Portage Learning BIOD 151 Anatomy and Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 - MODULE 7) TEST BA, Exams of Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Download Portage Learning BIOD 151 Anatomy and Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 - MODULE 7) TEST BA and more Exams Animal Anatomy and Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

Portage Learning BIOD 151 Anatomy and Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 - MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST UPDATED2024/ MODULE 1 All multiple choice questions have one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided.

1. What is the study of the structure of the human body? A. Anatomy B. Physiology C. Anabolism D. Catabolism E. Metabolism A. Anatomy

B. The liver is an example of the organ level of organization in the human body A. Sodium B. The liver C. Mitochondria D. The skeletal system E. Epithelium

3. What is the breakdown of nutrients? A. Anatomy B. Physiology C. Anabolism D. Catabolism E. Metabolism D. Catabolism
4. List the four basic types of tissues. Epithelium, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue 2. List the three layers of the skin in order from deep to superficial. The deepest layer of

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

the skin should be at the top of your list. To receive credit the layers must be in this order.

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

hypodermis^ UPDATED2024/2025 (inner, also called subcutaneous tissue

layer) dermis (middle layer) epidermis (outer layer) *MUST be in this order (top to bottom) to receive credit

3. Testosterone contributes to muscle strength and bone mass. Based upon your learning of metabolism, would it be considered an anabolic or catabolic hormone? Explain why. Anabolic because it is building new tissues from smaller cells and using energy to do so. Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. All multiple choice questions have one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided.
4. What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "toward the front of the body"? A. Superior B. Inferior C. Ventral D. Dorsal E. Medial C. Ventral
5. What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "toward the upper part of a structure"? A. Superior B. Inferior C. Ventral D. Dorsal E. Medial A. Superior
6. What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "away from the head end"? Inferior/Caudal

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

4. What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "further from the origin of the body part"? Distal
5. You are looking at a diagram of a patient standing in anatomical position. On the sheet of paper containing the diagram, which thumb points to the left side of the paper, right or left? Right Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. All multiple choice questions have one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided.
6. Are the arms part of the axial or appendicular region of the body? Appendicular
7. A patient is standing in anatomical position. The patient moves his hand to scratch his nose. What anatomical action term is best used to indicate the motion occurring at his elbow? A. Flexion B. Extension C. Elevation D. Depression E. Abduction A. Flexion (“closing of a joint”)
8. What anatomical action term is used to indicate "movement away from midline"? A. Flexion B. Extension C. Elevation D. Depression E. Abduction E. Abduction

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

Note: Essay^ UPDATED2024/2025 answers must clearly be in your own words. All multiple choice questions have

one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided.

1. Describe the position of the epigastric region relative to the umbilical region in anatomical position terms. Use a full sentence for your description. The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region. (OR) The umbilical region is inferior to the epigastric region.
2. Which anatomical action is occurring at the elbow joint, in the direction of the arrow? (Elbow) Flexion
3. Look at the figure below. The right femur is moved in the direction of the arrow. What anatomical action term best describes this movement? Abduction (The femur is moving away from midline)

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. All multiple choice questions have one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided.

1. List two organs contained in the pelvic cavity. The pelvic cavity contains the bladder, reproductive organs and the rectum

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

2. True or False: The ventral body cavity contains the cranial cavity, the thoracic cavity, and the abdominal cavity. If your answer is false, rephrase the statement to make it a true statement. False. The ventral cavity contains the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. (It does not contain the cranial cavity) Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. All multiple choice questions have one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided. The body is divided into anterior and posterior sections by what type of plane? Frontal (coronal) A section that is diagonal between horizontal and vertical planes is called what? Oblique Look at the diagram below. What type of plane is shown? Sagittal (Specifically, a midsagittal plane)

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

Note: Essay^ UPDATED2024/2025 answers must clearly be in your own words. All multiple choice questions have

one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided.

1. Using the letters given, match the cell with the type of solution it has been placed in: A cell beginning to swell A. Isotonic A red blood cell placed in ocean water B. Hypertonic A cell containing an equal amount of solute as the solution C. Hypotonic C. A cell beginning to swell B. A red blood cell placed in ocean water A. A cell containing an equal amount of solute as the solution
2. Using the letters given, match each molecule/item with its typical means of entering a cell. You will need to use some means of entry more than once. Oxygen A. Diffusion Lipid-soluble molecules B. Facilitated diffusion Bacteria C. Endocytosis Polar molecules A. Oxygen A. Lipid-soluble molecules C. Bacteria B. Polar molecules
3. Which one of the following is not true of active transport? A. Active transport occurs against the concentration gradient B. Carrier proteins move particles from greater concentration to lesser C. The sodium-potassium pump is an example D. additional energy is required to drive this process

