U.S. Supreme Court Landmark Cases and Constitutional Principles, Exams of Sociology

Download U.S. Supreme Court Landmark Cases and Constitutional Principles and more Exams Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Politics C963- OA 80 Questions with Accurate Answers –Top Ranked 1. Federal Government - Correct answer Powers are divided between a central government and several local governments. More port than state 2. Dred Scott v. Sanford - Correct answer The 1857 Supreme Court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories. 3. Marbury v. Madison - Correct answer This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review 4. Plessy v. Ferguson - Correct answer Case, 14th amendment. Separate train car. Separate but equal. 5. US vs Miller - Correct answer Supreme Court ruling restrictions of firearms. P a g e 1 | 15 6. Korematsu v. US - Correct answer During WW II, Supreme Court ruled that due to time of war, Japanese American born in US could be removed from their communities. 7. Brown v. Board of Education - Correct answer court found that segregation was a violation of the Equal Protection clause "separate but equal" has no place. 14th amendment 8. Mapp v. Ohio - Correct answer Case, Evidence without warrant exclusionary rule 9. Gideon v. Wainwright - Correct answer Case, Right to an attorney 10. Sherbert v. Verner - Correct answer the Supreme Court case, ruled that states could not deny an individual from receiving unemployment benefits due to religion, violated the free-exercise clause 11. Griswold v. Connecticut - Correct answer Case, Married couple wanted to get contraceptives; struck down a P a g e 2 | 15 22. TX v. Johnson - Correct answer Case, Flag burning is protected speech 23. McDonald v. Chicago - Correct answer Case, Incorporated the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms to the states 24. Citizen United v. FEC - Correct answer Case, Allowed unlimited independent spending by outside groups in federal elections. 1st amendment 25. Burwell v. Hobby Lobby - Correct answer Case, exemptions for 'closely held' corporations regarding denial of health coverage for contraception 26. West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette - Correct answer Case, students cannot be forced to salute the flag or say the Pledge of Allegiance, freedom of religion 27. Inherent powers - Correct answer the powers of the national government in foreign affairs that the Supreme Court has declared do not depend on constitutional grants P a g e 5 | 15 but rather grow out of the very existence of the national government. 28. implied powers - Correct answer Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution 29. expressed powers (enumerated powers) - Correct answer Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war. 30. Enlightenment theory - Correct answer citizens began to question divine right and absolutism, wanted power in the government too 31. supremacy clause - Correct answer Makes National law supreme over state laws in constitutional affairs 32. Concurrent Powers - Correct answer Shared. State and govt. tax, barrow money, crimes P a g e 6 | 15 33. Recess appointments - Correct answer a presidential appointment made without senate confirmation while the senate is in recess 34. Free Exercise Clause - Correct answer the First Amendment guarantee that citizens may freely engage in the religious activities of their choice 35. Congress powers - Correct answer Tax, pay debts, coin money and regulate its value, regulate interstate and foreign commerce, establish post offices 36. Necessary and Proper Clause - Correct answer constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers 37. Legislative Branch (Congress) - Correct answer the branch of government that makes the laws. Confirm senate. Vote to override veto 2/3, reject foreign treaties 38. oversight - Correct answer the effort by Congress, through hearings, investigations, and other techniques, to exercise control over the activities of executive agencies P a g e 7 | 15 50. reserved powers - Correct answer Powers given to the state government alone. Interstate legislation, laws on commerce, drug use, and marriage. 51. Federalist No. 10 - Correct answer an essay by James Madison in The Federalist (1787-1788) that challenged the view those republican governments only worked in small polities; it argued that the diverse interests of the people would prevent the development of powerful interests. 52. Congressional appropriations committee - Correct answer Responsible for setting spending limits and allocating specific funds 53. Power of the House of Representatives - Correct answer Originating congressional spending bills 54. Reapportionment - Correct answer the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census P a g e 10 | 15 55. US Court System - Correct answer dual court system, federal court and courts in each state 56. stare decisis - Correct answer Let the decision stand; decisions are based on precedents from previous cases 57. Gerrymandering refers to the - Correct answer manipulation of electoral districts to serve the interests of a particular group, unnatural boundaries. 58. PAC - Correct answer Organization designed to raise hard money for candidates, can be given directly to candidates. 59. Super PACs - Correct answer a type of independent political action committee which may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but can give money directly to candidates. 60. public interest group - Correct answer Promotes interest for the greater good of all, public safety. P a g e 11 | 15 61. Private Interest Groups - Correct answer An interest group that seeks to protect or advance the material interests of its members, ex. Corporate tax breaks 62. Amicus brief - Correct answer A submission to the court from an amicus curiae, or "friend of the court," an interested individual or organization who is not party in the case. 63. prospective voting - Correct answer voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas for handling issues 64. Civil Liberties - Correct answer Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens, protection from the government 65. civil rights - Correct answer the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality, protections by the government 66. rational basis test - Correct answer Used in cases of discrimination P a g e 12 | 15