Portage Learning: A & P 1, Module 4 Skeletal System Portage A&P1 Module 4 Exam Latest Upda, Exams of Nursing

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Portage Learning: A & P 1, Module 4 Skeletal

System Portage A&P1 Module 4 Exam Latest

Updated 2024/

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the function of bones? correct Answer Vertebrae are an example of irregular bone Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning bones? correct AnswerE. C and D are false (C. A process is a depression found in a bone / D. Bones are completely smooth surfaces) Which of the following statements is FALSE about the skeletal system? correct AnswerE. B and D are false (B. The two main divisions of the skeletal system are: vertebral and thoracic // D. The vertebral division of the skeleton is included in the appendicular skeleton) The skull is formed by _____ bones; the facial skeleton contains _____ bones. correct Answer22; 14 What bone is highlighted in blue (also designated by the arrow) in the figure below? (superior/internal view) correct AnswerSphenoid Bone Label the following bones of the skeleton from the figure below: 2: ____________4: ____________6: ____________7: ____________8: ____________ correct Answer2. nasal bone

4. zygomatic bone
5. inferior nasal concha
6. maxilla
7. mandible Label the following vertebrae as: correct AnswerA. cervical Label the following vertebrae as: correct AnswerB. thoracic What is the name of the foramina in the figure below? 1: _____________2: _____________3: _____________ correct Answer1. foramen ovale 2. carotid canal 3. external acoustic meatus Label the following bone landmarks: B: ____________D: ____________E: _____________H: _____________I: ______________ correct AnswerB. supraspinatous fossa D. acromion E. neck H. lateral border I. inferior angle

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the scapula? correct AnswerThe subscapular fossa is located on the anterior side of the scapula Which of the following statements is FALSE about the humerus? correct AnswerB. the head of the humerus articulates with the ulna

1. What two bones meet at the glenohumeral joint?
2. In your own words, why is this joint prone to dislocation? correct Answer1. Humerus and scapula
3. The structure of the shoulder permits movement of the arm in almost any direction but provides little stability. The glenohumeral joint is prone to dislocation because it is held in place primarily by muscular and ligament attachment with very little bony stability. Label the bones in the figure below: A: ____________B: ____________C: ____________D: ____________E: _____________ correct AnswerA. pisiform b. hamate c. capitate d. trapezoid e. trapezium Label the following bones in the figure below: A: ___________C: ___________E: ___________F: ___________G: ___________ correct AnswerA: 1st Metatarsal Hallux C: Lateral Cuneiform E: Medial Cuneiform F: Navicular G: Talus Red bone marrow: correct AnswerIs found primarily in short and flat bones The epiphysis of a bone: correct AnswerE. both A and B (is found at the ends of long bones/contains the articular cartilage at joint articulations) Spongy bone: correct AnswerE. both A and D (forms the interior of bones/contains numerous bars and plates with irregular spaces) Endochondral ossification: correct AnswerF. both B and C (begins at the primary ossification center at the center of long bones/is the formation of long bones from hyaline cartilage) What term best describes the type of fracture pictured below? correct AnswerOpen/compound (part of the bone shaft breaks out of the skin)

A patient has a diagnosis of osteoporosis. (1) In your own words, describe this diagnosis and (2) What type of bone cell would they be lacking? Explain your answer. correct Answer(1) Osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease. When bone tissue degenerates faster than is replaced, the bones become weak. Brittle bones cause increased pain and are more likely to fracture. (2) They would have decreased osteoblasts which are responsible for bone repair. The bone repair would be unable to keep up with the ongoing breakdown of bone which is done by the work of osteoclasts. Your patient has back pain due to a herniated disc. (1) In your own words explain what it means to have a herniated disc. (2) As reviewed in the module, discuss one treatment option to address your patient's pain. correct Answer(1) A herniated disc is an injury to the intervertebral disc, where the center portion of the disc bulges into the vertebral foramen, causing pain. (2) Explanation of1- Physical therapy for strengthening to support back ligaments.OR 2- Surgery to fuse two vertebrae together. Matching: Match the joint with the correct joint classification (A-F). *NOTE: Some joints may fall into more than one category. Mark all that apply. A= Fibrous, B= Cartilaginous, C= Synovial, D= Hinge, E= Ball-and-Socket, F=Saddle

