Portage Learning: A&P 1 Module 5 - Muscular System, Exams of Nursing

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Muscular System

Name the 3 types of muscle tissue - correct answer skeletal, cardiac, smooth

skeletal muscle - correct answer have blood & nervous supply to provide movement under conscious control

What does it mean that skeletal muscles are under conscious control? - correct answer meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action

Communication to coordinate movement starts where? - correct answer In the brain with a message sent through the spinal cord & eventually attaches to a muscle

What is included in the central nervous system? - correct answer brain and spinal cord

The CNS (brain and spinal cord) connect to? - correct answer peripheral nervous system

What do peripheral nerves do - correct answer carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable movement

peripheral nerves - correct answer carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable movement

examples of peripheral nerves - correct answer spinal nerves (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, and the radial nerve.

Motor action - correct answer (CNS to Muscle) Message from CNS to a muscle is called motor actions

Sensory Input (sensation) - correct answer (Environment to nerves to CNS) Information sent from external environment by nerves to the central nervous system

Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord) connect to - correct answer Peripheral Nervous system

Examples of peripheral nerves - correct answer 1. spinal nerves (lumbar, thoracic, cervical)

Muscular System

2. Upper trunk of the brachial plexus
3. Radial nerve

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - correct answer Carries information into and out of the CNS

• carry communication from CNS to muscle AND carry info from environment to CNS

describe the difference between tendons and ligaments - correct answer tendons are connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone at the end.

Ligaments are connective tissue that connect bone to bone. Helping to stabilize joints where bone meets.

Tendons - correct answer connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Origin vs insertion of a muscle - correct answer Origin is a fixed stationary point; insertion is the place that is moved during a muscle contraction

origin - correct answer muscles attach to non movable bone

insertion - correct answer muscles attach to movable bone

Muscle action - correct answer effect produced by a muscle contraction

• named for action they produce, e.g., flexor or extensor
• i.e. tricep is the primary extensor of the forearm

Innervation - correct answer a peripheral nerve that supplies muscle with a message from brain

describe muscle action and innervation? - correct answer Action of muscle is what effect is produced by the muscle's contraction

The innervation is the peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with the message from the brain.

Muscular System

How many total cranial nerves - correct answer 12

Where do cranial nerves originate and control? - correct answer On the ventral surface of brain

&

controll muscles function of several organs & glands

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION - correct answer

List all the muscles of the facial expression: (8) - correct answer BOOM - ZRFT

1. Obicularis Oculi
2. Obicularis Oris
3. Zygomaticus major/minor
4. Risorius
5. Frontalis (occipitofrontailis)
6. Buccinator
7. Masseter
8. Temporalis

Orbicularis Oculi - correct answer close eye; facial nerve CN VII

Orbicularis Oris - correct answer closes mouth, protrudes lips, presses lips to teeth; facial nerve CN VII

Zygomaticus Major - correct answer Action: pulls corners of lips upward

Innervation: facial nerve CN VII

Inferior to zygomaticus minor

(cheek bone)

Zygomaticus Major - correct answer - Action: pulls corners of lips upward

Muscular System

• Innervation: facial nerve CN VII

Inferior to zygomaticus minor

(cheek bone)

Risorius - correct answer - pulls the corners of the mouth posteriorly (grinning)

• cranial nerve CN VII

(attaches to corner of mouth)

frontalis (occipitofrontailis) - correct answer - action: raise eyebrows; wrinkle forehead

• Cranial Nerve VII;

Buccinator - correct answer - compresses cheek;

• innervation: cranial nerve VII
• location: deep to zygomaticus

Masseter - correct answer - closes jaw;

• Trigeminal nerve (CN V, manibular branch)

(on side of jaw)

Temporalis - correct answer - Elevates mandible, closes jaw

• Trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch)

Lateral Flexion - correct answer aka side flexion, side bending of neck, moving one of the ears to the shoulder

cervical flexion - correct answer moving the chin towards the chest

cervical extension - correct answer moving the chin up

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Muscular System

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - correct answer +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK - correct answer

List all the muscles of the head and neck: - correct answer SSSSLLT

1.Semispinalis Capitis

2. Sternocleidomastoid
3. Splenius Capitis
4. Longissimus Cervicis
5. Longissimus Thoracis
6. Thyrohyoid
7. Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)

Semispinalis Capitis - correct answer Origin = articular process of inferior cervical & transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae

Insertion = occipital bone

Action = Bilateral extend head; Unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side

Innerv = spinal nerves

Semispinalis Capitis (origin) - correct answer Articular process of inferior cervical and transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae

Muscular System

Semispinalis Capitis (insertion) - correct answer occipital bone

Semispinalis Capitis (action) - correct answer Bilateral extend head; Unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side

Semispinalis Capitis (innervation) - correct answer spinal nerves

Sternocleidomastoid (origin, action, insertion, innerv) - correct answer origin = sternal end of the clavicle & manubrium

Insertion = mastoid region of skull

Action = bilateral neck flexion; unilateral turns face to opposite side

Innerv = Accessory nerve ( CN XI)

Sternocleidomastoid (origin) - correct answer sternal end of clavicle & manubrium

sternocleidomastoid (insertion) - correct answer mastoid region of skull

Sternocleidomastoid (action) - correct answer Bilateral neck flexion; unilateral turns face to opposite side

Sternocleidomastoid (innervation) - correct answer accessory nerve (CN XI)

Splenius Capitis - correct answer - Origin: spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae

• Insertion: mastoid process, occipital bones of skull
• Bilateral extend head; unilateral flexes neck to same side

Muscular System

• Innervation: cervical spinal nerves

Splenius Capitis (origin) - correct answer spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae

Splenius Capitis (insertion) - correct answer mastoid process, occipital bones of skull

Splenius Capitis (action) - correct answer Bilateral extend head; unilateral flexes neck to same side

Splenius Capitis (Innervation) - correct answer Cervical Spinal Nerves

Splenius Capitis (origin, insertion, action, innervation) - correct answer - Origin = spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae

• Insertion = mastoid process, occipital bones of skull
• Action = bilateral extend head; unilateral flexes neck to same side
• Innerv = cervical spinal nerves

Longissimus cervicis - correct answer Origin = transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae

Insertion = transverse process of middle & superior cervical vertebrae

Action = bilateral extend head; unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side

Innerv = cervical & thoracic spinal nerves

Muscular System

Longissimus cervicis (origin) - correct answer transverse processes of superior thoracic vertebrae

Longissimus cervicis (insertion) - correct answer transverse process of middle & superior cervical vertebrae

Longissimus cervicis (action) - correct answer bilateral extend head; unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side

Longissimus cervicis (innervation) - correct answer cervical & thoracic spinal nerves

Longissimus thoracis - correct answer Origin = transverse process of inferior thoracic, superior lumbar vertabrae

Insertion = transverse process of middle & superior cervical vertebrae

Action = bilateral extend head; unilateral laterally flexes neck

innerv = thoracic & lumbar spinal nerves

Longissimus thoracis (origin) - correct answer transverse process of inferior thoracic, superior lumbar vertabrae

Longissimus thoracis (insertion) - correct answer transverse process of middle & superior cervical vertebrae

Longissimus thoracis (action) - correct answer bilateral extend head; unilateral laterally flexes neck

Longissimus thoracis (innerv) - correct answer thoracic & lumbar spinal nerves

Thyrohyoid - correct answer Origin = thyroid cartilage of larynyx

insertion = hyoid bone

Muscular System

action = elevates thyroid; depresses hyoid bone

Innerv = hypoglossal nerve

Thyrohyoid (origin) - correct answer thyroid cartilage of the larynyx

Thyrohyoid insertion - correct answer hyoid bone

Thyrohyoid (action) - correct answer elevates thyroid, depresses hyoid bone

Thyrohyoid (innervation) - correct answer hypoglossal nerve

Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) - correct answer Origin = transverse processes of C2-C

Insertion = 1st & 2nd ribs

Action = elevates ribs 1 &

Innervation = cervical spinal nerves

Scalenes (origin) - correct answer transverse processes of C2-C

Scalenes (insertion) - correct answer 1st & 2nd ribs

Scalenes (action) - correct answer elevates ribs 1 & 2

Scalenes (innervation) - correct answer cervical spinal nerves

OBLIQUE & RECTUS MUSCLES - correct answer

List the Oblique & Rectus Muscles: Anterior - correct answer 1. Rectus abdominis

2. External Oblique

Muscular System

3. Internal Oblique
4. Transverse Abdominis

What muscles help support & protect the abdominal viscera which are not protected by bone? - correct answer Oblique & Rectus muscles: Anterior