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

B. Carrier^ UPDATED2024/2025 proteins move particles from greater concentration to lesser

4. List the three organelles, in order, involved in the synthesis, transport and shipping of proteins. A. rough ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes B. ribosomes, rough ER, Golgi complex C. ribosomes, smooth ER, Golgi complex D. rough ER, Golgi complex, vacuole **B. ribosomes, rough ER, Golgi complex Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. All multiple choice questions have one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided.
5. Label the 5 organelles listed below: 3: 4: 5: 7: 8: 3: Nucleolus 4: Nuclear Envelope 5: Mitochondria 7: Lysosome 8: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)**

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

2. True or False? a. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F) b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) c. Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T or F) d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure.(T or F) A: T B: T C: F D: T E: F 2. True or False? a. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F) b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) c. Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T or F) d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure.(T or F)

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

a. FALSE (ATP^ UPDATED2024/2025 is produced, not ADP)

b. TRUE (Peripheral proteins can be found on the outer or inner surface, but do not span across the entire membrane). c. FALSE (This process is called endocytosis) d. TRUE e. FALSE (Endocytosis is an active process and requires cellular energy) Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. All multiple choice questions have one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided.

1. In your own words, discuss Tay-Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur? (1) Lysosomes (2) buildup of toxic lipids inside the cell (biomacromolecules) (3) disability and death In the genetic disease known as Tay-Sachs, one of the normally present digestive enzymes inside lysosomes is lacking. Thus, a toxic lipid in the brain cells cannot be broken down. The resulting buildup of lipids in these cells can cause intellectual disability and death.
2. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why. The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands the amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster.

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

Module 2^ UPDATED2024/

Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. All multiple choice questions have one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided.

1. How many lobes does the right human lung have? Three Lobes
2. Air (and not food) pass in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. B. Nasopharynx
3. Rings of cartilage line much of the respiratory tract. In which of one the following would cartilage NOT be found? A. Trachea B. Larynx C. Bronchi D. Alveoli D. Alveoli Label the following five items from the diagram:

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

Label B- Label D- Label E- Label F- Label G- Label B: Oral Cavity Label D: Epiglottis (not glottis) Label E: Glottis (not epiglottis) Label F: Trachea Label G: Esophagus Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. All multiple choice questions have one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided.

1. Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

2. Explain at least two differences between Type I and Type II alveolar cells. a. Type I form the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli in junction with capillaries. Make up roughly 95% of alveolar epithelial cells. b. Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface to keep the alveoli open. In addition, Type II cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells. Make up roughly 5% of alveolar epithelial cells. Answer the following five true or false questions:
3. Negative pressure is used to move air into the lungs. True
4. During exhalation the diaphragm contracts to actively push air out of the lungs. False (during inhalation)
5. During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. True
6. As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. True
7. When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. True (air naturally flows out of the lungs because of the pressure difference)

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

Answer^ UPDATED2024/2025 the following five multiple choice questions:

1. Boyle's law states that gas volume is A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B D. Inversely proportional to pressure
2. Typical respiratory epithelium contains all of the following, except which one? A. cilia B. layers C. tall, narrow cells D. mucus producing cells E. goblet cells B. layers
3. Which cells are most abundant within the alveoli? A. Macrophages B. Type 1 alveolar cells C. Type 2 alveolar cells D. Erythrocytes E. Ciliated columnar cells A. Macrophages
4. Which one of the following is not true of the respiratory physiology? A. Tidal volume is the maximum amount of air able to be inhaled beyond normal inhalation B. Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of quiet breathing C. Inspiratory reserve volume is the maximum amount of air able to be inhaled beyond normal inhalation D. Expiratory reserve volume is the maximum amount of air able to be exhaled beyond normal exhalation A. Tidal volume is the maximum amount of air able to be inhaled beyond normal inhalation

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

5. Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? ( You may find it helpful to draw the respiratory physiology diagram on a piece of scratch paper. ) A. Vital Capacity ( VC ) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity ( TLC ) = VC +RV C. Inspiratory Capacity ( IC ) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity ( FRC ) = IRV + TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC +RV Answer the following five true or false questions:
6. Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. False -all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.
7. The vestibule is the most external portion of the nasal cavity. True
8. The vestibule is lined with typical respiratory epithelium. False - stratified squamous epithelium is found in the vestibule.
9. The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. False
10. The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. False Matching:

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

A. Emphysema B. Cystic Fibrosis C. Pulmonary edema D. Pleurisy The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Answer the following three questions:

**1. The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300-350= 110 mmHG

2. Why would warming air be beneficial to gas exchange? It would expand the air to make it more available for gas exchange.**

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

3. Explain^ UPDATED2024/2025 why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange.

Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Answer the following three questions:

1. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
2. In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli
3. The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Answer the following essay question (10 points):
4. Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy:

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

MODULE 3

Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. All multiple choice questions have one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response with the information provided. Answer the following two questions:

1. Explain why a patient with liver disease would have intolerance to fatty foods. The liver produces bile which breaks down fats. If it is not producing bile (or less bile), fats will not be broken down effectively.
2. Explain in detail how the stomach contents enter the small intestine. The pyloric sphincter (valve), located at the base of the stomach, relaxes causing a small quantity of chyme to pass through the opening into the first part of the small intestine. This initiates a reflex that causes the muscles of the sphincter to contract and close the opening temporarily. Then the sphincter relaxes again and allows more chyme to enter. Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the digestive system. To receive credit for the intestines you must label the specific region. 3: Stomach 4:

1. Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true?
2. Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/

Answer the following two questions: Gallbladder 7: Jejunum (not small intestine) 9: Appendix (not large intestine) 10: Rectum (not large intestine)

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

1. A doctor^ UPDATED2024/2025 is looking to prescribe a larger dose of a vitamin that would not easily cause

vitamin toxicity. What type of vitamin would be the best to prescribe? Explain your answer. A. Water soluble vitamin B. Fat soluble vitamin C. All of the above A. Water soluble vitamin. Fat soluble vitamins are stored within the body’s fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them.

2. Explain which digestive system functions are carried out by the large intestine. Absorption: In the large intestine water and electrolytes are reabsorbed and vitamins are absorbed. Defecation: Feces travel to the rectum where it is excreted via the anus. Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. Answer the following essay question:
3. Name and explain the four main functions performed by the digestive system. The digestive system has four main roles that it performs: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation. Ingestion is when food enters the mouth. Digestion or food breakdown occurs when food is moved, mixed, and exposed to enzymes along the gastrointestinal tract. Digestion can be divided into two parts: mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs when food is broken down into smaller pieces. This occurs when the teeth chew food, when the stomach mixes food, and as food is moved along the gastrointestinal tract. Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food by enzymes. Absorption is the process of moving digested food into the blood stream. Defecation is the excretion of indigestible food from the anus. Answer the following three questions:

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

1. Match^ UPDATED2024/2025 the digestive organ with the one substance it produces: (4

points): Pancreas F. Lipase Liver D. Urea Mouth B. Salivary amylase A. Chyme B. Salivary amylase C. Vitamin E D. Urea E. Pepsinogen F. Lipase

2. What is the purpose of the hormone Ghrelin? A. Increase hunger, decrease satiety B. Increase hunger, increase satiety C. Decrease hunger, increase satiety D. Decrease hunger, decrease satiety A. Increase hunger, decrease satiety
3. Which of the following statements is false? A. Taste buds are located on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx. B. The ileocecal valve controls the entrance of chyme into to the small intestine. C. The gall bladder, teeth, and tongue are considered accessory organs to the digestive system. D. The alimentary canal is a continuous muscular tube, open at both ends. B. The ileocecal valve controls the entrance of chyme into to the small intestine. (It controls the entrance to the large intestine) Answer the following five true or false questions:

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/2025

1. Lipids can be divided into three categories: saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and cholesterol. True
2. Anabolism combines smaller molecules to make larger molecules. True 3.The nasopharynx is the most superior region of the pharynx. True
3. The pharynx has three types of skeletal muscle: circumferential, longitudinal and oblique. False (It only has two; it does not include an oblique layer)
4. The digestive work of salivary amylase is an example of mechanical digestion. False (Chemical digestion)
5. Label the following three types of raised bumps on the tongue. Describe the purpose of type B.

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

UPDATED2024/2025

A:

Filiform papillae B: Circumvallate papillae C: Fungiform papillae Describe B: Papillae are raised bumps on the tongue. The three types of papillae help to grip food on the tongue: circumvallate, fungiform and filiform. Circumvallate papillae contain taste buds. Answer the following three questions:

1. Which of the following statements is true concerning glycolysis? A. Pyruvic acid are broken down into glucose. B. Two ATP molecules are formed in first breakdown of glucose.

Physiology 1 All EXAMS (MODULE 1 -

MODULE 7) TEST BANK LATEST

C. Glucose^ UPDATED2024/2025 is broken down into three pyruvate molecules.

D. Glucose is broken down into two sucrose molecules. B. Two ATP molecules are formed (True)

2. Which of the following statements is true concerning the second stage of glucose breakdown? A. This is also known as proton motive force. B. Fermentation takes place here with oxygen present. C. Two additional ATP are formed along with other electron carriers. D. Glucose molecules are formed. C. Two additional ATP are formed along with other electron carriers. (True)
3. Which of the following statements is false concerning the Electron Transport System? A. Anaerobic respiration is more efficient than aerobic respiration. B. Approximately a total of 34 ATP are formed. C. Protons are pumped out of the inner mitochondrial membrane. D. The proton motive force forms ATP molecules. A. Anaerobic respiration is more efficient than aerobic respiration (false) Label the diagram below, including left or right. Describe tooth (A).