Portage Learning BIOD 171 Microbiology Lecture Exam Key 1-6 2023-2024, Exams of Nursing

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Portage Learning BIOD 171 Microbiology Lecture Exam VERIFIED Key 1-6 2023- 2024

Portage Learning BIOD 171 Microbiology Lecture Exam Key 1 - 6. 2023 MEDICAL

LABORATORY SCIENTISTS PH

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY QUIZ

CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

ANSWER KEY

Human Anatomy and Physiology Coverage: Chemistry of Life Point System: 1 point per item Section 3: EASY LEVEL

1. It is the scientific discipline concerned with the atomic composition or structure of substances and the reactions they undergo. CHEMISTRY 2. 96% of the human body is composed of the elements: a. Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, and Iron b. Sulfur, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, and Oxygen c. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen d. Carbon, Hydrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur 3. The simplest atom – containing one proton, one electron, and no neutrons – is? HYDROGEN 4. Electrons are transferred or shared between atoms. a. Chemical bonding b. Polar covalent bond c. Nonpolar covalent bond d. Ionic bond e. H-bonding 5. The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are: a. Positions, electrons, neurons b. Nucleus, quarks, and muons c. Electrons, quarks, and neurons d. Protons, electrons, and neurons

e. Protons, electrons, and nucleus f. Electrons, neutrons, and protons

6. The protons have a neutral charge. a. True b. False, the neurons have neutral charge. c. None of the above. 7. A negatively charged atom is called as: a. Electrolytes b. Electrons c. Isomers d. Protons e. Anion f. Superoxide g. Cation 8. An electrolyte can conduct electrical current when dissolved in water. a. True b. False 9. Salts form when an acid reacts with a base. a. True b. False 10. This refers to anything that occupies space and has mass. MATTER 11. Which of the following is the smallest particle of an element? a. Cells b. Molecule c. Atoms d. Hydrocarbons 12. The type of chemical bond that involves the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms. a. London Dispersion Forces b. Vander Waal c. Covalent d. Hydrogen e. None of the Above f. All of the Above except for E. 13. What is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body? a. Water b. Sodium chloride c. Oxygen gas d. Carbon e. DNA f. Proteins 14. Which of the following would you call a solute that readily dissolves in water? a. Hydrocarbon b. Carbohydrate

c. Hydrophilic d. Amphipathic e. Hydrophobic f. Hydrostatic

15. Trace elements are required in large amounts. They are found as part of enzymes or required for enzyme activation.

a. Both sentences are correct. b. The second sentence is wrong.

c. Only the first sentence is correct. d. The first sentence is wrong. e. B and C

16. What is the solvent in the fluid compartments of the human body? Water 17. Dissociation is the separation of ions in ionic compound by polar water molecules. a. True b. False 18. What do you call a solution that resists changes in pH? Buffer 19. Anabolism refers to the decomposition reactions that occur in the body while catabolism refers to the synthesis reactions that occur in the body. a. True b. False 20. What scale indicates the H+ concentration of a solution? a. pOH b. pH c. Both A and B d. None of the above 21. A peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide which stores energy in muscle and liver cells of the human body. a. True. b. False, it is glucose. c. False, it is cellulose. d. False, it is glycogen. e. None of the above. 22. Which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide? a. Lactose b. Galactose c. Glycogen d. Ribose e. Cellulose 23. Atomic mass is equivalent to the number of in an atom. a. Neutrons only b. Protons and neutrons c. Electrons only d. Electrons and protons e. Protons only 24. The sugar found in DNA is specifically known as: a. Ribose b. Galactose c. Pentose d. Deoxyribose e. Fructose f. Both C and D

25. What is the chemical name of table sugar? SUCROSE Section 4: AVERAGE LEVEL

1. What molecule is referred as the energy currency of living systems? a. Adenosine Diphosphate b. 1, 25 - hydroxy Vitamin D c. Rubisco d. Adenosine Triphosphate