Which muscles support upright posture & balance - correct answer Oblique & rectus muscles: Anterior

rectus abdominis - correct answer Origin: pubic crest, pubic symphysis

I: Pubis; cartilage of ribs 5-7; Xiphoid process

A: Spine flexion; compress abdominal viscera

Innervation: Spinal nerves (T7-12)

Rectus Abdominis (origin) - correct answer Pubic crest, pubic symphysis

Rectus Abdmonis (insertion) - correct answer Pubis; cartilages of ribs 5-7; xiphoid process

Rectus abdominis (action) - correct answer Spine flexion; compresses abdominal viscera

Rectus Abdominis (innervation) - correct answer Spinal nerves (T7-12)

external oblique ( origin) - correct answer Sternum; ribs 5-

External Oblique (insertion) - correct answer Linea alba; iliac crest

External Oblique (action) - correct answer Bilaterally spine flexion, compress abdomen; Unilaterally: Flex trunk to same side, rotates to opposite side

External oblique (innervation) - correct answer Lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves

Internal Oblique (origin) - correct answer iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia

Internal oblique (insertion) - correct answer inferior ribs, linea alba

Muscular System

Internal Oblique (action - correct answer compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes spine

Internal Oblique (innervation) - correct answer Lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves

Transverse abdominis (origin) - correct answer Lateral inguinal ligament, inner iliac crest

Transverse abdominis (insertion) - correct answer Linea alba, pubis

Tranverse abdominis (action) - correct answer Compress abdomen

Transverse abdominis (innervation) - correct answer first lumbar nerve T7-L1; iliohypgastric T12-L1; ilioinguinal T12-L

MUSCLES OF BREATHING - correct answer

List all the muscles of breathing - correct answer Diaphragm, internal intercostals, external intercostals

Diaphragm - correct answer Origin: cartilage of ribs 7-12; xiphoid process; lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: Anterior longitudinal ligament (vertebral column)

Action: Expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominal cavity

Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3-5)

Diaphragm (origin) - correct answer Origin: cartilage of ribs 7-12, xiphoid process, lumbar vertebrae

Diaphragm (insertion) - correct answer Insertion: Anterior longitudinal ligament (vertebral column)

Muscular System

Diaphragm (action) - correct answer Action: Expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominal cavity

Diaphragm (innervation) - correct answer phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

Internal intercostals - correct answer Origin: superior border of ribs 2-

Insertion: inferior of ribs above 1-

Action: depresses ribs (forced expiration)

Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Internal intercostals (origin) - correct answer Superior border of ribs 2-

Internal intercostals (insertion) - correct answer inferior of ribs above 1-

Internal Intercostals (action) - correct answer depresses ribs (forced expiration)

Internal intercostals (innervation) - correct answer intercostal nerves

External Intercostals - correct answer Origin: lower border of ribs 1-

Insertion: upper border of ribs below 1-

Action: Elevates ribs (normal inspiration)

Innervation: intercostal nerves

MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER GIRDLE - correct answer

List all the muscles of the shoulder girdle: - correct answer 1. Trapezius

Muscular System

2. Levator Scapula
3. Rhomboids (minor, major)
4. Pectoralis minor
5. Serratus Anterior
6. Deltoid
7. Pectoralis major
8. Supraspinatus (above the spine of scapula)

9.Infraspinatus (below spine of scapula)

10. Teres Minor
11. Teres Major (not part of teh rotator cuff)
12. Subscapularis (along inner surface of scap)
13. Latissimus Dorsi
14. Coracobrachialis

Trapezius - correct answer Origin: Occipital bone, spinous process of T1-

Insertion: lateral clavicle, acomion, & scapular spine of scapula

Action: rotation, retraction, elevation, depression of scapula; extends neck, stabilzes shoulder

Innervation: Accessory nerve (CN 11)

Trapezius (origin) - correct answer Occipital bone; spinous process of T1-

Trapezius (insertion) - correct answer Lateral clavicle, acromion, & scapula spine of scapula

Muscular System

Trapezius (action) - correct answer rotation, retraction, elevation, and depression of scapula

extends neck

stabilizes shoulder

Trapezius ( innervation) - correct answer accessory nerve (CN 11)

Levator Scapulae - correct answer Origin: transverse process of C1-

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Action: elevates scapula

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Levator Scapulae (Origin) - correct answer Transverse process of C1-

