Download Portage Learning NURS 231 Pathophysiology latest 2025 updated & verified Module 4 Exam/ 10 and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity! Portage Learning NURS 231 Pathophysiology latest 2025 updated & verified Module 4 Exam/ 100% success Attempt History Attempt Time LATEST Attempt 1 9 minutes This attempt took 9 minutes. Correct! Blood coagulation Formation of platelet plug Vascular dilation Vascular constriction The three stages of hemostasis include each of the following except: 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 1 1.67 / 2.5 pts Question 2 Correct! Parasympathetic nervous system activation Vasopressin Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Baroreceptors Which of the following is NOT a regulator of blood pressure? 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 7 Correct! Sepsis Non-smoker Obesity Factor V Leiden mutation Which of the following does NOT lead to an increased risk for DVT? Select all that apply. 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 8 Multiple Choice 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 9 Which of the following is NOT associated with iron deficiency anemia? Correct! Normocytic Hypochromic Decreased MCV Low hemoglobin ou Answered CORRECT Vitamin B12 deficiency and Folate deficiency r Sickle cell disease, Vitamin B12 deficiency Folate deficiency, Sickle cell disease Iron deficiency anemia, Thalassemias What are the two most common causes of macrocytic anemia? Multiple Choice 0 / 2.5 pts Question 10 Multiple Choice 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 11 Which of the following is FALSE regarding sickle cell disease? Abnormality of HbS gene Blood vessel occlusion is a complication Correct! Average red cell lifespan is 60 days Can lead to encapsulated infections Correct! Hypersplenism Splenomegaly Functional asplenia Acute chest syndrome Hemolytic anemia A child with homozygous sickle cell disease arrives at the ER. Lab tests indicate pneumococcal sepsis, a bacterial infection. Imaging called spleen scintigraphy measures IV administered radiopharmaceutical tracers present in the tissue, and is used to assess the size, shape, position, and health of the organ. While the physician could palpate the patient's spleen, it could not be visualized by the scintigraphy. What is the likely complication this patient is experiencing? Multiple Choice: 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 12 Question 17 Not yet graded / 10 pts Multiple Choice: 1. The three major determinants of myocardial oxygen demand (MVO2) include each of the following except: a. Diastolic pressure b. Heart rate c. Left ventricular contractility d. Systolic pressure Fill in the Blank: 2. is the most important factor in myocardial oxygen demand. As this increases, myocardial oxygen consumption or demand also increases. Multiple Choice: 3. What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock? a. Heart failure b. Cardiomyopathy c. Myocardial infarction d. Hypertension Multiple Choice: 4. Which does NOT occur during cardiogenic shock? a. Decreased cardiac output b. Hypotension c. Hypoperfusion d. Decreased systemic vascular resistance Your Answer: 1. A 2. heart rate 3. C 4. D 1. A 2. Heart rate 3. C 4. D 1. Explain how ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism: 2. What happens during exercise in someone with coronary artery disease? Your Answer: 1. Ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism in the way the ventricular is able to offset the increase in wall stress. 2. When someone is exercising with coronary artery disease the coronary vessel lumens are narrowed and the blood flow to the heart decreases. The vessels can't vasodilate causing chest pains and shortness of breath. Not yet graded / 10 pts Question 18 1. An increase in wall stress can be caused by an increase in preload or afterload. Ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism by which the ventricle can offset the increase in wall stress. OR Blood pressure elevation increases the workload of the left ventricle by increasing the pressure against which the heart must pump as it ejects blood into the systemic circulation. Over time, the left ventricle hypertrophies to compensate for the increased pressure and work. 2. During exertion, the heart beats harder and faster to supply oxygen to the muscles. The coronary vessels vasodilate and increase blood flow to the cardiac muscle to meet its increased demand for oxygen. With atherosclerotic disease, the coronary vessel lumens are narrowed and blood supply to the heart is diminished. With exertion, the vessels cannot adequately vasodilate. This can manifest as chest pain or tightness and/or shortness of breath. 1. Name 2 biomarkers that elevate during a myocardial infarction: 2. Besides chest pain, name 2 other symptoms a person may experience during a myocardial infarction: Your Answer: 1. Troponin and creatine kinase 2. sudden death and coronary heart disease Not yet graded / 10 pts Question 19 Multiple Choice: Upon seeing this on your patient, which disease would you screen for? 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 22 Gout Hypertension Heart failure Correct! Hyperlipidemia Multiple Choice: Which pharmacologic treatment of hypertension has a mechanism of action characterized by reducing vascular smooth muscle tone (vasodilation) and reducing cardiac contractility and heart rate? 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 23 Diuretics Correct! Calcium channel blockers Beta-blockers Ace-inhibitors ou Answered CORRECT Vasodilators Diuretic r Beta-blocker ACE inhibitor Which pharmacologic treatment of heart failure has a mechanism of action characterized by excretion of fluid, reducing preload: Multiple Choice: 0 / 2.5 pts Question 24 Multiple Choice: Which of the following diseases is classified as a restrictive cardiomyopathy? 0 / 2.5 pts Question 25
