrolytes in tubules
209. Urinary tract infections are more common in .: women
210. urinary tract infection: common hospital acquired infection, common result from catheters
211. causes of urinary tract infections: not peeing after sex bacteria catheters
212. urinary incontinence: the inability to control the voiding of urine
213. nocturia: excessive urination during the night
214. urinary retention: inability to empty the bladder
215. urostomy or ileal conduit: causes cancer, trauma
216. uremic syndrome: increase in nitrogenous wastes in the blood
217. Olguria: low urine output
218. anuria: absence of urine
219. polyuria: frequent urination
220. dysuria: painful or difficult urination
221. hematuria: blood in the urine
222. prolapsed bladder or cystoceles: bladder falls into the vagina

223. renal failure: loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance
224. enuresis: bed wetting
225. Hesitency: delay in start of urinary stream when voiding
226. minimum amount of urine we want is?: 720mls/24 hours 30ml an hour
227. color of urine: straw, amber, transparent
228. percussion of kidneys: flank tenderness, pain if kidneys infected or inflamed
229. characteristics of urine: color, odor, turbidity, pH, specific gravity,gluclose
230. Normal adult urine output: 1200 - 1500 mL/day, 50 - 60 mL/hour
231. clarity of urine: clearness, should be able to see thru
232. pH of urine: 4.6-8.0 (average 6.0)
233. what should not be in uterine: protein, glucose, blood and etc.
234. normal amount urination per day: 60 - 120ml per hour
235. Urostomy: a surgical procedure where users are brought through the abdom- inal wall to carry urine out of there body
236. urine from a urostomy: often full of mucous which is effective and normal
237. overflow urinary incontinence: a mechanical dysfunction resulting from an over distended bladder.
238. stress urinary incontinence: leakage due to increased intra abdominal pres- sure from coughing, laughing, etc.
239. urge urinary incontinence: the inability to hold urine once the urge to void occurs.
240. residual urine: urine that remains in the bladder after urination-50mls
241. preventing infection in bladder: peri care, fluid intake
242. placing a patient on a bed plan: warm a metal bed pan apply hygiene bags wash hands and wear gloves explain procedure and raise 30 degrees
243. when to change adult diaper: indicator strip is more than 50% saturated
244. is the rectum and osotomy sterile?: no you have to clean it
245. intermittent catheter: Straight single use catheter, long enough to drain the bladder, when bladder is empty immediately withdraw the catheter. Depending on the patient this may need to be done several times a day.
246. indwelling catheter: Remains in place over a period of time. Can be short term or long term, also called a Foley catheter
247. suprapubic catheter: Surgical placement of a catheter through the abdominal wall above the symphysis pubis and into the urinary bladder
248. condom catheter should be changed: 24hours on Prn

249. factors effecting normal bowel elimination: diet fluid intake physical activity personal bowel elimination privacy
250. how frequent do adults poop a week: 2 - 3 times/week
251. normal in poop for infants: yellow
252. normal color of feces: brown
253. what's normal, solid s shaped or ball pellets?: solid s shaped
254. hard lumps of poop like nuts and sausage shaped are?: bad, you don't want these, leads to constipation
255. causes of abdominal distention: fat, fluid, fetus, feces, flatus, fibroid, fatal tumor, full bladder or swelling
256. borborygmus: the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine, means to rumble
257. constipation: Hard, slow stools that are difficult to eliminate; often a result of too little fiber in the diet
258. Impaction: results from unrelieved constipation; a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel
259. diarrhea: the frequent flow of loose or watery stools
260. incontinence: inability to control bladder and/or bowels
261. flatulence: gas in the stomach or intestines
262. Bowel restraining: offer hot drink, privacy, time limit, positioning
263. enema: the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity
264. laxative: drug used to induce emptying of the intestinal tract
265. cathartic: cleansing
266. Bulk forming laxatives: Psyllium (Metamucil)
267. Emollient laxatives: Docusate stool softeners
268. Anti-diarrheal agents: decrease intestinal muscle tone to slow the passage of faces and inhibit peristaltic waves
269. ineffective outcome to severe diarrhea: potential for fluid and electrolyte losses
270. suppository: a medication given rectally to cause a bowel movement
271. administering a cleansing enema: solution should be at a 105 - 110 Fahren- heit hang the bag above the level of clients anus 12 to 20 in lubricate the tip of the tube separate the buttocks insert tube 3 - 4 in

hold the tube in place with one hand release the clamp and steal the solution gradually over 5 to 10 minutes encourage patient to hold it for 5 to 15 minutes

272. oil retention enema: Lubricating Enema that lubricates the rectum and colon so the feces will absorb the oil and become softer and easier to pass.
273. manual/digital removal of stool: may have to use fingers to remain stools, must have doctors order, physically remove it, lubricate fingers, use 1 finger and use dominant hand
274. if the illness bowel stops working, what do we do?: decompression, suction to remove gas and fluid
275. Bowel Diversions: surgery performed to develop a temporary or permanent artificial opening (stoma) in the abdominal wall.
276. always change pee bags: 2 - 3 times full, don't wait till its completely ever.
277. three types of urine specimens collected for analysis: CNS, routine, micro- scope
278. If a stool is liquid and thus is more likely to contain trophozoites, it should reach the laboratory for examination by?: 15 - 30mls
279. if stool is solid: 2.5cm/1inch
280. How many mL in an ounce?: 30 mL
281. What's a cup?: 240 - 250
282. How much is 1kilo in pounds?: 2.2 pounds
283. How much is 1 teaspoon?: 5ml
284. A tablespoon is equal to how many teaspoons?: 3 teaspoons
285. Pressure risk assessment should be done when?: Within 8 hours
286. How often should nurses turn and reposition immobilized clients?: 2 hours

PNR Test

Questions and

Answers 2024