Levator Scapulae (insertion) - correct answer Medial border of scapula

Levator Scapulae (action) - correct answer elevates scapula

Levator Scapulae (innervation) - correct answer Dorsal Scapular nerve

Rhomboids (major, minor) - correct answer origin: spinous process (minor: C7- T1)

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: retraction of scapula

Muscular System

Innervation: dorsal nerve of scapular

rhomboids (origin) - correct answer spinous process

(minor: C7-T1)

(major: T2-5)

rhomboids (action) - correct answer retraction of scapula

rhomboids (innervation) - correct answer Dorsal scapular nerve

Pectoralis minor - correct answer origin = ribs 3-

insertion = coracoid process of scapula

action = elevates ribs, draws scapula down and medially

innervation = medial pectoral nerve

Pectoralis minor (origin) - correct answer ribs 3-

Pectoralis minor ( insertion ) - correct answer coracoid process of scapula

Pectoralis minor (action) - correct answer elevates ribs, draws scapula down and medially

Serratus Anterior - correct answer Origin = upper 8-9 ribs

Insertion = Medial border of scapula

Action = protraction of scapula

Muscular System

innervation = long thoracic nerve

Serratus Anterior (origin) - correct answer Upper 8-9 ribs

Serratus Anterior (insertion) - correct answer medial border of scapula

Serratus Anterior (action - correct answer protraction of scapula (

Serratus Anterior (innervation) - correct answer long thoracic nerve

Deltoid (anterior, middle, posterior) - correct answer Origin: clavicle and scapula

insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: abduction at shoulder (whole muscle)

Innervation: Axillary nerve

Deltoid (origin) - correct answer clavicle and scapula

Deltoid (insertion) - correct answer deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid (action) - correct answer abduction at shoulder (whole muscle)

deltoid (innervation) - correct answer axillary nerve

Pectoralis major - correct answer Origin = ribs 2-6, body of sternum

Insertion = Greater tubercle of humerus

Action = flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

Muscular System

innervation = pectoral nerves

Pectoralis Major (origin) - correct answer Origin: ribs 2-6, body of sternum

Pectoralis Major (insertion) - correct answer greater tubercle of humerus

Pectoralis Major (action) - correct answer Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

Pectoralis Major (innervation) - correct answer Pectoral nerves

Supraspinatus (above spine of scapula) - correct answer Origin = supraspinatus fossa of scapula

Insertion = greater tubercle of humerus

Action = abduction at shoulder

Innervation = suprascapular nerve

Supraspinatus (origin) - correct answer supraspinatus fossa of scapula

Supraspinatus (insertion) - correct answer greater tubercle of humerus

supraspinatus (action) - correct answer abduction at shoulder

Supraspinatus (innervation) - correct answer suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus (below spine of scapula) - correct answer Origin: infraspinatus fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Lateral rotation at shoulder

Muscular System

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus (origin) - correct answer infraspinous fossa of scapula

Infraspinatus (insertion) - correct answer greater tubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus (action) - correct answer Lateral rotation at shoulder

Infraspinatus (innervation) - correct answer suprascapular nerve

Teres Minor - correct answer Origin: Lateral border of scapulal

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Lateral rotation of shoulder

Innervation: axillary nerve

Teres Minor (origin) - correct answer Lateral border of scapula

Teres minor (insertion) - correct answer greater tubercle of humerus

teres minor action - correct answer lateral rotation at shoulder

Teres minor (innervation) - correct answer axillary nerve

Teres major (not part of the rotator cuff) - correct answer Origin = inferior angle of scapula

Insertion = intertubercular groove of humerus

Action = extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

Muscular System

innervation = lower subscapular nerve

Teres major (origin) - correct answer inferior angle of scapula

Teres major (insertion) - correct answer intertubercular groove of humerus

Teres major (action) - correct answer extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

Teres major (innervation) - correct answer lower subscapular nerve

Subscapularis (along inner surface of scapula) - correct answer Origin = subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion = lesser tubercle of humerus

Action = Medial rotation at shoulder

Innervation = subscapular nerves

Subscapularis (origin) - correct answer subscapular fossa of scapula

Subscapularis (insertion) - correct answer lesser tubercle of humerus

Subscapularis (action) - correct answer medial rotation at shoulder

Subscapularis (innervation) - correct answer subscapular nerves

Latissimus dorsi - correct answer Origin: spinous process of inferior thoracic and lumbar vertabrae; ribs 8-