2. Which type of lipid is used by the human body for insulation? a. Triglycerides b. Steroids c. Phospholipids d. Cholesterol e. Carboxylic acid
3. Which of the following statements is true? Choose the best answer. I. Anaerobic processes require oxygen. II. Aerobic processes require oxygen. III. Aerobic processes generate less energy than anaerobic processes. IV. Anaerobic processes do not require oxygen. V. Aerobic processes do not require oxygen. VI. Aerobic processes generate more energy than anaerobic processes. a. I, II, and III only b. II only c. II and IV only d. I, III, and V only e. II, IV, and VI only f. I, II, III, IV, V, and VI
4. The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions. a. True b. False
5. Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids. a. True b. False
6. Estrogen and cholesterol are both steroids. a. True b. False
7. The movement of ions across cell membranes is an example of: a. Geothermal energy b. Electrical energy c. Mechanical energy d. Potential energy
8. Which of the following substances has a pH closest to 7.0? a. Vaginal fluid b. Cerebrospinal fluid c. Milk of magnesia d. Lye
9. This type of protein is involved with shortening of muscle cells to produce movement. a. Contractile b. Transport c. Structural

d. Catalytic e. Regulatory

10. Reactants can form products, and vis-à-vis, in this type of reaction. REVERSIBLE REACTION 11. In chemical reactions, they increase the rate of chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed or depleted (answer in plural form). CATALYSTS

12. Enzymes are classified as: a. Hormones

b. Structural proteins c. Functional proteins d. Carbohydrates e. Antibodies f. Lipids, specifically triglycerides

13. Enzymes decrease the rates of chemical reactions. a. True b. False
14. Which of the following substances is an enzyme? a. Oxidase b. Glucose c. Nucleotide d. Triglycerides e. mRNA
15. The building blocks of nucleic acids are called as: a. Polypeptide b. Amino acids c. Alpha helices d. Nucleotides e. DNA
16. Decomposition of a protein produces. a. Amino acids b. Nucleotides c. DNA d. RNA e. Polypeptide
17. Enzymes are also classified as globular proteins. a. True b. False, they are only classified as structural proteins c. False, they are only classified as functional proteins. d. None of the above
18. This happens when blood pH drops below 7. a. Hypotension b. Hypertension c. Alkalosis d. Acidosis e. Gluconeogenesis 19. How many disulfide bridges are there in 5000 primary protein structures? ZERO
19. This model shows the shapes of an enzyme and those of the reactant allow the enzymes to bind easily to the reactants. a. Lock-and-Key model b. Fluid Mosaic Model

c. None of the above Section 5: DIFFICULT LEVEL

1. Which of the following is not true about phospholipids? a. They play a major role in energy storage. b. It is an amphipathic structure. c. The tails are nonpolar. d. It has a polar head.

e. They are an important structure in the cell membrane. f. Both C and D g. Both B and E

2. A triple covalent bond is formed between atoms sharing how many valence electrons? SIX

3. All of the following are the characteristics of anabolism except: a. It releases large amounts of energy. b. It involves synthesizing new biomolecules. c. It primarily involves endergonic reactions. d. All of the above e. A and C only
4. Which of the following is a proton donor? a. Acid b. Base c. Salt d. Bufer
5. Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy? a. Maltose b. Lactose c. Glucose d. Cellulose e. Glycogen
6. This process uses water to break down polymers into smaller units or monomers. a. Dehydration Synthesis b. Decomposition c. Hydrolysis d. Denaturation
7. Proteins exhibit 6 levels of structural organization. a. True b. False, only 5 c. False, only 4
8. A DNA is composed of a phosphate group, ribose, and nitrogen bases of Uracil, Cytosine, Adenine, and Guanine. a. True b. False, it is a description of RNA. c. False, DNA does not have Uracil as its nitrogen base. d. False, ribose is a sugar of RNA. e. False, phosphate group is not a component of DNA. f. C and D only g. B, C, and D only h. B, C, D, and E only
9. What biomolecule is referred to as the prime of importance? a. DNA b. RNA

c. Proteins d. Carbohydrates e. Lipids f. A and B

10. Essential amino acids are those amino acids that the body cannot synthesize, thus must be acquired in a diet while nonessential amino acids are synthesized in the body. a. True

b. False, essential amino acids cannot be acquired in a diet c. False, the descriptions are interchanged. d. False, nonessential amino acids are the ones acquired in a diet. e. B and C only f. B, C, and D only