1. Elbow joint 2. Thumb joint 3. Hip joint4. Vertebral joint 5. Cranial joints correct Answer1. Elbow joint : C= Synovial, D= Hinge
2. Thumb joint: C= Synovial, F=Saddle
3. Hip joint: C= Synovial, E= Ball-and-Socket
4. Vertebral joint: B= Cartilaginous
5. Cranial joints: A= Fibrous Name the ligament highlighted in blue in the figure below: correct AnswerAnterior sacroiliac ligament Name the ligament highlighted in blue in the figure below: correct AnswerMedial collateral ligament (MCL) Name the ligament highlighted in blue in the figure below: correct AnswerAcromioclavicular ligament parietal correct Answer temporal correct Answer frontal correct Answer

occipital correct Answer sphenoid correct Answer ethmoid correct Answersmall unpaired bone, located in the midline of the anterior cranium, between the two orbits. sinus correct Answerspaces inside bones purpose of sinuses correct Answerreduces weight of skull//provides resonance to voice fontanelle correct Answerspaces b/t posterior, anterior, mastoid, & sphenoid (on infants) mastoid correct Answer maxilla correct Answer mandible correct Answeronly movable portion of skull nasal correct Answer lacrimal correct Answer foramen magnum correct Answerallows spinal cord to pass through to brain external acoustic meatus correct Answerallows hearing cervical vertebrae correct AnswerC1-C7, small body, large vertebral foramen, straight & narrow spinous process, transverse process & transverse foramen (passage of vertebral arteries) atlas correct AnswerC1, large vertebral foramen allows for passage of brain stem and spinal cord, no body axis correct AnswerC2, odontion process sticking out, allows for rotation of the skull thoracic vertebrae correct AnswerT1-T12; second set of 12 vertebrae; costal facets that articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs ; superior and inferior facets ; long and pointed spinous process lumbar vertebrae correct AnswerL1-L5, large body to support weight of vertebral column, sacrum correct Answer5 fused vertebrae, separate at birth

coccyx correct Answertailbone, attachment point for muscles zygomatic correct Answer thoracic cage correct Answer24 ribs, 1 sternum sternum correct Answerbreastbone manubrium correct Answer body of sternum correct Answerattached via costal cartilage to R2 through R xiphoid process correct Answerpalpate to locate place for chest compressions true ribs correct Answer1-7 attach directly to sternum false ribs correct Answer8-12 do not attach directly to sternum floating ribs correct Answer11-12 do not attach to sternum shoulder girdle correct Answer scapula correct Answer what's special about scapula? correct Answerfreely moving, attached only by muscle clavicle correct Answercollar bone, superior smooth surface and inferior rough surface for muscle attachment ; sternum extremity (round head) attaches to sternum & acrimony extremity humerus correct Answerhas nutrient foramina radius correct Answerlateral bone of the forearm ulna correct Answermedial bone of the forearm carpals correct Answerscaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (Sally Left the Party, To Take Charlie Home) capitate correct Answer hamate correct Answer triquetral correct Answer pisiform correct Answer

lunate correct Answer scaphoid correct Answer trapezium correct Answer trapezoid (wrist bone) correct Answer metacarpals correct Answer first metacarpal correct Answer proximal phalanges correct Answer middle phalanges correct Answer distal phalanges correct Answer pelvic girdle correct Answerseparate during childhood coxal bones correct Answer ilium correct Answer ischium correct Answer pubis correct Answer what's special about female pelvis? correct Answerpelvic hole is wider and bigger to allow childbirth femur correct Answerlongest and strongest bone in the body tibia correct Answershin bone fibula correct AnswerThe lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg patella correct Answer calcaneus correct Answerheel of foot talus correct Answer tarsals correct Answer