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus

Muscular System

Action: Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve

Latissimus dorsi (origin) - correct answer spinous process of inferior thoracic and lumbar vertebrae; ribs 8-

Latissimus dorsi (insertion) - correct answer intertubercular groove of humerus

Latissimus dorsi (action) - correct answer Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at the shoulder

Latissimus dorsi (innervation) - correct answer Thoracodorsal nerve

Coracobrachialis - correct answer Origin: coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Medial shaft of humerus

Action: adduction and flexion at shoulder

Innervation: Musculocutaneus nerve

Coracobrachialis (origin) - correct answer coracoid process of scapula

Coracobrachialis (insertion) - correct answer medial shaft of humerus

Coracobrachialis (action) - correct answer adduction and flexion at the shoulder

Coracobrachialis (innervation) - correct answer musculocutaneous nerve

Muscles of the posterior thorax assist movement of shoulder - correct answer true

Trapezius is superficial to other shoulder muscles - correct answer true

Muscular System

Shoulder muscle is a ball and socket joint which permits many types of movement

• correct answer

Glenoid cavity of scapula is small compared to the head of the humerus so the joint requires many layers of muscles and ligaments for stability - correct answer true

What are the rotator cuff muscle group necessary for? - correct answer needed to stabilize

List rotator cuff muscles - correct answer SITS

= suprascapularis, Infrascapularis, teres minor, subscapularis

Your patient is having difficulty with scapular retraction. Name two muscles that are most likely involved in this limitation. - correct answer Trapezius, rhomboids (minor/major)

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - correct answer ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

MUSCLES OF FOREARM & ELBOW - correct answer

List all the muscles of the forearm & elbow: BBBPST - correct answer 1. Biceps Brachii

2. Brachialis
3. Brachioradialis
4. Triceps
5. Pronator Teres
6. Supinator
7. Pronator Quadratus

Biceps Brachii - correct answer - Origin: Short head - coracoid process; long head

• supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Muscular System

• Insertion: Tuberosity of radius
• Action: Flexion at the elbow/shoulder; supination
• Innerv: Musculocutaneous nerve

(*longhead is more lateral)

Biceps Brachii (origin) - correct answer Short head - coracoid process;

long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

(*long head is more lateral)

Biceps Brachii (insertion) - correct answer Tuberosity of radius

Biceps Brachii (action) - correct answer elbow flexion, shoulder flexion;wrist supination

Biceps Brachii (innervation) - correct answer musculocutaneous nerve

Brachialis - correct answer (more deep to biceps brachii)

• Origin : Anterior/distal surface of humerus
• Insertion: Tuberosity of ulna
• Action: Flexion at elbow

Muscular System

• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve

Brachioradialis - correct answer Origin: Humerus;

Insertion: Radius;

Action: Elbow flexion

Innervation: radial nerve

Triceps (long head, lateral head, medial head) - correct answer - origin:

*Lateral head - superior, lateral margin on humerus. *Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula *Medial head - posterior surfaces of humerus

• Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
• Action: Extension at elbow
• Innervation: radial nerve

Pronator Teres - correct answer Origin - medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: mid-lateral surface of radius

Action: pronation

Muscular System

Innervation: median nerve

Supinator - correct answer Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Anterolateral surface of the radius

Action: Supination

Innervation: Deep radial nerve

Pronator Quadratus - correct answer pronates forearm, medial nerve

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - correct answer ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

MUSCLES OF THE HAND AND WRIST - correct answer

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY - correct answer

iliopsoas group - correct answer psoas major & iliacus together are called iliopsoas

Psoas Major - correct answer O: Transverse bodies lumbar vertabrae

I: Lesser trochanter of femur

A: Hip flexion, trunk flexion

I:Lumbar plexus

iliacus - correct answer O: iliac fossa of ilium

Muscular System

I: lesser trochanter of femur

A: hip flexion

I: femoral nerve

GLUTEAL MUSCLES OF THIGH - correct answer - Extends & rotate the hip joint

• Hip = ball & socket joint permitting movements such as adduction, abduction, extension, flexion, rotation
• Hip movmnt = movmnt of ball & socket joint
• thigh movmnt = movment of femur

Gluteus Muscles include: - correct answer GGGT

1.Gluteus Maximus (superficial)

2.Gluteus Medius

3.Gluteus minimus

4.Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)

Gluteus Maximus - correct answer O: Posterior gluteal line of the ilium, lower sacrum, side of coccxy