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Portage Learning Developmental Psych Module 4 2024-2025. Questions & Correct Answers. Graded A
Typology: Exams
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Cognitive development in early childhood - ANS Explain the rapid period of neural growth during early childhood – ANS The connections are made between neurons at the synapses and dendrites spread and connect to new growth. Fine motor skills vs gross motor skills - ANS- Fine motor skills: skills that use smaller muscles. Ex: pouring liquids or coloring - Gross motor skills: skills that use large muscle groups. Ex: throwing a ball or running gender constancy – ANS knowledge that one's sex remains the same even if outward appearance changes gender schema theory – ANS states that children have a desire to conform to societal standards and therefore may tune their attention and behavior to act in ways in keeping with their respective gender stereotypes - ANSset belief about the expected behaviors of males and females. How Piaget has inspired education for young children - ANS1. Teachers should be aware of a child's readiness to learn because it might be detrimental to rush acquisition of a skill 2. Learning by exploring the environment is most ideal 3. it is important to recognize childrens' differences in
learning and not compare them. Key influences on gender - ANS1. Biological influences- our 23rd chromosomes influence the development of sex characteristics 2. Social influences- where they incorporate how society treats girls and boys differently 3. Cognitive influences- where children may choose to imitate stereotypical gender behaviors from the world Mylenation - ANSWhere neurons are insulted with a layer of fat to speed up messages between neurons and enhances processing speed Parenting styles that influence children - ANS1. Authoritarian- set rules and expect them to followed. High on demandingness and low on responsiveness. Ex: Using intimidation to make your child to listen and do things. 2. Authoritative- use high level of communication and affection with limit on children's behavior. Best style— high on demandingness and responsiveness. Ex: Communicating with your child to understand why they are upset and agreeing on solution that both think is fair. 3. Permissive- indulgent and do not set limits on children. May result in children with no self control. Low in demandingness and high on responsivess. Ex: Letting your child skip school because they want to and thinking it is their decision to make. 4. Neglectful- removed from their children's lives. Low in demandingness and responsivness. Ex: Not having interest in their child's academic wellbeing Physical
development in early childhood - ANS Piaget vs. Vygotsky - ANSPiaget approached cognitive development from a biological/maturational standpoint and believed that abilities naturally unfolded at certain ages. Vygotsky approached cognitive development from a sociocultural standpoint and emphasized collaborative learning. Piaget's pre- operational stage - ANS1. Symbolic function substage (ages 2-4) - where children have animistic thinking (they believe inanimate objects or animals have human-like qualities) and are egocentric (cannot see another's perspective) 2. Intuitive though substage- where children begin to reason but cannot engage in highly rational thought because they only focus on one aspect of something or put all their attention on one object (centration) and do not see the bigger picture. An example of centration is their difficulty with conservation where they cannot understand that just because an object looks different doesn't mean it substantially changed. Socioemotional development in early childhood - ANSA. Gender B. Parenting Styles Synaptic pruning through early childhood - ANSwhen under-utilized synaptic connections between neurons die away while important ones become strengthened. when under-utilized synaptic connections between neurons die away while important ones become strengthened. Vygotsky's approach to cognitive
development - ANSfocused on what can be learned with collaboration with others or an expert Zone of proximal development- gap between what kids can accomplish alone and what they can do with guidance of an expert scaffolding is a form of teaching that offers changing levels of support as the child progresses