cuneiform correct Answer cuboid correct Answer navicular correct Answer metatarsals correct Answer proximal phalanges (foot) correct Answer middle phalanges (foot) correct Answer distal phalanges (foot) correct Answer which bone is big toe missing? correct Answermiddle phalange 3 arches of the foot correct Answertransverse, medial longitudinal and lateral longitudinal fibrous correct Answerimmovable joint (skull) cartilaginous joint correct Answera joint that is slightly moveable (vertebrae) synovial correct Answerfree moving (knee) synovial fluid correct Answerproduct of synovial membrane//lubricates joints example of hinge joint correct Answerknee or elbow Medial Collateral Ligament correct Answer Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) correct Answer Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) correct Answer Lateral Cruciate Ligament (LCL) correct Answer meniscus correct Answertwo crescent shaped cartilaginous regions between femur and tibia that cushion and support knee bursae correct Answerfluid-filled sacks that reduce friction ball and socket joint correct Answerrotates in all directions, shoulder and hips osteoarthritis correct Answerthe degradation of cartilage over time

rheumatoid arthritis correct Answersystematic attack on synovial membrane 206 correct Answernumber of bones in the adult body six functions of skeletal system correct Answersupport the body against the pull of gravity//protects vital internal organs//produce red blood cells//storage areas for inorganic calcium and phosphorous salts// provide sites for muscle attachment//permit flexible body movement. site of blood cell formation correct Answerin spongey bone of flat bones yellow bone marrow correct Answertype of bone marrow in appendicular skeleton (predominantly) red bone marrow correct Answertype of bone marrow found in axial skeleton (predominantly) two types of bone correct Answercompact and spongy compact bone correct Answercontains many osteons in which osteocyte in lacunae are arranged in concentric circles around center canals which contain blood vessels and nerves//lacunae are separated by a matrix that contains collagen and primarily Ca and P salts//usually found on the surface of bone and surrounds spongy bone spongy bone correct Answercontains numerous bony bars & plates separated by irregular spaces//lighter than compact bone, spongy bone but designed for strength b/c solid portions of spongy bone follow lines of stress.// spaces in spongy bone are often filled with red bone marrow red bone marrow correct Answera specialized tissue that produces red blood cells function of yellow bone marrow correct Answerfat storage medullary cavity correct Answerthe central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored periosteum correct Answera dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints proximal epiphysis correct Answerenlarged terminal part of the bone, nearest the center of the body diaphysis correct Answerthe shaft or central part of a long bone distal epiphysis correct Answerrounded end of a bone, made up of spongy bone, covered in articular cartilage

endosteum correct Answera thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue growth plate correct Answerarea of growing tissue near the end of the long bones in children and adolescents. osteon correct Answerroughly cylindrical structural unit of compact bone matrix correct Answerprotein fibers (collagen) between lacunae lacuna correct Answera small space containing an osteocyte osteocyte correct Answercells found within the lacunae of osteons//former osteoblasts that have been incorporated into bone matrix//maintain bone tissue structure osteoblasts correct Answerbone forming cells//secrete bone matrix//repair work done by osteoclasts//take Ca from the blood//some of these cells get caught in the matrix they secrete and are converted to osteocytes osteoclasts correct Answerbone-absorbing//break down bone, remove worn cells and deposit Ca in the blood//after a period of about three weeks, they disappear endochondrial ossification correct Answerhyaline cartilage transforms to bone during fetal development intramembranous ossification correct Answerformation of flat bones during fetal development osteoporosis correct Answera bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both Bony Landmarks correct AnswerAttachment points for muscles or passageways for blood vessels and nerves that are used as palpable reference points when locating structures during palpation Facial Bones (14 bones) correct AnswerMandible, Vomer, Maxillae (LR), Zygomatic (LR), Nasal (LR), Palatine (LR), Lacrimal (LR), Inferior Nasal Conchae (LR) odontoid process (dens) correct Answerprocess of the axis which passes through the vertebral foramen of the atlas, allows for rotation of skull olecranon process correct Answerprojection at the upper end of the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow

intercondylar fossa correct Answerdepression between the condyles, articulates with the tibia Sadly Left the Party To Take Charlie Home // Carpals correct AnswerScaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate tibial tuberosity correct AnswerProvides attachment point for patella through the patellar ligament lateral melleolus correct Answerlateral "ankle bone"; distal pointed end of fibula The Circus Needs More Interesting Little Clowns // Tarsals correct Answertalus, calcaneus, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid greenstick fracture correct Answerbending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children comminuted fracture correct Answerfracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed impacted fracture correct Answerfracture in which one bone fragment is pushed into another Joints (Types of Joints) correct AnswerFibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial types of synovial joints (four) correct Answerhinge, pivot, saddle, ball and socket hinge joint correct AnswerJoint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane pivot joint correct AnswerAllows for rotation around the length of a bone, example cervical spine at C1 and C saddle joint correct Answertype of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation Clavicle attachments correct AnswerConnects to the manubrium of the sternum anteriorly and the acromion process of the scapula posteriorly via the acromiovclavicular ligament herniated disk or disc correct Answerprotrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

spinal ligaments correct Answer1. Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) - connects front of vertebral bodies from sacrum to C

2. Posterior Longitudinal ligament (PLL) - connects back of vertebral bodies (anterior part of canal)
3. Interspinous - between spinous processes
4. Supraspinous - connects posterior portion of spinous processes from spinous to spinous Five types of bone shapes correct Answerlong (support weight), short (small cube shaped, carpals and tarsals), flat (forms roof of skull), irregular (Varied in structure, vertebrae and pelvic bones), sesamoid (flat, reinforce tendons eg patella) hypophyseal fossa correct Answerhouses the pituitary gland crista galli of ethmoid bone correct Answersuperior projection in the middle of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone; providing a point of attachment for the dura mater, helping to secure the brain within the skull coronal suture correct Answerthe suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull midsagittal suture correct Answer Lamdoidal suture correct AnswerSeparates occipital bone from parietal bones. squamosal suture correct Answerbetween parietal bone and temporal bone on side of the skull, bordered in back by occipital bone Vomer correct Answernasal septum palatine bone correct Answereither of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits Atlas correct AnswerC hyoid bone correct AnswerU-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles. glenoid fossa correct AnswerThe part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint. supraspinous fossa of scapula correct Answerorigin of supraspinatus infraspinous fossa of scapula correct Answerorigin of infraspinatus subscapular fossa correct Answerorigin of subscapularis

acromion process of scapula correct Answerlateral end of spine of scapula; forms top of shoulder, seen on posterior side of scapula coracoid process of scapula correct Answerinsertion of pectoralis minor, protrusion on anterior side of scapula medial epicondyle of humerus correct AnswerFunny bone nutrient foramen correct Answersmall opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment styloid process of ulna correct Answer styloid process of radius correct Answer radial tuberosity correct Answer obterator foramen correct Answerlargest foramen in skeleton, almost completely closed by a membrane acetabulum fossa correct AnswerCenter of the acetabulum, large pit where coxal bone articulates to femur "hip socket" greater sciatic notch correct Answerallows blood vessels and the large sciatic nerve to pass from the pelvis posteriorly into the thigh greater trochanter of femur correct AnswerA bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint. lesser trochanter of femur correct AnswerThe projection on the medial/superior portion of the femur. median sacral crest correct Answername the ridge formed by the fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae. interosseous membrane of forearm correct Answersheet of dense connective tissue that unites the radius and ulna bones linea aspera of femur correct Answer articular cartilage correct Answerhyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints iliolumbar ligament correct Answerconnects the transverse process of L5 with the ala (wing) of the sacrum

Lumbosacral ligament correct Answerattaches on the transverse process of L5. It runs inferiorly and laterally to attach on the ala of the sacrum